Associations of parental air pollution and greenness exposures with offspring asthma outcomes.

Background: Air pollution and greenness impact respiratory health, but intergenerational effects remain unclear.We investigated whether pre-conception parental residential exposure to air pollution and greenness at age 20-44 years is associated with offspring asthma outcomes in the Lifespan and inter-generational respiratory effects of exposures to greenness and air pollution (Life-GAP) project.

Methods: We analyzed data on 3684 RHINESSA study participants born after the year 1990 (mean age 19, standard deviation 4), offspring of 2689 RHINE study participants.

Hesitate to Resuscitate? A cohort study of hesitation to initiate resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrests.

Background: In the event of an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), the fundamental principle is to initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Lately, decisions on Do-not-attempt CPR (DNACPR) have received increasing attention which might affect the perception of medical staff in initiation of resuscitation.

Aim: To investigate to which extent medical staff hesitate to initiate CPR when arriving at an IHCA and to explore the factors influencing their hesitation.

A GPVI signalling defect in newly formed platelets generated in stress thrombopoiesis.

Background: Newly produced platelets are thought to be more functional than their older counterparts. However, recent work suggests that murine platelets formed following immune thrombocytopenia possess a transient glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling defect.

Objectives: In this study we explored if other models of stress thrombopoiesis would generate platelets that display a functional defect.

Haploinsufficiency of ITSN1 is associated with a substantial increased risk of Parkinson's disease.

Despite its significant heritability, the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely understood. Here, in analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 3,809 PD cases and 247,101 controls in the UK Biobank, we discover that protein-truncating variants in ITSN1 confer a substantially increased risk of PD (p = 6.1 × 10; odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 10.

Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of testicular germ cell cancer later in life.

Introduction: Exposure to environmental chemicals during fetal development may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC), but few studies have tested the hypothesis. We focused on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), previously investigated in relation to other male reproductive health outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 332 mother-son pairs, comprising 65 TGCC cases and 267 controls, identified from a Danish Pregnancy Screening Registry with biobanked serum samples collected from pregnant women in 1985-1995, when exposure to the studied chemicals was relatively high.

Scoping literature review to identify candidate domains for the OMERACT Systemic Lupus Erythematosus core outcome set.

Objective: To identify candidate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) domains from the literature for consideration towards the development of the SLE Core Outcome Set.

Methods: This was a comprehensive scoping literature review of SLE clinical trials and systematic reviews published since 2010. Studies were identified from 5 databases and were screened for eligibility.

A quantitative solar ultraviolet radiation job-exposure matrix for Europe.

Introduction: Outdoor workers are exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes skin cancer and is a risk factor for cataract and other short- and long-term health effects, but there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the exposure-response relations based on quantitative measures of UVR exposure. We developed a quantitative UVR job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the general working population of Europe.

Risk Factors in Elective Colon Surgery for the Elderly: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis From the Swedish Part of the International ERAS Database.

Background: The growing proportion of older individuals worldwide is anticipated to lead to an increase in the number of elderly patients requiring surgery for colon cancer. Consequently, it is crucial to identify specific risk factors for mortality and complications after colon surgery in this age group.

Methods: The Swedish part of the ERAS registry (EIAS) between 2009 and 2022 was used.

Antisecretory factor for treatment of peritumoral edema in glioblastoma patients.

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor often accompanied by a vasogenic peritumoral edema, which contributes to symptoms both at diagnosis and during later stages of the disease. Previous studies have suggested effectiveness of the endogenous protein, Antisecretory Factor (AF), in reducing the intracranial pressure in cytotoxic brain edema after trauma. Interestingly, AF also seems to carry antineoplastic effects in experimental GBM models.

Mental fatigue and cognitive functioning in patients presenting with non-enhancing gliomas.

Purpose: Patients with diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGG) often suffer from mental fatigue. In healthy subjects, mental fatigue has a negative impact on cognitive functioning. This relation may be more complex in LGG, where tumor localization and growth rate also impact brain function.

Designing Biobased Poly(ethylene--isosorbide terephthalate) Copolyesters with Tunable Properties and Degradability.

Production of high-performance polyesters with tailored degradability remains a challenge. Here, a series of poly(ethylene--isosorbide terephthalate) (PEIT) copolyesters were synthesized by varying the isosorbide (IS) content (0-20 mol %) using tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as the catalyst. By variation of the IS content, the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the copolyesters were effectively tailored.

'Traditional values' as a cure: The biopolitics of HIV in Putin's Russia.

This article examines the biopolitical dimensions of Russia's response to HIV within the ideological framework of 'traditional values' promoted by the Putin administration since the early 2010s. Through a discourse analysis of state-affiliated expert rhetoric and policy documents, the study elucidates how HIV has come to be framed as a moral, political, and national security threat, rather than a public health crisis. It argues that the Kremlin's turn to conservative, exclusionary frames has facilitated the externalisation of HIV as a problem resulting from the imposition of "Western" values and the "risky behaviour" these values allegedly promote.

Health professionals' experiences delivering an Interdisciplinary Nurse-coordinated SELf-MAnagement intervention for patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Purpose: The complex Interdisciplinary Nurse-coordinated SELf-MAnagement (INSELMA) intervention for patients with IA who experience substantial disease impact, was tested in a feasibility study. This study explored healthcare professionals' (HPs) experiences of delivering the intervention.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative longitudinal evaluation study was conducted based on four focus group interviews.

Maintaining the Integral Membrane Proteome: Revisiting the Functional Repertoire of Integral Membrane Proteases.

Cells in all kingdoms of life employ dedicated protein quality control machineries for both their cytosolic and membrane proteome ensuring cellular functionality. These crucial systems consist besides a large variety of molecular chaperones, ensuring a proper fold and consequently function of the client's proteome, of several proteases to clean out damaged, unfunctional and potentially toxic proteins. One of the key features underlying the functional cycle of these quality control systems is the inherent flexibility of their bound clients which for a long time impaired detailed structural characterization, with advanced high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in the last decade playing a key role contributing to the present understanding of their functional properties.

Selective changes in vasopressin neurons and astrocytes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of Prader-Willi syndrome subjects.

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) hosts the central circadian pacemaker and regulates daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. The SCN is composed of peptidergic neuron populations expressing arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), as well as glial cells. Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) commonly experience circadian disturbances, which are particularly evident in their sleep/wake patterns.

Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study in Western Sweden.

Aim: To develop and trial a method for estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in Sweden.

Methods: A school-based study with a full physical examination, including a dysmorphology assessment, neuropsychological testing, behavioural ratings, academic evaluation and maternal nutritional interview conducted as an add-on to the regular health check-up in 4th grade.

Results: Out of 348 eligible children, 223 participated.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) 1.5-5.

Aim: Examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) 1.5-5.

Methods: CBCL 1.

"Sleeping My Life Away": Experiences of Living with Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

Objectives: Individuals with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) report several subjective emotional and cognitive symptoms, as well as impairments in daily functioning. Coping strategies are frequently used, but their effectiveness is perceived to be minimal. The aim of the present study was to delve into the patient perspective on navigating life with IH, emphasizing patients' personal narratives.

Signal-Averaged ECG in the Diagnostic Workup for Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the Nordic ARVC Registry.

Background: The diagnostic role of signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) has lately been questioned. We assessed the value of SAECG-derived late ventricular potentials (LP) in ARVC diagnosis and its association with disease manifestations.

Methods And Results: Patients with definite ARVC diagnosis or genotype-positive family members who underwent SAECG were included in register-based observational study (n=357, mean age 41 years, 47% female, 43% probands).

Mediated effects of LIFE4YOUth-a mobile health intervention for multiple lifestyle behavior change among high school students in Sweden: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Digital interventions have been shown to improve adolescents' health behaviors. However, little is known about the mechanisms of change related to multiple risk behaviors in this population. This study aimed to estimate the natural direct and indirect effects of a digital intervention for multiple health behavior change in high school students.

Do empowerments influence experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)? A multi-continental study of women across low and lower-middle-income countries.

Background: Distinct regional variations are observed in terms of factors influencing intimate partner violence (IPV) when women are empowered. This is a noticeable gap, and no comprehensive studies explore these influencing factors across different continents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between women's empowerment, autonomy, and IPV across different continental regions.

School staff experiences on involvement in a co-creation process: a Health CASCADE scoping review and thematic synthesis.

Background: Implementing public health interventions in schools requires active involvement of multiple stakeholders and adaptation of interventions to fit local contexts, to account for successful design, implementation, and consequently effectiveness of these interventions. Active collaboration, preferably in a co-creation process, with school staff is needed to enhance the implementation of school-based public health interventions. However, involving them in research through a co-creation process is challenging due to competing demands on their time.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates the metastatic state of mesenchymal tumors.

Tumors often recapitulate programs to acquire invasive and dissemination abilities, during which pro-metastatic proteins are distinctively stabilized in cancer cells to drive further progression. Whether failed protein degradation affects the metastatic programs of cancer remains unknown. Here, we show that the human cancer cell-specific knockout (KO) of LAMP-2A, a limiting protein for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), promotes the aggressiveness of mesenchymal tumors.