Neighborhood income inequality, maternal relative deprivation and neonatal health in Sweden: A cross-sectional study using individually defined multi-scale contexts.

•Maternal relative deprivation is linked to intrauterine growth restriction.•Neighborhood income inequality is linked to fewer low Apgar scores in high-income mothers.•Findings support relative deprivation hypothesis over income inequality hypothesis.

promotes synchronous multiple primary lung cancer progression through apoptosis regulation.

Background: Dysbiosis of the lung microbiome can contribute to the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) is an increasingly recognized subtype of lung cancer characterized by high morbidity, difficulties in early detection, poor prognosis, and substantial clinical challenges. However, the relationship between sMPLC pathogenesis and changes in the lung microbiome remains unclear.

Investigating the Effect of Syringe Infiltration on (Tobacco).

Plant infiltration techniques, particularly agroinfiltration, have transformed plant science and biotechnology by enabling transient gene expression for genetic engineering of plants or genomic studies. Recently, the use of infiltration has expanded to introduce nanomaterials and polymers in plants to enable nonnative functionalities. Despite its wide use, the impact of the infiltration process on plant physiology needs to be better understood.

Effects of mosquito-proofing storm drains on adult and larvae mosquito abundance: Protocol of the IDAlErt storm drAin randomiSed controlled trial (IDEAS).

and mosquitoes, known for spreading arboviruses like dengue and West Nile, thrive in cities, posing health risks to urban populations. Climate change can create suitable climatic conditions for these vectors to spread further in Europe. Cities contain numerous landscape and infrastructure elements, such as storm drains, that allow stagnant water build-up facilitating mosquito breeding.

Somatic mutations and DNA methylation identify a subgroup of poor prognosis within lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Lower risk (LR) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic stem and progenitor disorders caused by the accumulation of somatic mutations in various genes including epigenetic regulators that may produce convergent DNA methylation patterns driving specific gene expression profiles. The integration of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic profiling has the potential to spotlight distinct LR-MDS categories on the basis of pathophysiological mechanisms. We performed a comprehensive study of somatic mutations and DNA methylation in a large and clinically well-annotated cohort of treatment-naive patients with LR-MDS at diagnosis from the EUMDS registry (ClinicalTrials.

The scope of emergency nursing viewed through the lens of complex adaptive systems: A discussion paper.

Across the world, emergency department nurses care for patients around the clock all year long. They perform tasks ranging from direct nursing care to managing patient flow, working in an environment characterised by interdependencies among numerous actors. The complex context in which emergency nurses operate has not been thoroughly described or discussed, indicating a knowledge gap.

Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Gene Expression Is Associated With High Infiltration of Stromal Cells and Immune Cells, but With Less Cancer Cell Proliferation and Better Overall Survival in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancers.

Background: Peritumoral lidocaine infiltration prior to excision is associated with better survival in breast cancer (BC), which led us to hypothesize that innervation to the tumor affects its biology and patient survival. Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) gene expression is known to be regulated by neuronal activity. Therefore, we studied the clinical relevance of ARC gene expression as a surrogate of neuronal activity in BC.

Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Is Associated With Worse Prognosis, but Better Response to Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) is a key inducer of angiogenesis, responsible for generating new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitating metastasis. Notably, Avastin, which targets VEGFA, failed to demonstrate any significant benefit in clinical trials for breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of gene expression in BC.

Unexplored avenues: a narrative review of cognition and mood in postmenopausal African women with female genital circumcision/mutilation/cutting.

Recent ageing research has projected the lifespan and proportion of postmenopausal women living in low- and middle-income countries to substantially increase over the years, especially on the African continent. An important subgroup within the African postmenopausal population is those with female genital circumcision/mutilation/cutting (FGC). Practised across 31 African nations, FGC holds cultural significance as it is deemed essential to marriage and successful womanhood.

Physicians', pharmacists', and nurses' education of patients about antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in primary care settings: a qualitative systematic literature review.

Background: Patients' adherence to antibiotic treatment and related prevention of AMR is significant. Understanding healthcare professionals' strategies for advising and educating patients in primary care settings is crucial.

Aim: From the perspectives of professionals and patients, to explore how physicians, pharmacists, and nurses educate patients about antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in primary care settings.

Impacts of Calculation Grid Spacing and Statistical Uncertainty of Monte Carlo Algorithm on Stereotactic Radiosurgery Planning With Volumetric-Modulated Arcs for Single Brain Metastases Using the Monaco® System.

Purpose In linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) utilizing a multileaf collimator (MLC) for brain metastases (BMs), a volumetric-modulated arc (VMA) technique is indispensable for generating a suitable dose distribution with efficient planning and delivery. However, the optimal calculation grid spacing (GS) and statistical uncertainty (SU) of the Monte Carlo algorithm for VMA optimization have yet to be determined. This planning study aimed to examine the impacts of GS and GU settings on VMA-based SRS planning and to find the optimal combination for templating.

Contesting crisis narratives amidst climatic breakdown: Climate change, mobility, and state-centric approaches to migration.

Human mobility in the context of climate change is often identified as one of the largest future impacts of the climate crisis. It is often assumed by international institutions and national governments that climate change will drive mass migration movements across borders, leading to a prioritization of research that aims to predict future climate migration to aid border security and the creation of migration policies. This article focuses on knowledge production research concerning around climate-related mobility and how knowledge being produced upholds state-centric approaches to migration and migration management.

Investigating the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates with salivary α-amylase.

Currently, little is known about how complex carbohydrates (maltodextrins) with varying degrees of polymerisation (DP) and molecular branching interact with α-amylase in human saliva and the associated amounts and structures of generated reducing sugars. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase and the subsequent reducing sugars generated with complex carbohydrate stimuli. A secondary aim was to investigate reducing sugar generation and complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity.

Estimating health state utilities for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCd) in the United States.

Background: AADCd is a rare neurometabolic disorder presenting in infancy. Children with AADCd have motor dysfunction and development delays that result in the need for lifelong care; quality of life is greatly impacted. Current characterizations of health-related quality of life and associated health state utilities (HSUs) may be underestimated in AADCd.

Association between white blood cell count and coronary artery bypass graft failure: an individual patient data analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Baseline systemic inflammation is associated with worse long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], but the mechanisms of this association are unclear. This study aims to explore the association between pre-operative white blood cell [WBC] count and CABG graft failure.

Methods: We pooled individual patient data from two randomized clinical trials with systematic CABG graft imaging.

Clinical benefits and risks of remote patient monitoring: an overview and assessment of methodological rigour of systematic reviews for selected patient groups.

Background: Remote patient monitoring implies continuous follow-up of health-related parameters of patients outside healthcare facilities. Patients share health-related data with their healthcare unit and obtain feedback (which may be automatically generated if data are within a predefined range). The goals of remote patient monitoring are improvements for patients and reduced healthcare costs.

Colorectal carcinogenesis in the Lynch syndromes and familial adenomatous polyposis: trigger events and downstream consequences.

Carcinogenesis encompasses processes that lead to increased mutation rates, enhanced cellular division (tumour growth), and invasive growth. Colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis in carriers of pathogenic APC (path_APC) and pathogenic mismatch repair gene (path_MMR) variants is initiated by a second hit affecting the corresponding wild-type allele. In path_APC carriers, second hits result in the development of multiple adenomas, with CRC typically emerging after an additional 20 years.

'Striving to achieve control'. Registered nurses' experiences of palliative care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative study.

Background: Providing quality palliative care during a pandemic was challenging. Both specialist and community healthcare services cared for patients that faced life-threatening illness and who were influenced by the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little knowledge has yet been provided on how registered nurses (RNs) experienced the palliative care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nursing approaches to self-care, self-management, and adaptation to illness.

Nursing approaches to self-care, self-management, and adaptation to illness encompass diverse strategies aimed at enhancing patient well-being and empowering chronic condition management. The BMC Nursing collection "Nursing Approaches to Self-Care, Self-Management, and Adaptation to Illness" invites research advancing knowledge and care quality in these areas.

Challenges and possibilities when doing research on active school travel interventions in a school setting - a non-randomized pilot study assessing feasibility of an evaluation design.

Background: A wide range of school interventions have been launched to increase childrens' physical activity. Evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions requires suitable study designs and feasible quantitative evaluations relating to the school setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the evaluation design and methods for data collection, in order to make decisions about approaching forthcoming studies of the effectiveness of active school travel (AST) interventions.

Survival in patients with CKD 3-5 after 12 months of exercise training - a post-hoc analysis of the RENEXC trial.

Background: Physical performance is low and physical activity declines in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both factors are associated with decreased survival. Our hypothesis was that improved physical performance after 12 months of exercise training would result in better survival in patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 not on kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Exercise capacity after long-term physical activity on prescription provided by physiotherapists.

Research has shown that physical activity on prescription (PAP), used in Swedish healthcare, increases patients' physical activity, but data are lacking regarding the long-term effects of PAP on exercise capacity. Therefor exercise capacity was evaluated in patients with metabolic risk factors, after 4.5 years of PAP treatment provided by physiotherapists in primary healthcare.

A STRONG call for intensive oral heart failure therapy in acute heart failure patients.

Heart failure (HF), a chronic and progressive disease, is increasing in prevalence worldwide and is associated with increased hospitalizations and death. Despite notable improvements in medical therapy for HF, patients are still at risk of future negative outcomes. Current guidelines recommend four classes of medication for treating patients with HF, deemed guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT).