Incidence of non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in Sweden 1990-2015.

Background: Data on the incidence of Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) distal to the esophagus are scarce. This study aimed to examine the incidence of non-eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) EGID in Sweden, as well as its three entities; eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC).

Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study of individuals with incident biopsy-confirmed non-EoE EGID in Sweden from 1990 to 2015.

Genetic liability for anxiety and treatment response to the monoamine stabilizer OSU6162 in alcohol dependence: a retrospective secondary analysis.

Background: OSU6162, a monoamine stabilizer, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing alcohol and anxiety-related behaviors in preclinical settings. In a previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with alcohol dependence (AD), OSU6162 significantly reduced craving for alcohol but did not alter drinking behaviors. This retrospective secondary analysis explores whether genetic predispositions related to AD and associated traits might influence the response to OSU6162 treatment in original trial participants.

A systematic review of reviews on ventriculostomy related infection definitions: A fundamental problem.

Despite being a common, well-recognized and important complication to External Ventricular Drainage (EVD), a consensus definition for Ventriculostomy Related Infections (VRI) has not yet been established. We conducted a review to qualitatively assess definition heterogeneity and objectivity among Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); and investigated systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and reviews of the literature for definition citation accuracy and common methodological approaches and points of discussion related to VRI definitions. RCTs were grouped into arbitrarily chosen infection rate brackets to examine the hypothesized correlation between broader definitions and higher infection rates in RCTs.

Decompressive craniectomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: can favorable outcome be achieved?

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a last-tier treatment for managing refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), though concerns persist about whether it primarily prolongs survival in a state of severe disability. This study investigated patient characteristics, surgical indications, complications, and outcomes following DC in aSAH.

Methods: In this Swedish, retrospective multi-center study, 123 aSAH patients treated with DC between 2008-2022 were included.

The Touched Body and the Experience of Self.

Slow caressing of the skin activates C-tactile fibers in the periphery and the posterior insula cortex. Because of this, Bud Craig considered affective touch to be an interoceptive modality. Through the tactile sense, we perceive the border of our own body and the largest of our organs, the skin.

Fusion maturation over time in operated on adolescent idipathic scoliosis - a low dose CT study up to 5 years.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bony fusion with Low Dose CT (LDCT) over time following posterior scoliosis surgery in an all screw construct in patients with AIS with special focus on whether the spinal fusion process continue to develop beyond 2 years after scoliosis surgery and to evaluate if LDCT is an adequate radiological method to assess fusion maturation.

Methods: Twenty five consecutive patients with mean age 17 (range 13-24) were operated on during 2009-2010 with index diagnosis AIS. Two neuroradiologists used a LDCT protocol to independently evaluate the occurrence and degree of bony fusion at 2 years and 5 years after surgery (ankylosed facet joints).

Discovery of mono-ADP ribosylating toxins with high structural homology to Pseudomonas exotoxin A.

Mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase (mART) proteins are secreted virulence factors produced by several human pathogens, the founding member being diphtheria toxin (DT). Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also secrete a mART toxin, known as exotoxin A (PE), but with an organization of its three functional domains (receptor, translocation, and enzymatic elements) that is opposite to DT. Two additional PE-like toxins (PLTs) have been identified from Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila, suggesting more PLT family members may exist.

A clinical prostate biopsy dataset with undetected cancer.

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease showing variability both among individuals and within a patient. While most cases are indolent, aggressive tumors require early intervention. Accurately predicting tumor behavior is challenging, contributing to overdiagnosis but also undertreatment.

European trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management in clinical practice.

Background: Surveys conducted between 2015 and 2022 showed growing concern among European eye care practitioners about myopia management, though adoption of effective strategies varied. This study updates findings from 2024, analysing trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management across Europe from 2015 to 2024.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey targeting European eye care practitioners was distributed in multiple languages through professional bodies.

'When global health meets global goals': assessing the alignment between antimicrobial resistance and sustainable development policies in 10 African and Asian countries.

Background: Sustainable development goals (SDGs) may play a pivotal role in mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study examines how countries can integrate AMR mitigation with sustainable development strategies, providing evidence on the prioritisation of AMR-related efforts within both agendas.

Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of the international global action plan (GAP) and national action plan (NAP) on AMR and SDGs across 10 countries in Africa and Asia.

Concordance between the updated Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid immunoassays and amyloid positron emission tomography for Alzheimer's disease assessment: findings from the Apollo study.

Objectives: The Apollo study was designed to support the clinical performance verification of the adjusted cutoffs of the Elecsys β-Amyloid(1-42) (Aβ) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) II, β-Amyloid(1-40) (Aβ) CSF, Phospho-Tau (181P) (pTau) CSF and Total-Tau (tTau) CSF immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) for measuring fresh CSF samples, and assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF pTau/Aβ, tTau/Aβ and Aβ/Aβ ratios, as well as Aβ alone, with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) visual read status.

Methods: The primary study endpoint was to assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF ratios and Aβ alone with amyloid PET visual read status using fresh CSF samples collected from individuals with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, handled with a new routine-use pre-analytical procedure and measured with the Elecsys CSF immunoassays. The sample stability after 1- to 13-week storage at -20 °C was also investigated in an exploratory analysis.

Resident memory CD8(+) T cells dominate lymphoid immune cell population in human pancreatic islets in health and type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: In type 2 diabetes (T2D), beta cell failure is often associated with islet inflammation driven by the innate immune response, with macrophages playing a significant role. However, the composition and phenotype of lymphoid immune cells in the islets of individuals with T2D have not been extensively studied. This study aims to characterize and compare the presence, phenotype, and frequency of islet-associated lymphocytes-specifically T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells-in patients with T2D and non-diabetic organ donors.

Factors associated with the development of severe asthma - a nationwide study (FINASTHMA).

Background: Severe asthma presents a major challenge to healthcare and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients. Understanding on the factors predicting the development of severe asthma is limited.

Objective: This study aimed at characterizing patients with severe asthma and establishing risk factors for the development of severe asthma in a Finnish sample with a nationwide coverage of population, healthcare and drug register data.

Scaling-up symptom-agnostic, community-wide screening towards global tuberculosis elimination: opportunities, challenges and lessons from history.

There has been little change in global TB incidence in the 21 century. Although case notification has increased, millions of people with TB each year remain unreached. Recently there has been increased recognition that many people with undiagnosed, potentially infectious TB do not experience or report TB symptoms.

Genome-scale resources in the infant gut symbiont Bifidobacterium breve reveal genetic determinants of colonization and host-microbe interactions.

Bifidobacteria represent a dominant constituent of human gut microbiomes during infancy, influencing nutrition, immune development, and resistance to infection. Despite interest in bifidobacteria as a live biotic therapy, our understanding of colonization, host-microbe interactions, and the health-promoting effects of bifidobacteria is limited. To address these major knowledge gaps, we used a large-scale genetic approach to create a mutant fitness compendium in Bifidobacterium breve.

Sensorimotor function: Muscle spindle macrophages in the loop.

Motor coordination relies on muscle spindles and the stretch reflexes they enable. A new study shows that spindle-resident macrophages can drive sensory signaling and muscle contraction. This implicates immune cells in a process considered the exclusive domain of neuromuscular systems.

SUMO style defense: How post-translational modification via SUMO conjugation promotes plant defense.

SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification that contributes to various biological processes in plants. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Zhang et al. show that covalent attachment of SUMO to PROPEP proteins promotes their proteolytic cleavage by metacaspase to release small signaling peptides (plant elictor peptides [PEPs]), triggering the release of the mature peptide in response to cell wall damage.

Second booster doses of adenoviral- and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines increase protection against COVID-19 hospitalization: Final analysis from the REFORCO-Brazil real-world effectiveness study during Omicron.

Background: Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required to maintain protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world evidence from South America, needed to inform optimal vaccination strategies, is lacking. Herein, we present the final analysis of REFORCO-Brazil, a large-scale assessment of relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of second boosters (vs first boosters) against hospitalization with COVID-19.

Video Head Impulse Test in Survivors From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: New Perspectives for Implementation of Assessment in Rehabilitation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate vestibular function by instrumental assessment of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) in survivors from severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and analyze related clinical characteristics and functional balance scales.

Setting: This study was conducted on inpatients accepted at Santa Lucia Foundation-Neurorehabilitation Hospital for Research and Healthcare (Rome, Italy), from January to September 2023.

Participants: Twenty-one survivors from sTBI with a median age of 48 years (IQR = 27) were included in this study, recruited through the neurorehabilitation services.

Direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and person-years of life lost with and without disability: A systematic analysis for 18 European countries, 2020-2022.

Background: The direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost with and without disability remain unclear. Accounting for pre-pandemic trends in morbidity and mortality, we assessed these impacts in 18 European countries, for the years 2020-2022.

Methods And Findings: We used multi-state Markov modeling based on several data sources to track transitions of the population aged 35 or older between eight health states from disease-free, combinations of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, and disability, through to death.

Characterizing the genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium knowlesi in Aceh Province, Indonesia.

As in other parts of Southeast Asia, efforts to achieve or sustain malaria elimination in Indonesia have been threatened by the emergence of human infection with the primate species P. knowlesi. To understand the transmission dynamics of this species, investigation of P.