N-terminomics profiling of host proteins targeted by excretory-secretory proteases of the nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum identifies points of interaction with canine coagulation and complement cascade.

The cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum can cause severe disease in dogs, including coagulopathies manifesting with bleeding. We analysed A. vasorum excretory/secretory protein (ESP)-treated dog plasma and serum by N-terminome analysis using Terminal Amine Isotopic Labelling of Substrates (TAILS) to identify cleaved host substrates.

A framework for understanding collective microbiome metabolism.

Microbiome metabolism underlies numerous vital ecosystem functions. Individual microbiome members often perform partial catabolism of substrates or do not express all of the metabolic functions required for growth. Microbiome members can complement each other by exchanging metabolic intermediates and cellular building blocks to achieve a collective metabolism.

Fracture-Related Safety Reporting of JAK Inhibitors: An Analysis from the WHO Global VigiBase.

Introduction: The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are treatment options for autoimmune diseases. Numerous safety concerns have been raised. The European Medicines Agency updated the product information of tofacitinib to include the risk of fractures-but not for other JAK inhibitors.

From the Ground Up: Stakeholder Perspectives on Housing Interventions to Reduce Environmentally Mediated Infections.

Background: Housing conditions are intrinsically linked to human health, with inadequate housing potentially increasing exposure to environmentally mediated pathogens. Housing interventions that aim to improve housing and reduce environmentally mediated infections, such as finished floors and housing upgrades for vector-borne diseases, remain relatively under-explored as health interventions. This study explored facilitators of and barriers to funding, implementing, and scaling up housing improvements as health interventions to reduce environmentally mediated infectious diseases.

MyThisYourThat for interpretable identification of systematic bias in federated learning for biomedical images.

Distributed collaborative learning is a promising approach for building predictive models for privacy-sensitive biomedical images. Here, several data owners (clients) train a joint model without sharing their original data. However, concealed systematic biases can compromise model performance and fairness.

CCAR1 promotes DNA repair via alternative splicing.

DNA repair is directly performed by hundreds of core factors and indirectly regulated by thousands of others. We massively expanded a CRISPR inhibition and Cas9-editing screening system to discover factors indirectly modulating homology-directed repair (HDR) in the context of ∼18,000 individual gene knockdowns. We focused on CCAR1, a poorly understood gene that we found the depletion of reduced both HDR and interstrand crosslink repair, phenocopying the loss of the Fanconi anemia pathway.

Non-targeted discovery of high-value bio-products in Nicotiana glauca L: a potential renewable plant feedstock.

The evaluation of plant-based feedstocks is an important aspect of biorefining. Nicotiana glauca is a solanaceous, non-food crop that produces large amounts of biomass and is well adapted to grow in suboptimal conditions. In the present article, compatible sequential solvent extractions were applied to N.

A Molecular Voyage: Multiomics Insights into Circulating Tumor Cells.

Unlabelled: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a pivotal role in metastasis, the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Recent improvements of CTC isolation tools, coupled with a steady development of multiomics technologies at single-cell resolution, have enabled an extensive exploration of CTC biology, unlocking insights into their molecular profiles. A detailed molecular portrait requires CTC interrogation across various levels encompassing genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic features.

Textual materiality and abstraction in mathematics.

In this paper, we wish to explore the role that textual representations play in the creation of new mathematical objects. We do so by analyzing texts by Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) and Évariste Galois (1811-1832), which are seen as central to the historical development of the mathematical concept of groups. In our analysis, we consider how the material features of representations relate to the changes in conceptualization that we see in the texts.

Alone you go faster, together you go farther.

The metastatic process is an extraordinarily complex step-by-step procedure, characterized by many analogies with migratory patterns of humans or animals across our planet. The ongoing interrogation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), caught in the act of spreading from one location to another, is revealing distinct behaviors including biological, physical, and mechanical features that impact on their likelihood to form metastasis. In this viewpoint, I will discuss some of these findings and provide a perspective on the metastatic journey, open questions and opportunities to exploit some of the most recent discoveries for the development of antimetastasis medicines.

Travelling under pressure - hypoxia and shear stress in the metastatic journey.

Cancer cell invasion, intravasation and survival in the bloodstream are early steps of the metastatic process, pivotal to enabling the spread of cancer to distant tissues. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a highly selected subpopulation of cancer cells that tamed these critical steps, and a better understanding of their biology and driving molecular principles may facilitate the development of novel tools to prevent metastasis. Here, we describe key research advances in this field, aiming at describing early metastasis-related processes such as collective invasion, shedding, and survival of CTCs in the bloodstream, paying particular attention to microenvironmental factors like hypoxia and mechanical stress, considered as important influencers of the metastatic journey.

"InMotion"-Mixed physical exercise program with creative movement as an intervention for adults with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Schizophrenia is among the world's top 10 causes of long-term disability with symptoms that lead to major problems in social and occupational functioning, and in self-care. Therefore, it is important to investigate the efficacy of complementary treatment options for conventionally used antipsychotic medication, such as physical training, and psychosocial interventions.

Objective: To combine aerobic and strength training with cognitive, emotional and social stimulation in one intervention for people with schizophrenia and test the feasibility and effects of this intervention.

Metastasis Unleashed: Hyposialylation Empowers Chemo-Evasive Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Breast Cancer.

Therapy resistance is frequently observed in cancer patients with distant metastases and effective management of metastatic disease remains challenging. Unraveling the cellular mechanisms and molecular targets fueling metastatic spread is crucial for advancing cancer therapies. In a recent issue of Cancer Discovery, Dashzeveg and colleagues revealed that loss of terminal sialylation in glycoproteins within circulating tumor cell clusters is a dynamic process that contributes to cellular dormancy, facilitates evasion of chemotherapy, and enhances metastatic seeding.

A heterogeneously integrated lithium niobate-on-silicon nitride photonic platform.

The availability of thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) and advances in processing have led to the emergence of fully integrated LiNbO electro-optic devices. Yet to date, LiNbO photonic integrated circuits have mostly been fabricated using non-standard etching techniques and partially etched waveguides, that lack the reproducibility achieved in silicon photonics. Widespread application of thin-film LiNbO requires a reliable solution with precise lithographic control.

From circular strategies to actions: 65 European circular building cases and their decarbonisation potential.

The application of the circular economy (CE) in the building industry is critical for achieving the carbon reduction goals defined in the Paris Agreement and is increasingly promoted through European policies. In recent years, CE strategies have been applied and tested in numerous building projects in practice. However, insights into their application and decarbonisation potential are limited.

Circulating tumour cells in gastrointestinal cancers: food for thought?

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for 35% of cancer-related deaths, predominantly due to their ability to spread and generate drug-tolerant metastases. Arising from different locations in the GI system, the majority of metastatic GI malignancies colonise the liver and the lungs. In this context, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are playing a critical role in the formation of new metastases, and their presence in the blood of patients has been correlated with a poor outcome.

Ultrafast tunable lasers using lithium niobate integrated photonics.

Early works and recent advances in thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO) on insulator have enabled low-loss photonic integrated circuits, modulators with improved half-wave voltage, electro-optic frequency combs and on-chip electro-optic devices, with applications ranging from microwave photonics to microwave-to-optical quantum interfaces. Although recent advances have demonstrated tunable integrated lasers based on LiNbO (refs. ), the full potential of this platform to demonstrate frequency-agile, narrow-linewidth integrated lasers has not been achieved.

MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies.

Cancer patients with advanced disease are characterized by intrinsic challenges in predicting drug response patterns, often leading to ineffective treatment. Current clinical practice for treatment decision-making is commonly based on primary or secondary tumour biopsies, yet when disease progression accelerates, tissue biopsies are not performed on a regular basis. It is in this context that liquid biopsies may offer a unique window to uncover key vulnerabilities, providing valuable information about previously underappreciated treatment opportunities.

EMP1-positive cells found guilty of metastatic relapse in colorectal cancer.

Metastatic recurrence develops in 30%-40% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the years that follow surgical removal of the primary tumor. In a recent issue of Nature, Cañellas-Socias et al. identify a distinct population of CRC cells, marked with epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1), accountable for metastatic relapse.

Microwave-to-optical conversion with a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity.

Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating at microwave frequencies. Here we present a platform for microwave-to-optical conversion comprising a photonic crystal cavity made of single-crystal, piezoelectric gallium phosphide integrated on pre-fabricated niobium circuits on an intrinsic silicon substrate.

Functional structure of plant communities along salinity gradients in Iranian salt marshes.

Salt marshes are unique habitats between sea or saline lakes and land that need to be conserved from the effects of global change. Understanding the variation in functional structure of plant community along environmental gradients is critical to predict the response of plant communities to ongoing environmental changes. We evaluated the changes in the functional structure of halophytic communities along soil gradients including salinity, in Iranian salt marshes; Lake Urmia, Lake Meyghan, Musa estuary, and Nayband Bay (Iran).