Sustainable and scalable one-pot synthesis of diaryliodonium salts.

Two one-pot routes from iodoarenes to diaryliodonium triflates have been developed in the sustainable solvent ethyl acetate. The first method yields the recently reported aryl(dimethylisoxazolyl)iodonium triflates, circumventing the need for stepwise synthesis of this chemoselective arylating reagent. The second method gives other types of diaryliodonium salts, and the scalability of the protocols was exhibited with two >45 mmol scale-ups with impressively low -factors.

Surface-based versus voxel-based finite element head models: comparative analyses of strain responses.

Finite element (FE) models of the human head are important injury assessment tools but developing a high-quality, hexahedral-meshed FE head model without compromising geometric accuracy is a challenging task. Important brain features, such as the cortical folds and ventricles, were captured only in a handful of FE head models that were primarily developed from two meshing techniques, i.e.

Combination treatment with anti-RANKL and antibiotics for preventing joint destruction in septic arthritis.

Septic arthritis, the most severe joint disease, is frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A substantial proportion of patients with septic arthritis experience poor joint outcomes, often necessitating joint replacement surgery.

Sexual orientation differences in mental health service use and unmet mental health care needs: a cross-sectional population-based study of young adults.

Purpose: This study aims to examine sexual orientation differences in mental health services use and unmet mental health care needs, and to explore associated sociodemographic factors in a populational-based sample of Swedish young adults (aged 18-34).

Methods: Data from the Pathways to Longitudinally Understanding Stress (PLUS) study were used (2019, N = 2,126, participation rate of 37.8%).

Mobile Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes and Interactive Support During Breast and Prostate Cancer Treatment: Health Economic Evaluation From Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Digital interventions for supportive care during cancer treatment incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) can enhance early detection of symptoms and facilitate timely symptom management. However, economic evaluations are needed.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a cost-utility analysis of an app for ePRO and interactive support from the perspective of the payer (Region Stockholm Health Care Organization) and to explore its impact on patient health care utilization and costs.

Sex Differences in Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer Disease Pathology Across Ancestries.

Importance: Age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are the strongest risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). The role of APOE in AD varies with sex and ancestry. While the association of APOE with AD biomarkers also varies across sex and ancestry, no study has systematically investigated both sex-specific and ancestry differences of APOE on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers together, resulting in limited insights and generalizability.

A Pragmatic Approach to Handling Censored Data Below the Lower Limit of Quantification in Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Proper handling of data below the lower limit of quantification (BLQ) is crucial for accurate pharmacokinetic parameter estimation. The M3 method proposed by Beal uses a likelihood-based approach that is precise but has been reported to suffer from numerical issues in converging. Common alternatives include ignoring the BLQs (M1), imputing half of the lower limit of quantification and ignoring trailing BLQs (M6) or imputing zero (M7).

Women's desire to have a midwife they know during labor and birth has increased significantly over time.

Background: In Sweden, women often meet with different midwives during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care, due to the structure of maternity care, with few alternatives which provide continuity. This study aims to explore women's interest in having a midwife they know present during labor and birth and to identify the characteristics of women who prefer this option.

Methods: A comparative study was conducted involving two Swedish nationwide cohorts of Swedish-speaking pregnant women.

PopGLen-A Snakemake pipeline for performing population genomic analyses using genotype likelihood-based methods.

Summary: PopGLen is a Snakemake workflow for performing population genomic analyses within a genotype-likelihood framework, integrating steps for raw sequence processing of both historical and modern DNA, quality control, multiple filtering schemes, and population genomic analysis. Currently, the population genomic analyses included allow for estimating linkage disequilibrium, kinship, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, population structure, inbreeding, and allele frequencies. Through Snakemake, it is highly scalable, and all steps of the workflow are automated, with results compiled into an HTML report.

Physical activity levels and associated biopsychosocial characteristics among attendees to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Aim: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) reduces morbidity and mortality after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Little is known about physical activity levels at exCR program completion and associated demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the ongoing Keep-Up-Going study was used, including 100 participants with recent ACS and >80% attendance to 3 months supervised exCR program.

Genomic Insights Into the Origin, Decline and Recovery of the Once Critically Endangered Iberian Lynx.

The Iberian lynx was at the brink of extinction by the year 2000 but has since then, and thanks to intensive conservation measures, gone through a remarkable recovery, providing a much-welcomed and encouraging conservation success story. Genetic issues have probably contributed to the decline in the past, and the genetic management of inbreeding and genetic diversity is likely contributing to its recent recovery. The species was an early adopter of genetic and genomic approaches, and the combination of an extreme decline, an intensive monitoring and management programme and extensive genomic resources and data makes the Iberian lynx an excellent model for conservation genomics.

Deficiency in peptidoglycan recycling promotes β-lactam sensitivity in .

Peptidoglycan (PG)-modifying enzymes play a crucial role in cell wall remodeling, essential for growth and division. Cell wall degradation products are transported to the cytoplasm and recycled back in most gram-negative bacteria, and PG recycling is also linked to β-lactam resistance in many bacteria. is intrinsically resistant to β-lactams.

Metal preference of glyoxalase II, a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study.

The catalytic activity of the binuclear glyoxalase II (GlxII) enzyme is closely linked to the type and charge of metal ions in its active site. Using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, we investigated the reaction mechanism of human GlxII, which features two Zn(II) ions in its active site. By systematically replacing these Zn(II) ions with Fe(II), Fe(III), or Co(II), we evaluated the impact of metal substitutions on reaction energetics and active-site geometry.

Safety and efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in preterm infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Although physiological reflux is seen in nearly all newborns to varying degrees, symptoms can be severe and cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In preterm infants, one symptom that is often attributed to GERD is apnea and associated cardiorespiratory events, such as bradycardia and oxygen desaturation. Although the relationship between GERD and apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation events remains a subject of ongoing investigation, trials of agents that reduce gastric acidity, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPI), have been conducted to assess the effect of these agents on GERD.

Additional Operations Following Sacroiliac Joint Fusions: A Minimum 3-year Follow-up Cohort Study of Patients Operated for Chronic Sacroiliac Joint Pain.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected registry data.

Objective: To examine the subsequent pattern of surgeries and outcome of sacroiliac joint fusions (SJF) in patients previously operated in the lumbar spine as well as those scheduled for primary SJF.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with SI joint pain often have a history of previous back surgery, but it is unclear how often patients require back surgery after SI-joint fusion.

Vasomotor and fibrinolytic effects of leptin in man.

The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear but may relate to effects on the vascular endothelium. Our aim was to explore the effects of leptin on endothelial vasomotor and fibrinolytic function in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary artery disease.

Consensus statements on end-of-life care in ICU - A Scandinavian multidisciplinary Delphi study.

Background: End-of-life care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is complex, requiring a balance of ethical, cultural and medical considerations while ensuring comfort and dignity for critically ill patients and their families.

Aim: We aimed to develop a set of core domains for end-of-life care at Scandinavian ICUs along with corresponding consensus statements from patients, families and multidisciplinary experts.

Methods: In a three-round Delphi study, a multidisciplinary advisory board from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Denmark, including ICU physicians, ICU nurses, palliative care specialists and a former ICU patient and family, developed potential end-of-life care domains of interest.

Epidural analgesia during esophagectomy and esophageal cancer prognosis: A population-based nationwide study in Finland.

Background: The use of epidural analgesia has been proposed to improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer by attenuating the stress response and being less immunosuppressive than opioids. This study aims to evaluate the association, if any, between non-epidural pain management compared to epidural analgesia during minimally invasive or open esophagectomy and esophageal cancer prognosis.

Materials And Methods: This was a population-based nationwide retrospective cohort study in Finland, using the Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO).

Acute kidney injury after lung transplantation, incidence, risk factors, and effects: A Swedish nationwide study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after lung transplantation, but the reported incidence varies in the literature. No data on AKI have been published from the Swedish lung transplantation program.

Methods: The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence, perioperative risk factors, and effects of early postoperative acute kidney injury (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes [KDIGO] criteria) after lung transplantation.

NTRK protein expression in NSCLC and its clinicopathological correlation.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex disease with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics. Since the discovery of the oncogenic neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion in colorectal cancer in 1986, its understanding has gradually progressed. NTRK's relevance is crucial to understanding some tumor development and how specific tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors (TRKI) work.

Combined Loss of Obsc and Obsl1 in Murine Hearts Results in Diastolic Dysfunction, Altered Metabolism, and Deregulated Mitophagy.

Background: Muscle proteins of the obscurin protein family play important roles in sarcomere organization and sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubule architecture and function. However, their precise molecular functions and redundancies between protein family members as well as their involvement in cardiac diseases remain to be fully understood.

Methods: To investigate the functional roles of Obsc (obscurin) and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) in the heart, we generated and analyzed knockout mice for , , as well as double knockouts.

Large-scale evidence of a general disease ('') factor accounting for both mental and physical health disorders in different age groups.

Background: It is unknown whether there is a general factor that accounts for the propensity for both physical and mental conditions in different age groups and how it is associated with lifestyle and well-being.

Methods: We analyzed health conditions data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) (age = 17; N = 19,239), the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (age = 44; N = 9293), and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (age ≥ 50; N = 7585). The fit of three Confirmatory Factor models was used to select the optimal solution by Comparative Fit Index, Tucker-Lewis Index, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.

Definitions, Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease Patients with Permanent Ileostomy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Over 10% of patients with Crohn's disease require permanent ileostomy. We aimed to summarize the existing data on diagnosis, definitions of recurrence, and management of Crohn's disease patients with permanent ileostomy.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to February 6, 2024.

Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates free radical generation without inducing substantial oxidative stress in human granulosa cells.

Study Question: Does FSH induce free radical generation with substantial oxidative damage in human cumulus granulosa cells (cGCs) and mural granulosa cells (mGCs)?

Summary Answer: FSH of both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations induced free radical generation on subcellular levels, most notably in the mitochondria, while the elevated free radical load caused neglectable oxidative damage in both cGCs and mGCs.

What Is Known Already: FSH is fundamental for regulation of granulosa cell (GC) function and oocyte maturation, during which a physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential, while excessive amounts lead to oxidative damage. Potential adverse effects of high FSH doses on GCs may be mediated by ROS.