Evaluation of clinical benefits and economic value of weight loss in a Swedish population using a simulation model.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the 10-year clinical benefits and economic value of weight loss in a Swedish population with obesity using a value of weight-loss simulation model.

Methods: Data on the prevalence of and costs associated with obesity and obesity-related complications (ORCs) were applied within an adapted simulation model to evaluate weight-loss benefits for a 2023 Swedish population over 10 years. The 10-year incidence of 10 ORCs and treatment costs in a random cohort of 10,000 individuals were estimated for a stable weight scenario and four weight-loss (5%-20%) scenarios.

Sleep Health and White Matter Integrity in the UK Biobank.

Many people experience impaired sleep health, yet knowledge about its neurobiological correlates is limited. As previous studies have found associations between white matter integrity and several sleep traits, white matter integrity could be causally implicated in poor sleep health. However, these studies were often limited by small sample sizes.

Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in 600 Swedish children with the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder phenotype.

Background: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by extremely restricted dietary variety and/or quantity resulting in serious consequences for physical health and psychosocial functioning. ARFID often co-occurs with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) and psychiatric conditions, but previous data are mostly limited to small clinical samples examining a narrow range of conditions. Here, we examined NDCs and psychiatric conditions in a large, population-based group of children with ARFID.

Surgery in patients aged ≥ 80 years: mortality and recovery in a nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: As the global population ages, the demand for surgical interventions in older adults is rising. Older patients face increased risks due to age-related physiological changes and comorbidities, making surgery and postoperative care challenging. This study aimed to assess short- and long-term mortality, as well as patient-centred outcomes such as days alive and at home 30 and 90 days after surgery, in patients aged ≥ 80 y undergoing surgical procedures.

Occupational exposure and chronic bronchitis in a sample of the general population in Telemark, Norway: a two-phased cross-sectional study.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB), examine its association with occupational exposure to irritants assessed by self-reporting or the Nordic job exposure matrix (N-JEM) stratified by smoking status and estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of CB from occupational exposure.

Methods: A two-phased, cross-sectional design was used to analyse a random sample collected in 2013 and 2018 of the population aged 16-55 years in Telemark County, Norway. CB was defined as cough and sputum production for ≥3 months over 2 consecutive years.

Global Incidence, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Adrenal Cancer: a systematic analysis of cancer registries.

Objectives: Adrenal gland cancer (AGC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Studies on this cancer have been limited. This study, for the first time, aims to analyse the global disease burden and trends of adrenal gland cancer in country level and examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors to generate hypotheses.

Greenhouse gas emissions in relation to micronutrient intake and implications of energy intake: A comparative analysis of different modelling approaches.

Background: Human diets account for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Reporting dietary GHGE with or without energy standardization yields different outcomes, often resulting in conflicting conclusions regarding associations with micronutrient intake.

Objectives: To compare methods of reporting dietary GHGE, with and without consideration of energy intake, and their respective associations with micronutrient intake.

Prognosis After Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for early-stage breast cancer is prognostic, but not the sole surrogate marker for long-term outcome at a trial level, given that recurrence risk persists in patients who achieve pCR. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the outcome of patients who achieve pCR.

Methods: This population-based cohort study prospectively enrolled patients who received NACT for nonmetastatic breast cancer between 2007 and 2020 in the Stockholm-Gotland region, which comprises 25% of the entire Swedish population.

Multi-target analysis of synthetic phenolic compounds in human blood.

Synthetic phenolic compounds are widely used in plastics and personal care products, leading to potential high human exposure. This study aimed to develop two multi-target analytical methods to quantify phenolic compounds in human serum, including free and conjugated synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), bisphenols, parabens, and UV filters. The two methods were applied to 30 human serum samples from young adults (15 females and 15 males) living in Stockholm, Sweden.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of tube feeding among older adults with advanced dementia in Japan: A net benefit regression approach.

Background: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and nasogastric tube (NGT) in older adults with advanced dementia, compared with non-artificial nutrition.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Medical claims data and long-term care claims data from Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, were used.

Anti-Cancer Potential of a new Derivative of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester targeting the Centrosome.

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma affecting children and young adults. About 30% of patients develop therapy resistance therefore new precision medicine drugs are highly warranted. Multiple rounds of structure-activity optimization of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester have resulted in CM14.

Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter alterations with advancing age and injury in the mouse retina.

Increasing age and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are the two major risk factors for glaucoma, the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Accumulating evidence is pointing to metabolic failure predisposing to neuronal loss with advancing age and IOP injury. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from endogenous metabolites and are essential for correct cell to cell signaling along the visual pathways.

Feasibility and usability evaluation of a gamified fatigue management mobile application for persons with multiple sclerosis in everyday life.

Background: Fatigue is the most debilitating and prevalent symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting up to 80 % of patients and significantly impairing quality of life (QoL). Managing MS fatigue is challenging due to its multifactorial nature, encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychosocial components. Mobile health (mHealth) tools offer promising approaches for self-management, but most lack personalization and rigorous validation.

Quercetin-derived carbon dots promote proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and enhance neurite outgrowth.

Quercetin, a flavonoid known for its antioxidant properties, has recently garnered attention as a potential neuroprotective agent for treatment of the injured nervous system. The repair of peripheral nerve injuries hinges on the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, which play a crucial role in supporting axonal growth and myelination. In this study we synthesized Quercetin-derived carbon dots (QCDs) and investigated their effects on cultured Schwann cells and the NG108-15 cell line.

Methods to assess on-farm biosecurity in Europe and beyond.

The aim of this study was to identify which biosecurity assessment methods (BAMs) are currently used in practice in animal farms. To address this, a structured questionnaire was developed to gather information such as the animal species, main objectives, type of enforcement, output generated and feedback of the result. In the context of the BETTER Cost Action project, country representatives identified in each of their countries which BAMs were used and completed an online survey.

Midlife financial stress and cognitive and physical impairments in older age: The role of potentially modifying factors.

Background: Financial stress is an important source of chronic stress and has been associated with cognitive and physical impairments. The goal of this study was to investigate whether financial stress is associated with cognitive and physical impairment and their combination, the role of potential modifiable factors and potential sex differences.

Methods: The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia population-based cohort study from Finland was used (n = 1497) (baseline data collected 1972-1987, mean age 50 years).

A survey of Swedish radiographer's need for knowledge at advanced level.

Introduction: There are uncertainties about whether current advanced-level courses provide the knowledge needed to develop the profession for radiographers in Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish radiographers' perceived need for additional post-registration knowledge in their profession and their need for education at advanced level.

Methods: Swedish radiographers were invited to participate in a national electronic survey between November and December 2022.

Atrial fibrillation burden in clinical practice, research, and technology development: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke and the European Heart Rhythm Association.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac diseases and a complicating comorbidity for multiple associated diseases. Many clinical decisions regarding AF are currently based on the binary recognition of AF being present or absent with the categorical appraisal of AF as continued or intermittent. Assessment of AF in clinical trials is largely limited to the time to (first) detection of an AF episode.

Real-life intense fear is communicated through context, not facial expressions.

Central emotion theories assume that during threatening and dangerous events the human face signals a prototypical, distinct, and universally recognized expression of fear which can be accurately decoded by conspecific perceivers. Due to the importance of fear expressions, an unusually large body of research has been dedicated to exploring their evolutionary origins, neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical significance. However, these studies typically utilize highly recognizable posed actor portrayals presumed to closely resemble the diagnostic physical appearance of real-life fearful faces.

Lack of association between breastfeeding duration and body mass index in children and adolescents - A Swedish cohort study.

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity in children during follow-up until 16 years of age.

Methods: Observational cohort study of mothers and their children born 1999-2000 in a municipality in southwestern Sweden. Data were retrieved from antenatal clinics, primary care child health care centres and school health care.

Preschool children of parents who screen positive for mental health problems have an increased risk of subsequent mental disorders: Findings from a longitudinal follow-up study in Sweden.

Research has shown associations between parental and child mental health problems. However, there is a paucity of Swedish studies on this topic. Investigating this link in a Swedish context could inform preventive interventions aimed at reducing mental health problems in affected families.

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Preterm White Matter Injury: Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes.

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of preterm white matter injury (PWMI), leading to glial cell dysfunction, arrest of oligodendrocyte maturation, and long-term neurological damage. As a potential therapeutic strategy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit significant immunomodulatory and regenerative potential. Recent studies suggest that the primary mechanism of MSC action is their paracrine effects, particularly mediated by extracellular vesicles, with MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) being the key mediators.

Multimodal neuromonitoring in the nordic countries: experiences and attitudes - a multi-institutional survey.

Background: Multimodal neuromonitoring (MMM) aids early detection of secondary brain injury in neurointensive care and facilitates research in pathophysiologic mechanisms of the injured brain. Invasive ICP monitoring has been the gold standard for decades, however additional methods exist (aMMM). It was hypothesized that local practices regarding aMMM vary considerably and that inter-and intracenter consensus is low.

Macrophage P2Y receptor signalling as a key mediator and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid deposition and immune cell activation, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence highlights the role of purinergic signalling in atherogenesis, particularly the P2Y receptor in macrophages [1]. Using RNA sequencing, proteomics, expression and functional validation in cells, mouse models and human materials, this study provides comprehensive mechanistic insights into how macrophage P2Y receptors contribute to foam cell formation and plaque development through the phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ)/store-operated Ca entry/calreticulin/scavenger receptor A (SR-A) pathway.