Ambulatory seizure detection.

Purpose Of Review: To review recent advances in the field of seizure detection in ambulatory patients with epilepsy.

Recent Findings: Recent studies have shown that wrist or arm wearable sensors, using 3D-accelerometry, electrodermal activity or photoplethysmography, in isolation or in combination, can reliably detect focal-to-bilateral and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), with a sensitivity over 90%, and false alarm rates varying from 0.1 to 1.

Relation between palm and finger cortical representations in primary somatosensory cortex: A 7T fMRI study.

Many studies focused on the cortical representations of fingers, while the palm is relatively neglected despite its importance for hand function. Here, we investigated palm representation (PR) and its relationship with finger representations (FRs) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Few studies in humans suggested that PR is located medially with respect to FRs in S1, yet to date, no study directly quantified the somatotopic organization of PR and the five FRs.

Cell-specific image-guided transcriptomics identifies complex injuries caused by ischemic acute kidney injury in mice.

The kidney's inherent complexity has made identifying cell-specific pathways challenging, particularly when temporally associating them with the dynamic pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we combine renal cell-specific luciferase reporter mice using a chemoselective luciferin to guide the acquisition of cell-specific transcriptional changes in C57BL/6 background mice. Hydrogen peroxide generation, a common mechanism of tissue damage, was tracked using a peroxy-caged-luciferin to identify optimum time points for immunoprecipitation of labeled ribosomes for RNA-sequencing.

Augmented manipulation ability in humans with six-fingered hands.

Neurotechnology attempts to develop supernumerary limbs, but can the human brain deal with the complexity to control an extra limb and yield advantages from it? Here, we analyzed the neuromechanics and manipulation abilities of two polydactyly subjects who each possess six fingers on their hands. Anatomical MRI of the supernumerary finger (SF) revealed that it is actuated by extra muscles and nerves, and fMRI identified a distinct cortical representation of the SF. In both subjects, the SF was able to move independently from the other fingers.

Six-Month Assessment of a Hand Prosthesis with Intraneural Tactile Feedback.

Objective: Hand amputation is a highly disabling event, which significantly affects quality of life. An effective hand replacement can be achieved if the user, in addition to motor functions, is provided with the sensations that are naturally perceived while grasping and moving. Intraneural peripheral electrodes have shown promising results toward the restoration of the sense of touch.

Upper limb cortical maps in amputees with targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation.

Neuroprosthetics research in amputee patients aims at developing new prostheses that move and feel like real limbs. Targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation (TMSR) is such an approach and consists of rerouting motor and sensory nerves from the residual limb towards intact muscles and skin regions. Movement of the myoelectric prosthesis is enabled via decoded electromyography activity from reinnervated muscles and touch sensation on the missing limb is enabled by stimulation of the reinnervated skin areas.

Anatomical and functional properties of the foot and leg representation in areas 3b, 1 and 2 of primary somatosensory cortex in humans: A 7T fMRI study.

Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) processes somatosensory information and is composed of multiple subregions. In particular, tactile information from the skin is encoded in three subregions, namely Brodmann areas (BAs) 3b, 1 and 2, with each area representing a complete map of the contralateral body. Although, much is known about the somatotopic organization of the hand in human S1, less research has been carried out regarding the somatotopic maps of the foot and leg in S1.

The Necrosis-Avid Small Molecule HQ4-DTPA as a Multimodal Imaging Agent for Monitoring Radiation Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death.

Purpose: Most effective antitumor therapies induce tumor cell death. Non-invasive, rapid and accurate quantitative imaging of cell death is essential for monitoring early response to antitumor therapies. To facilitate this, we previously developed a biocompatible necrosis-avid near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging probe, HQ4, which was radiolabeled with Indium-chloride (In-Cl) via the chelate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), to enable clinical translation.

Synthesis and Applications of Silyl 2-Methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfinates in Preparative Silylation and GC-Derivatization Reactions of Polyols and Carbohydrates.

Trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, and triisopropylsilyl 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfinates were prepared through (CuOTf)2⋅C6H6-catalyzed sila-ene reactions of the corresponding methallylsilanes with SO2 at 50 °C. Sterically hindered, epimerizable, and base-sensitive alcohols gave the corresponding silyl ethers in high yields and purities at room temperature and under neutral conditions. As the byproducts of the silylation reaction (SO2 +isobutylene) are volatile, the workup was simplified to solvent evaporation.

BCl3-mediated ene reaction of sulfur dioxide and unfunctionalized alkenes.

The first ene reactions of SO(2) and unfunctionalized alkenes are reported. Calculations suggest that the endergonic ene reactions of SO(2) with alkenes can be used to generate beta,gamma-unsaturated sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds. Indeed, in the presence of one equivalent of BCl(3), the unstable sulfinic acid form stable sulfinic acid.

Chemoselective C-H bond activation: ligand and solvent free iron-catalyzed oxidative C-C cross-coupling of tertiary amines with terminal alkynes. Reaction scope and mechanism.

FeCl(2) catalyzes the oxidative C-C cross-coupling of tertiary amines with terminal alkynes into propargylamines using (t-BuO)(2) as oxidant. The reaction can be applied to aromatic and aliphatic amines and alkynes without solvent. High chemoselectivity for aminomethyl groups is due to a steric factor.

Anaerobic thermophilic fermentation for acetic acid production from milk permeate.

Fermentation of milk permeate to produce acetic acid under anaerobic thermophilic conditions (approximately 60 degrees C) was studied. Although none of the known thermophilic acetogenic bacteria can ferment lactose, it has been found that one strain can use galactose and two strains can use lactate. Moorella thermoautotrophica DSM 7417 and M.