Maternal peptidoglycan overexposure during late pregnancy alters neurodevelopment and behavior in juvenile offspring.

Emerging evidence suggests that maternal gut microbiota-derived metabolites and components influence fetal brain development and subsequent neurodevelopment. This study investigates the effects of maternal overexposure to muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-a bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) motif recognized by Nod2 receptors-on offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. Time-mated C57BL/6J female mice received MDP via drinking water from gestational days 16-19.

Survival trends of adults with congenital heart disease after heart surgery in Sweden.

Objective: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly. This study evaluated long-term mortality in patients who underwent childhood heart surgery and survived to adulthood.

Methods: Using Swedish national registries, we identified 24,774 adults with congenital heart disease born between 1970 and 1999 who were alive at 18 years.

PRISm is an important risk factor for development of COPD, also in non-smokers.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely underdiagnosed. Active case finding is crucial to establish preventive measures before manifestation of clinical disease. The significance of different spirometric patterns preceding COPD, especially Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), has been highlighted but is still unclear.

What factors are associated with surgical site infections after intracranial neurosurgical procedures? An exploratory register study.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after intracranial neurosurgical procedures derive from both endogenous and exogenous factors and are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and additional socio-economic costs. The addition of mobile laminar airflow (MLAF) units to the operating room ventilation decreases bacteria-carrying particles, but its influence on SSI incidence, and along with concurrence with other factors, is unclear. This is a continuation study of a previous study using MLAF units.

Time Trends and Sex Differences in Invasive Treatment of Infra-inguinal Intermittent Claudication in Sweden During 2009 - 2022: Results From the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc).

Objective: This study aimed to report changes in the annual incidence of invasive treatment, changes in invasive treatment modalities, and sex differences in patients treated for intermittent claudication (IC) due to infra-inguinal lesions in Sweden between 2009 and 2022.

Methods: Data were collected from the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc), including all registrations of invasive treatment for infra-inguinal IC in Sweden between 2009 and 2022.

Results: The annual incidence of invasive treatments showed no statistically significant change between 2009 and 2022 (p = .

Role and mechanism of IL-33 in bacteria infection related gastric cancer continuum: From inflammation to tumor progression.

Gastric cancer, a globally prevalent malignant tumor, is characterized by low early diagnosis rate, high metastasis rate, and poor prognosis, particularly in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as the primary risk factor for gastric cancer.

Brazilian Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I: Cross-cultural adaptation, criterion validity, and reliability.

Background: The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is a biaxial instrument used worldwide for TMD assessment.

Objective: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and assess the criterion validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the DC/TMD Axis I.

Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Axis I into Brazilian Portuguese followed the recommendations of the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology.

The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in stool: A prospective study of healthy preschool children in Sweden.

The study investigated the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 among healthy preschool children in two Swedish municipalities, a country where preschools remained uniquely opened throughout the pandemic. Stool samples were obtained from diapers collected at preschools in November-December 2021 and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, laboratory data concerning COVID-19 in the two regions were reviewed.

Nurses' experiences of providing digital and in-person healthcare support to children living with complex chronic conditions.

Objectives: To demonstrate how nurses in pediatric care provide information and maintain access to health care for children with complex chronic conditions utilizing e-health or in-person support methods.

Methods: The study involved 12 nurses/specialist nurses from the medical departments at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital in Gothenburg. A qualitative method was employed, using individual interviews with a semi-structured guide and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis method.

A multi-model approach to estimate excess mortality in the Nordics, 2020-2023.

Objectives: Excess mortality has been one of the commonly used measures of the population health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden share several health and socioeconomic characteristics but adopted different control measures and experienced varying degrees of case and hospitalization burden during the pandemic. Using mortality trends between 2001 and 2019 and a combination of models, we estimated and compared annual and monthly excess mortality in these countries nationally as well as stratified by age, sex and subnational regions between 2020 and 2023.

Does the land-use impact the risk of inducing antibiotic tolerance by heavy metal pollution?

The rise of antibiotic-resistant soil microbial communities is a critical global issue. Evidence suggests that heavy metals can select or co-select for tolerance to metals and antibiotics in soil bacteria, but it is unclear if this tolerance varies with land use. We tested the potential of bacterial communities to develop resistance to copper (Cu) or tetracycline (Tet) after amending soils from pristine forests, contaminated forests, and agricultural lands with 3000 mg kg Cu and 6000 mg kg tetracycline, separately.

The interactive application and impacts of iron/nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in distributed ponds for non-point source pollution control in a watershed.

The linkages of distributed ponds are utilized in conjunction with one another to remediate non-point source (NPS) pollution in a water-scarce basin. This study provides an overview of a state-of-the-art thorough evaluation of ponds, which offers insight into the majority of topics covered by the ongoing scientific studies, including their various functions and factors affecting their functioning on the hydrological, physicochemical, and biological processes, such as environmental climate factors and basin-specific landscape configuration parameters, as well as process parameters for design, operation and management aspects. The linkages of ponds provide a variety of sustainable services (6R functions), such as resources, restoration, reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery.

Cellular heterogeneity in metabolism and associated microbiome of a non-model phytoflagellate.

Single-cell transcriptomics is a key tool for unravelling metabolism and tissue diversity in model organisms. Its potential for elucidating the ecological roles of microeukaryotes, especially non-model ones, remains largely unexplored. This study employed the Smart-seq2 protocol on Ochromonas triangulata, a microeukaryote lacking a reference genome, showcasing how transcriptional states align with two distinct growth phases: a fast-growing phase and a slow-growing phase.

Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: While pharmacologic interventions remain the mainstay of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, alternative approaches such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have drawn attention for their potential in managing PD symptoms.

Objective: We aimed to conduct a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of VNS for motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant journal articles published up to October 2024.

Net albumin leakage in patients in the ICU with suspected sepsis. A prospective analysis using mass balance calculations.

Introduction: Albumin kinetics in septic shock have been extensively studied, but clinical recommendations remain weak. An increased transcapillary escape rate (TER) of albumin has been demonstrated, though TER does not account for lymphatic return. Mass balance calculations, considering lymphatic return, have been used to assess net albumin leakage (NAL) in major surgery but not in sepsis.

Statin use and risk of breast cancer among women with benign breast disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study.

Background: Statins have been suggested to protect against breast cancer risk, but the observational evidence is inconclusive. We examined the association between statin use and breast cancer incidence among women at higher risk of breast cancer due to a history of benign breast disease (BBD).

Methods: Using Danish registries, we identified cancer-free women aged ≥50 years during 1996-2018 with a history of BBD and no prior statin prescriptions.

A Review of Heterogeneity in Comparative Economic Analysis, with Specific Considerations for the Decentralized US Setting and Patient-Centered Care.

Patient-centered care emphasizes individual preferences, but insurer coverage decisions-based on population-level evidence-may restrict treatment options for patients who differ from the average. This highlights the importance of considering heterogeneity, which refers to differences in health and cost outcomes that are systematically linked to variations in factors like patient characteristics, insurer policies, and provider practices. Failing to account for heterogeneity in economic evaluations can lead to suboptimal decisions, inferior outcomes, and inefficiency.

Self-supervised learning reveals clinically relevant histomorphological patterns for therapeutic strategies in colon cancer.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) automates the extraction and interpretation of histopathology features on unannotated hematoxylin-eosin-stained whole slide images (WSIs). We train an SSL Barlow Twins encoder on 435 colon adenocarcinoma WSIs from The Cancer Genome Atlas to extract features from small image patches (tiles). Leiden community detection groups tiles into histomorphological phenotype clusters (HPCs).

Machine learning to detect Alzheimer's disease with data on drugs and diagnoses.

Background: Integrating machine learning with medical records offers potential for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), enabling timely interventions.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning in constructing a predictive model for AD, designed to predict AD with data up to three years before diagnosis. Using clinical data, including prior diagnoses and medical treatments, we sought to enhance sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic procedures.

Feasibility of repeated on-demand smartphone app-based approximation of time spent with atrial fibrillation and symptoms in patients after catheter ablation: Data from the ISOLATION study.

Background: The preferred outcome after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is reducing AF burden, reflected by time spent with AF. Digital tools provide novel strategies to approximate time spent with AF.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of repeated on-demand heart rhythm and symptom monitoring and analyze time spent with AF and symptoms over 12 months after AF ablation.