Unveiling root nodulation in Tribulus terrestris and Roystonea regia via metagenomics analysis.

Root nodule symbiosis is traditionally recognized in the Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales orders within the Rosid I clade of angiosperms. However, ambiguous root nodule formation has been reported in Zygophyllaceae and Roystonea regia (Arecaceae), although a detailed analysis has yet to be conducted. We aimed to perform morphological analyses of root structures in these plants and utilize metagenomic techniques to identify and characterize the bacterial populations within the nodule-like structures.

The Cognitive Profile in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and the Relationship With Autism and ADHD: A Pilot Study.

Objective: We aimed to examine the cognitive profile in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and its association with traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. In addition, resemblance in the cognitive profile between youths with AN and their parents was explored.

Methods: Adolescent females with acute AN (n = 20) and a healthy comparison group (n = 28) completed neuropsychological tasks of set-shifting (Trail making test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and central coherence (Rey Complex Figures Task, Group Embedded Figures Test, object assembly subtest).

Mental health service users' experiences of everyday occupations while attending day centres during the transition into retirement age.

Background: Existing research has shown that those ageing with severe mental illness face significant challenges in daily life. Attendance at community-based day centres (DCs) is offered to support daily structure and break isolation. However, little is known about the experiences of those receiving this type of support while transitioning into retirement age.

Chemoenzymatic Formation of Oxa-Terpenoids by Sesqui- and Diterpene Synthase-Mediated Biotransformations with 9-Oxy-FPP Ether Derivatives.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate derivatives bearing an additional oxygen atom at position 5 proved to be very suitable for expanding the substrate promiscuity of sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) and the formation of new oxygenated terpenoids. Insertion of an oxygen atom in position 9, however, caused larger restraints that led to restricted acceptance by STSs. In order to reduce some of the proposed restrictions, two FPP-ether derivatives with altered substitution pattern around the terminal olefinic double bond were designed.

The prognostic significance of stress-phenotyping for stroke incidence: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Background: Self-reported mental stress is not consistently recognized as a risk factor for stroke. This prompted development of a novel algorithm for stress-phenotype indices to quantify chronic stress prevalence in relation to a modified stroke risk score in a South African cohort. The algorithm is based on biomarkers adrenocorticotrophic hormone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitive cardiac-troponin-T, and diastolic blood pressure which exemplifies the stress-ischemic-phenotype index.

They paid attention to the whole of me in some way, both physically, mentally, and everything in between: a qualitative study of patients' experiences of interdisciplinary rehabilitation (PREVSAM) in primary care for musculoskeletal disorders.

Purpose: To explore and describe patients' experiences and perceptions of rehabilitation according to the rehabilitation model 'Prevention of sickness absence through early identification and rehabilitation of at-risk patients with musculoskeletal pain' (PREVSAM).

Method: A qualitative study was conducted, with individual semi-structured interviews analysed using qualitative content analysis. Fifteen patients from three primary care rehabilitation clinics in Sweden who had undergone rehabilitation based on the PREVSAM model participated.

Model-Informed Once-Daily Dosing Strategy for Bedaquiline and Delamanid in Children, Adolescents and Adults with Tuberculosis.

The complexity of the currently registered dosing schedules for bedaquiline and delamanid is a barrier to uptake in drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment across all ages. A simpler once-daily dosing schedule is critical to ensure patient-friendly regimens with good adherence. We assessed expected drug exposures with proposed once-daily doses for adults and compared novel model-informed once-daily dosing strategies for children with current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended dosing.

Rural-urban divide in risk perception of LSD: Implications for psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Background: Recent legislative initiatives in the United States have focused on the medical and legal status of psychedelics, prompting interest in understanding public perceptions of their risks. This study investigates rural-urban differences in the perception of LSD and cannabis risks using national survey data.

Methods: Data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed.

Comparison of Marker-Based RSA and CT-RSA for Analyzing Micromotions After Distal Radius Osteotomy: A 1-Year Retrospective Study of 24 Patients.

Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) is the most accurate method for determining early micromotions of orthopedic implants. Computed Tomography Radiostereometric Analysis (CT-RSA) is a method that can be used to determine implant and bone micromovements using low-dose CT scans. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the CT-RSA method in measuring the interfragmental mobility in patients who have undergone a correction osteotomy due to a malunited distal radius fracture.

Intervention description of pharmacist-facilitated medication reviews in Nordic primary care settings: a scoping review.

Background: Multicomponent interventions are increasingly utilized to tackle the complexity of aging and co-morbid patients. However, descriptions of interventions are generally poor, making it difficult for healthcare providers to implement successful programs.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the completeness of intervention description of pharmacist-facilitated medication reviews (MRs) in Nordic primary care settings.

Nuclear error phenotypes in the two-cell embryo are correlated to blastocyst formation rate after assisted reproduction.

Purpose: Map the nuclear error phenotypes in the two-cell embryo after assisted reproduction using time lapse images and the effect on good quality blastocyst formation.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using time lapse images, categorizing 2331 two-cell embryos from 392 patient couples and 504 ART cycles categorizing each embryo as mononucleated, multinucleated, micronucleated, binucleated, split nucleation or mixed error. Correlating nuclear error phenotype with good quality blastocyst formation rate (BFR) using contingency tables and unadjusted odds ratio.

Identification of shared genetic etiology of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through common cardiometabolic risk factors.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cerebrovascular diseases (CeVDs) are closely related vascular diseases, sharing common cardiometabolic risk factors (RFs). Although pleiotropic genetic variants of these two diseases have been reported, their underlying pathological mechanisms are still unclear. Leveraging GWAS summary data and using genetic correlation, pleiotropic variants identification, and colocalization analyses, we identified 11 colocalized loci for CVDs-CeVDs-BP (blood pressure), CVDs-CeVDs-LIP (lipid traits), and CVDs-CeVDs-cIMT (carotid intima-media thickness) triplets.

Viral coat proteins decrease the gene silencing activity of cognate and heterologous viral suppressors.

Plant viruses have evolved different viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to counteract RNA silencing which is a small RNA-mediated sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism. Previous studies have already shown that the coat protein (CP) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) reduced RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity of the VSR of CMV, the 2b protein. To demonstrate the universality of this CP-VSR interference, our study included three different viruses: CMV and peanut stunt virus (PSV) from the Bromoviridae, and plum pox virus (PPV) from the Potyviridae family.

Maximizing the safety and sustainability of MXenes.

Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) is a new regulatory concept guiding chemical and material innovation. The European Commission has recommended a two-stage SSbD framework and plan to revise it based on stakeholder feedback. The framework involves establishing key (re)design SSbD principles and assessment of the final innovation, however the applicability of the framework to advanced materials remains to be addressed.

Mitochondrial genomes of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) reveal Pliocene diversification, extensive gene flow and pervasive purifying selection.

The development of management strategies for the promotion of sustainable fisheries relies on a deep knowledge of ecological and evolutionary processes driving the diversification and genetic variation of marine organisms. Sustainability strategies are especially relevant for marine species such as the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), a small pelagic fish with high ecological and socioeconomic importance, especially in Southern Europe, whose stock has declined since 2006, possibly due to environmental factors. Here, we generated sequences for 139 mitochondrial genomes from individuals from 19 different geographical locations across most of the species distribution range, which was used to assess genetic diversity, diversification history and genomic signatures of selection.

ChatGPT (GPT-4) versus doctors on complex cases of the Swedish family medicine specialist examination: an observational comparative study.

Background: Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence research include the development of generative pretrained transformers (GPT). ChatGPT has been shown to perform well when answering several sets of medical multiple-choice questions. However, it has not been tested for writing free-text assessments of complex cases in primary care.

Postnatal foot length measurement as a proxy to identify low birth weight for frontline health workers in rural Sindh Province, Pakistan: a diagnostic accuracy study.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of postnatal foot length (FL) measurements as a proxy to identify low birth weight (LBW) for frontline healthcare workers in rural Sindh Province, Pakistan.

Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Setting: This study was conducted in the catchment area of Global Network's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry, Thatta, Sindh Province, Pakistan, from January to June 2023.

Multifunctional nanocellulose hybrid films: From packaging to photovoltaics.

This study aimed to develop eco-friendly multifunctional nanocellulose (NC) hybrid films with tailored properties for versatile applications including packaging and photovoltaics. Hybrid films composed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were produced at various mass ratio (CNC - 100:0 to 0:100). Montmorillonite clay (MTM) was incorporated (50 % by mass) into the CNC:CNF films.

Grading the Evidence for Physical Activity and any Outcome in Cancer Survivors: an Umbrella Review of 740 Meta-analytic associations.

Background: To contribute to the refinement of future physical activity (PA) guidelines, which have remained mostly generic until now, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses for PA in cancer survivors.

Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched in January 2024 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association/effect of any type of PA in every cancer type and for any studied outcome. Statistically significant meta-analyses were categorized into four evidence groups (strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak) using pre-established grading criteria.

Novel Thermosensitive Small Multilamellar Lipid Nanoparticles with Promising Release Characteristics made by Dual Centrifugation.

Thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) have great potential for the selective delivery of cytostatic drugs to the tumor site with greatly reduced side effects. Here we report the discovery and characterization of new thermosensitive small multilamellar lipid nanoparticles (tSMLPs) with unusually high temperature selectivity. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent release of the fluorescent marker calcein from tSMLPs is enhanced by human serum albumin.

Disrupted methionine cycle triggers muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia through epigenetic regulation of REDD1.

The essential amino acid methionine plays a pivotal role in one-carbon metabolism, facilitating the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a critical supplier for DNA methylation and thereby a modulator of gene expression. Here, we report that the methionine cycle is disrupted in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA hypomethylation-induced expression of the DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (Ddit4) gene, encoding the regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein. Targeting DNA methylation by depletion or pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) exacerbates cachexia, while restoring DNMT3A expression or REDD1 knockout alleviates cancer cachexia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice.

Spatiotemporal single-cell roadmap of human skin wound healing.

Wound healing is vital for human health, yet the details of cellular dynamics and coordination in human wound repair remain largely unexplored. To address this, we conducted single-cell multi-omics analyses on human skin wound tissues through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases of wound repair from the same individuals, monitoring the cellular and molecular dynamics of human skin wound healing at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. This singular roadmap reveals the cellular architecture of the wound margin and identifies FOSL1 as a critical driver of re-epithelialization.

Solid phase extraction chromatography-based radiochemical isolation of cyclotron-produced Mn from enriched Fe targets.

We report DGA extraction chromatography isolation of Mn from isotopically enriched Fe. The method has been studied in semi-automated and automated realizations. The former achieves a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 78 ± 1 % (n = 3) and a separation factor of (1.

To get through to survive: Exploring the symptom cluster management process during oncological treatment from the perspective of patients with lung cancer - A grounded theory study.

Purpose: To explore the symptom cluster management process from the perspective of patients with lung cancer within the oncological care context.

Methods: We used a constructivist grounded theory methodology to collect and analyze rich data from 15 patients with lung cancer via individual interviews and a two-dimensional symptom assessment scale.

Results: A situational theoretical model describes the symptom cluster management process through the main category 'To get through to survive', with the category 'Handling symptom clusters' together with six sub-categories concerning the patients' management strategies and the category 'Living with symptom clusters,' together with two sub-categories describing the outcome in their daily life.

Women's experiences of giving birth in healthcare facilities in India -A systematic literature review of qualitative research.

Background: Childbirth in healthcare facilities has increased in South-East Asia and the focus on quality of childbirth care has increased in the region. Without a deeper understanding of women's experience of giving birth in healthcare facilities, the quality of care cannot be improved. The aim of this study was to synthesise available qualitative research from India that explores women's experiences of giving birth in healthcare facilities.