Minimum initiatory concentration distribution of Mecillinam in clinical Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates from Europe.

Background: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most common bacteria causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). It is considered non-susceptible to mecillinam, with no defined breakpoint and only few available minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) observations. However, this consideration does not correlate with clinical outcome.

Physical Activity Habits and Incident First-Ever Stroke in Middle-Aged Adults-A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Lifestyle affects the risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Several lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA), are modifiable, and in this study, we examined the association between leisure-time PA habits and the risk of a first-ever stroke.

Methods: This prospective study included residents in Västerbotten, Sweden, who participated in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme at 40, 50, and 60 years of age.

International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring.

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and summarizes recent advances in the technology behind glucose monitoring, and its role in glucose-responsive integrated technology that is feasible with the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in children and adolescents.

Vaccines and AMR: An analysis of the funding landscape for human bacterial vaccines in low-and middle-income countries.

Background: Vaccines are critical tools to prevent the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through prevention of infection and reduction of subsequent antibiotic use. Since AMR is a critical issue disproportionately affecting Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs), we examined investments in research and development for bacterial vaccines with a focus on LMIC-driven research.

Methods: Publicly available funding data on projects active from January 2007 to 15 January 2024 from the G-FINDER and Global AMR R&D Hub databases were analysed.

Predicting and managing liver fibrosis in biliary atresia.

Regardless of the underlying etiology and success of PE, progressive liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis represent the dominant pathology and the end-stage of BA. Ascending bile duct injury-induced cholestasis, inflammation and ductular reaction provide profibrogenic cytokine environment leading to myofibroblast activation and rapid progression of fibrosis especially after unsuccessful portoenterostomy. Although liver fibrosis and development of cirrhosis play a crucial role in determining BA outcomes, the exact prognostic significance and dynamics of mild to moderate liver fibrosis remain unclear.

Experiences and perspectives of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: A qualitative study.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical treatment, capturing their perspectives from diagnosis through to post-discharge recovery.

Methods: A qualitative methodology was adopted, utilising semi-structured virtual interviews with ten patients recruited from a specialist colorectal clinic. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data analysed by the process of inductive thematic analysis, using interpretive description.

Optimal placement of ambulance stations using data-driven direct and surrogate search methods.

Objective: In this paper, we implement and validate a set of optimization approaches that were applied on ambulance data from the Västerbotten county in Sweden collected 2018, with the objective to find the optimal placement of the ambulance stations (or stand-by positions) in Umeå, a municipality in the county with regards to median of response times for priority 1 alarms, the most urgent type of alarms (MRT1).

Methods: Here, we use data-driven approaches for optimizing the placement of ambulance stations. For a given allocation, i.

CT-assisted age estimation from the medial clavicular epiphysis in the Greek population according to Schmeling and Kellinghaus classification.

Examining the clavicle by macroscopic or radiologic techniques is a well-established method in forensic age estimation in living and dead individuals. The present study examined 196 CT (computed tomography scan) images of native patients from the archive of the medical imaging laboratory of the University Hospital in Heraklion, Crete, in Greece. The ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis was classified according to Schmeling et al.

Six-month Rituximab-Lenalidomide regimen in advanced untreated Follicular Lymphoma: SAKK 35/10 Trial 10-year Update.

The Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) and the Nordic Lymphoma Group (NLG) conducted the SAKK 35/10 randomized phase-2 trial (NCT0137605) to compare rituximab (R) alone versus R plus lenalidomide (L) as initial treatment for follicular lymphoma (FL). Patients with grade 1-3a FL, requiring systemic therapy, were randomized to either R (n=77; 375 mg/m2 IV x 1, weeks 1-4) or RL (n=77; R on the same schedule and L at 15 mg daily continuously). Responders (evaluated at 10 weeks) repeated R during weeks 12-15 with or without L (for a total of 18 weeks).

Migration of Health Workers and Its Impacts on the Nigerian Health Care Sector: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Health worker migration from Nigeria poses significant challenges to the Nigerian health care sector and has far-reaching implications for health care systems globally. Understanding the factors driving migration, its effects on health care delivery, and potential policy interventions is critical for addressing this complex issue.

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively examine the factors encouraging the emigration of Nigerian health workers, map out the effects of health worker migration on the Nigerian health system, document the loss of investment in health training and education resulting from migration, identify relevant policy initiatives addressing migration, determine the effects of Nigerian health worker migration on destination countries, and identify the benefits and demerits to Nigeria of health worker migration.

Extremal structures with embedded prefailure indicators.

Preemptive identification of potential failure under loading of engineering structures is a critical challenge. Our study presents an innovative approach to design built-in prefailure indicators within multiscale structural designs with optimized load carrying capabilities utilizing the design freedom of topology optimization. The indicators are engineered to visibly signal load conditions approaching the global critical buckling load at predefined locations.

Stereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of α-CF-Allylboronic Acids with Diazoketones.

We have studied copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of chiral α-CF-substituted allylboronic acids with α-diazoketones. The reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity via allylic rearrangement. The method is useful for formation a new allylic C(sp)-C(sp) bond with high selectivity.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

Respiratory influence on cerebral blood flow and blood volume - A 4D flow MRI study.

Variations in cerebral blood flow and blood volume interact with intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, all of which play a crucial role in brain homeostasis. A key physiological modulator is respiration, but its impact on cerebral blood flow and volume has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we used 4D flow MRI in a population-based sample of 65 participants (mean age = 75 ± 1) to quantify these effects.

Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.

Extended receptor repertoire of an adenovirus associated with human obesity.

Human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-D36) has been putatively linked to obesity in animals and has been associated with obesity in humans in some but not all studies. Despite extensive epidemiological research there is limited information about its receptor profile. We investigated the receptor portfolio of HAdV-D36 using a combined structural biology and virology approach.

The PainSMART project: Protocol for a research program on effectiveness, mechanisms of effect and patient-practitioner experiences of the PainSMART-strategy as an adjunct to usual primary care physiotherapy management for musculoskeletal pain.

Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSKP) disorders entail a significant burden for individuals and healthcare systems. The PainSMART-strategy has been developed aiming to reduce divergences between patients and healthcare practitioners in their understanding of MSKP by providing a shared basis for communication and to facilitate patients' self-management of MSKP. The objective of the PainSMART-project is to evaluate the effects of the PainSMART-strategy as an adjunct to usual physiotherapy management compared to usual physiotherapy management alone.

Risk of childlessness in help-seeking men with Peyronie's disease-A Swedish longitudinal study.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a disorder of the penis that is associated with poor mental health, lowered psychosocial- and sexual wellbeing, which may increase the risk of childlessness in men affected by the disorder. Although this is an issue of significant clinical importance, it has not been addressed in research to date. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study based on data from Swedish national registers utilizing a large sample of help-seeking men with PD, along with matched subjects from the general population.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken carcasses and hygiene practises in informal urban markets in a low-income setting.

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most commonly reported foodborne diseases and is of particular importance in low-income countries. More data is needed to better understand the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in food sold at informal markets, where most people in low-income countries buy their food.

Net buffer load during regional citrate anticoagulated continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: Regionally anticoagulated continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate is the first choice for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. If citrate that reaches the patient exceeds the metabolic capacity, metabolic alkalosis will follow. Bicarbonate from the treatment fluids will also reach the patient and add to the bicarbonate load.

PiNN: Equivariant Neural Network Suite for Modeling Electrochemical Systems.

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion play increasingly important roles in electrification and sustainable development across the globe. A key challenge therein is to understand, control, and design electrochemical energy materials with atomistic precision. This requires inputs from molecular modeling powered by machine learning (ML) techniques.

Psychometric properties and post-hoc CAT analysis of the pediatric PROMIS® item banks anxiety and depressive symptoms in a combined Swedish Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and School sample.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the psychometric properties and reliability of the Swedish Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks for anxiety and depressive symptoms with item response theory analysis and post-hoc computerized adaptive testing in a combined Swedish Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) and school sample.

Methods: Participants (n = 928, age 12-20) were recruited from junior and high schools and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics in the region of Västerbotten. Unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity was tested.

Operationalizing the ICF Core Sets for Autism and ADHD: A Multiple-Methods Feasibility Study.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the World Health Organization's (WHO) standard for assessing individual functioning. Over the last decade, the ICF has been made more accessible for autism and ADHD through the development and validation of tailored shorter ICF versions for these diagnoses, ICF Core Sets. To further enhance their applicability in research and practice, these Core Sets have been operationalized and implemented on an online platform, the ICF CoreSets platform.

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for MRAs optimization in HFrEF: lessons learned from the REALIZE-K trial.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are a cornerstone of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), offering significant benefits in reducing mortality and hospitalizations. However, their use is often constrained by the risk of hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), two novel potassium binders, have emerged as highly effective and safe tools for managing hyperkalemia and enabling the optimization of MRA therapy.

European central hypoventilation syndrome consortium description of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome neonatal onset.

Unlabelled: It is known that in most cases of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), apnoeas and hypoventilation occur at birth. Nevertheless, a detailed description of initial symptoms, including pregnancy events and diagnostic tests performed, is warranted in infants with neonatal onset of CCHS, that is, in the first month of life. The European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Consortium created an online patient registry from which 97 infants (44 females) with CCHS of neonatal onset and PHOX2B mutation from 10 countries were selected.