Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct therapy to split thickness skin graft in burn patients with granulating raw wounds: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study-study protocol.

Background: Burn wounds are commonly encountered in clinical settings and the management aims at the prevention of mortality and morbidity due to disability. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is blood-derived biomaterial that is enriched with growth factors and cytokines that facilitate wound healing. The PRP has proven its efficacy in various other wounds, but its role in post-burn raw areas and graft take has not been validated.

Next stop - mental health: a qualitative study of healthcare journeys from the perspective of young adults in Sweden.

Background: Help-seeking for mental health problems is a complex process that involves handling both personal challenges and dealing with the organizational structure of the healthcare system. The healthcare system is siloed and fragmented, but it is unclear how the challenges are experienced by the young adults and what their healthcare journeys look like. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore experiences of young adults' healthcare journeys in the context of help-seeking for common mental health problems.

The value of whole-body MRI instead of only brain MRI in addition to 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the staging of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common neoplasm with poor prognosis in advanced stages. The clinical work-up in patients with locally advanced NSCLC mostly includes F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) because of its high sensitivity for malignant lesion detection; however, specificity is lower. Diverging results exist whether whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) improves the staging accuracy in advanced lung cancer.

Molecular determinants of response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer: exploratory analysis of the open-label, multicohort phase 1b KEYNOTE-173 study.

Background: The multicohort, open-label, phase 1b KEYNOTE-173 study was conducted to investigate pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This exploratory analysis evaluated features of the tumor microenvironment that might be predictive of response.

Methods: Cell fractions from 20 paired samples collected at baseline and after one cycle of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab prior to chemotherapy initiation were analyzed by spatial localization (tumor compartment, stromal compartment, or sum of tumor and stromal compartments [total tumor]) using three six-plex immunohistochemistry panels with T-cell, myeloid cell, and natural killer cell components.

Toward European harmonization of national myasthenia gravis registries: modified Delphi procedure-based expert consensus on collectable data.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder. Several new treatment concepts have emerged in recent years, but access to these treatments varies due to differing national reimbursement regulations, leading to disparities across Europe. This highlights the need for high-quality data collection by stakeholders to establish MG registries.

Subclassification of second-degree tears at delivery: creation and reported outcomes.

Background: Perineal tears at delivery are common. The current WHO classification system compacts all the varying extents of second-degree tears into one code. Some tears lead to long-term injuries.

A retrospective evaluation of the clinical monitoring period prior to referral for glaucoma surgery with the emphasis on visual field test results.

Purpose: To survey the monitoring of patients who underwent glaucoma surgery with the purpose of identifying routines possibly delaying the referral process.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study of the 2-year period prior to referral of a cohort of patients who underwent trabeculectomy or Xen® Gel Stent implantation at Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Sweden. Data were retrieved from medical records; variables of particular interest were related to intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and visual field (VF) tests.

Immunological biomarkers at birth and later risk of celiac disease.

Background: The role of immune cell profiles at birth in determining the risk of celiac disease (CD) development is currently unestablished. This study aimed to determine the associations between T- and B-cell profiles at birth and pediatric CD.

Methods: This regional cohort study analyzed prospectively collected dried blood spots from 158 children with CD (median 7 years old at CD diagnosis) and two matched comparators each (n = 316).

Incidence of non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in Sweden 1990-2015.

Background: Data on the incidence of Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) distal to the esophagus are scarce. This study aimed to examine the incidence of non-eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) EGID in Sweden, as well as its three entities; eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC).

Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study of individuals with incident biopsy-confirmed non-EoE EGID in Sweden from 1990 to 2015.

Genetic liability for anxiety and treatment response to the monoamine stabilizer OSU6162 in alcohol dependence: a retrospective secondary analysis.

Background: OSU6162, a monoamine stabilizer, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing alcohol and anxiety-related behaviors in preclinical settings. In a previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with alcohol dependence (AD), OSU6162 significantly reduced craving for alcohol but did not alter drinking behaviors. This retrospective secondary analysis explores whether genetic predispositions related to AD and associated traits might influence the response to OSU6162 treatment in original trial participants.

A systematic review of reviews on ventriculostomy related infection definitions: A fundamental problem.

Despite being a common, well-recognized and important complication to External Ventricular Drainage (EVD), a consensus definition for Ventriculostomy Related Infections (VRI) has not yet been established. We conducted a review to qualitatively assess definition heterogeneity and objectivity among Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); and investigated systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and reviews of the literature for definition citation accuracy and common methodological approaches and points of discussion related to VRI definitions. RCTs were grouped into arbitrarily chosen infection rate brackets to examine the hypothesized correlation between broader definitions and higher infection rates in RCTs.

Decompressive craniectomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: can favorable outcome be achieved?

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a last-tier treatment for managing refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), though concerns persist about whether it primarily prolongs survival in a state of severe disability. This study investigated patient characteristics, surgical indications, complications, and outcomes following DC in aSAH.

Methods: In this Swedish, retrospective multi-center study, 123 aSAH patients treated with DC between 2008-2022 were included.

The Touched Body and the Experience of Self.

Slow caressing of the skin activates C-tactile fibers in the periphery and the posterior insula cortex. Because of this, Bud Craig considered affective touch to be an interoceptive modality. Through the tactile sense, we perceive the border of our own body and the largest of our organs, the skin.

Fusion maturation over time in operated on adolescent idipathic scoliosis - a low dose CT study up to 5 years.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bony fusion with Low Dose CT (LDCT) over time following posterior scoliosis surgery in an all screw construct in patients with AIS with special focus on whether the spinal fusion process continue to develop beyond 2 years after scoliosis surgery and to evaluate if LDCT is an adequate radiological method to assess fusion maturation.

Methods: Twenty five consecutive patients with mean age 17 (range 13-24) were operated on during 2009-2010 with index diagnosis AIS. Two neuroradiologists used a LDCT protocol to independently evaluate the occurrence and degree of bony fusion at 2 years and 5 years after surgery (ankylosed facet joints).

Discovery of mono-ADP ribosylating toxins with high structural homology to Pseudomonas exotoxin A.

Mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase (mART) proteins are secreted virulence factors produced by several human pathogens, the founding member being diphtheria toxin (DT). Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also secrete a mART toxin, known as exotoxin A (PE), but with an organization of its three functional domains (receptor, translocation, and enzymatic elements) that is opposite to DT. Two additional PE-like toxins (PLTs) have been identified from Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila, suggesting more PLT family members may exist.

A clinical prostate biopsy dataset with undetected cancer.

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease showing variability both among individuals and within a patient. While most cases are indolent, aggressive tumors require early intervention. Accurately predicting tumor behavior is challenging, contributing to overdiagnosis but also undertreatment.

European trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management in clinical practice.

Background: Surveys conducted between 2015 and 2022 showed growing concern among European eye care practitioners about myopia management, though adoption of effective strategies varied. This study updates findings from 2024, analysing trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management across Europe from 2015 to 2024.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey targeting European eye care practitioners was distributed in multiple languages through professional bodies.

'When global health meets global goals': assessing the alignment between antimicrobial resistance and sustainable development policies in 10 African and Asian countries.

Background: Sustainable development goals (SDGs) may play a pivotal role in mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study examines how countries can integrate AMR mitigation with sustainable development strategies, providing evidence on the prioritisation of AMR-related efforts within both agendas.

Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of the international global action plan (GAP) and national action plan (NAP) on AMR and SDGs across 10 countries in Africa and Asia.

Concordance between the updated Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid immunoassays and amyloid positron emission tomography for Alzheimer's disease assessment: findings from the Apollo study.

Objectives: The Apollo study was designed to support the clinical performance verification of the adjusted cutoffs of the Elecsys β-Amyloid(1-42) (Aβ) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) II, β-Amyloid(1-40) (Aβ) CSF, Phospho-Tau (181P) (pTau) CSF and Total-Tau (tTau) CSF immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) for measuring fresh CSF samples, and assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF pTau/Aβ, tTau/Aβ and Aβ/Aβ ratios, as well as Aβ alone, with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) visual read status.

Methods: The primary study endpoint was to assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF ratios and Aβ alone with amyloid PET visual read status using fresh CSF samples collected from individuals with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, handled with a new routine-use pre-analytical procedure and measured with the Elecsys CSF immunoassays. The sample stability after 1- to 13-week storage at -20 °C was also investigated in an exploratory analysis.

Resident memory CD8(+) T cells dominate lymphoid immune cell population in human pancreatic islets in health and type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: In type 2 diabetes (T2D), beta cell failure is often associated with islet inflammation driven by the innate immune response, with macrophages playing a significant role. However, the composition and phenotype of lymphoid immune cells in the islets of individuals with T2D have not been extensively studied. This study aims to characterize and compare the presence, phenotype, and frequency of islet-associated lymphocytes-specifically T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells-in patients with T2D and non-diabetic organ donors.

Factors associated with the development of severe asthma - a nationwide study (FINASTHMA).

Background: Severe asthma presents a major challenge to healthcare and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients. Understanding on the factors predicting the development of severe asthma is limited.

Objective: This study aimed at characterizing patients with severe asthma and establishing risk factors for the development of severe asthma in a Finnish sample with a nationwide coverage of population, healthcare and drug register data.

Scaling-up symptom-agnostic, community-wide screening towards global tuberculosis elimination: opportunities, challenges and lessons from history.

There has been little change in global TB incidence in the 21 century. Although case notification has increased, millions of people with TB each year remain unreached. Recently there has been increased recognition that many people with undiagnosed, potentially infectious TB do not experience or report TB symptoms.