Comparative effectiveness of bictegravir versus dolutegravir, raltegravir, and efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy among treatment-naïve individuals with HIV.

Objective: Bictegravir or dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy are first-line HIV treatments. However, no trial has recruited enough participants to estimate the most effective treatment, and there is little evidence on the comparative effectiveness of bictegravir and other available antiretrovirals, like efavirenz and raltegravir.

Methods: We emulated a four-arm target trial using country-wide data from Mexico.

Preterm birth and risk of bone fractures during childhood and early adulthood.

People born preterm have reduced bone mineral density, subnormal peak bone mass, and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Whether this translates to increased risk of bone fractures is uncertain. We assessed fracture risk from childhood to early adulthood in relation to gestational age and sex by conducting a nationwide register-linkage cohort study comprising all 223 615 liveborn (1/1987- 9/1990) singletons (9161, 4.

High-consistency modification of cellulose fibers: Resource-efficient introduction of cationic charges, and their effect on fiber and nanofibril properties.

Quaternized cellulose fibers and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are attractive candidates for the development of new renewable and biodegradable materials. However, the etherification reaction, through which functionalization is commonly achieved, provides low efficiencies, limiting industrial interest in the modification. This work primarily aims to increase the efficiency for the quaternization of cellulosic fibers while keeping the fiber-structure intact.

Bioactive arabinoxylan oligomers via colonic fermentation and enzymatic catalysis: Evidence of interaction with toll-like receptors from in vitro, in silico and functional analysis.

Dietary fibers (DF) from plant-based foods promote health benefits through their physicochemical properties and fermentation by the gut microbiota, often studied in relation to changes in gut microbiota profile and production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Here, we characterized structural motifs (i.e.

Systolic blood pressure response during exercise testing in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis.

Aims: Exercise testing remains underused in patients with aortic stenosis (AS), partly due to concerns about an exercise-induced drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP). We aimed to study the SBP response to exercise in patients with severe symptomatic AS prior to surgery and 1 year postoperatively.

Methods: Patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement due to severe symptomatic AS were enrolled at a single centre in a prospective observational cohort study.

Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) for transforming health data collection and surveillance in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region: tool development protocol with embedded process evaluation.

Introduction: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterised by major health disparities and complex migration flows. Yet, because of a lack of epidemiological data, there is an urgent need to strengthen routine data collection around migrant health and to define key indicators towards migrant health monitoring. To address this problem, we aim to design and pilot test the Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) which can collate country-level data collection around migration health data, policies and healthcare provision.

Persistently different patterns of patient's global assessment of health in rheumatoid arthritis are associated with pain and impaired function more than with inflammation: an inception cohort study over 15 years.

Objective: To assess patient's self-reported global assessment of health (PGA) in relation to inflammation, pain and disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Data were obtained from the Better Anti-Rheumatic PharmacOTherapy early RA cohort, in which patients were scheduled for follow-up of 15 years. Longitudinal PGA trajectories were identified using hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedure with Wards methods, based on PGA assessments during the first 2 years.

Risk of renal complications and death in young and middle-aged Swedes with parental type 1 diabetes: a nation-wide, prospective cohort study.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate if individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes having a parent with the same condition (parental diabetes) had worse metabolic control and an increased risk of death and renal failure compared with those with parents without type 1 diabetes (sporadic diabetes).

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, including cases with onset of type 1 diabetes before the age of 15 and recorded between 1977 and 2010. The cohort was linked to national registers to compare mortality, renal failure, and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) levels.

Comprehensive Genome Profiling for Treatment Decisions in Patients with Metastatic Tumors: Real-World Evidence Meta-Analysis and Registry Data Implementation.

Background: Although precision oncology has rapidly been developed in recent years, its real-world impact and challenges in healthcare implementation remain underexplored. Through a meta-analysis of real-world evidence (RWE), we aimed at investigating the applicability and clinical impact of comprehensive cancer genome profiling (CGP) in cancer patients with metastatic solid tumors.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for RWE studies on CGP and matched therapies in metastatic solid tumors (publication period: 2012-2023).

Adaptive Just-in-Time Intervention to Reduce Everyday Stress Responses: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Personalized approaches to behavior change to improve mental and physical health outcomes are needed. Reducing the intensity, duration, and frequency of stress responses is a mechanism for interventions to improve health behaviors. We developed an ambulatory, dynamic stress measurement approach that can identify personalized stress responses in the moments and contexts in which they occur; we propose that intervening in these stress responses as they arise (ie, just in time; JIT) will result in positive impacts on health behaviors.

Exploring risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns associated with bacteriuria among Syrian refugees in makeshift camps.

Background: The health and well-being of refugees are critically compromised by harsh living conditions, which foster the emergence of infectious diseases and the misuse of antimicrobial agents. This multicentre cross-sectional community-based study investigated the prevalence of urine carriage of bacteria and the associated antimicrobial resistance patterns among Syrian refugees living in makeshift camps in Lebanon, an East Mediterranean country.

Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify the risk factors associated with bacteriuria in this vulnerable population.

The Epstein-Barr virus deubiquitinase BPLF1 regulates stress-induced ribosome UFMylation and reticulophagy.

The synthesis of membrane and secreted proteins is safeguarded by an endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosome quality control (ER-RQC) that promotes the disposal of defective translation products by the proteasome or via a lysosome-dependent pathway involving the degradation of portions of the ER by macroautophagy (reticulophagy). The UFMylation of RPL26 on ER-stalled ribosomes is essential for activating the ER-RQC and reticulophagy. Here, we report that the viral deubiquitinase (vDUB) encoded in the N-terminal domain of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) large tegument protein BPLF1 hinders the UFMylation of RPL26 on ribosomes that stall at the ER, promotes the stabilization of ER-RQC substrates, and inhibits reticulophagy.

Long waves of alcohol consumption and the sustainable development goals.

Though the United Nations deals with its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in blocs of 15 years at a time, "sustainable" indicates a longer-term focus, aiming at steady human progress, including in public health and welfare. But the alcohol history in many countries shows "long waves" of consumption, repetitively rising, then falling, then rising again. Underlying this dynamic are competing interests pushing in opposite directions.

High voltage selective fragmentation on Swedish mineral fraction of incineration bottom ash (MIBA) - An exploratory study on metal and material recovery.

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) generates circa 1 Mt/y of Mineral fraction of Incineration Bottom Ash (MIBA) in Sweden, often used as construction material for landfills. Upcoming European Commission directives will limit landfilling and the demand for MIBA for landfill construction is predicted to decrease. Therefore, alternative utilisations of MIBA are required.

Validation of a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation engine including the 1.5 T magnetic field for independent dose-check in MRgRT.

Purpose: Adaptive MRgRT by 1.5 T MR-linac requires independent verification of the plan-of-the-day by the primary TPS (Monaco) (M). Here we validated a Monte Carlo-based dose-check including the magnetostatic field, SciMoCa (S).

Proton arc therapy plan optimization with energy layer pre-selection driven by organ at risk sparing and delivery time.

Objective: As proton arc therapy (PAT) approaches clinical implementation, optimizing treatment plans for this innovative delivery modality remains challenging, especially in addressing arc delivery time. Existing algorithms for minimizing delivery time are either optimal but computationally demanding or fast but at the expense of sacrificing many degrees of freedom. In this study, we introduce a flexible method for pre-selecting energy layers (EL) in PAT treatment planning before the actual robust spot weight optimization.

Syn2Real: synthesis of CT image ring artifacts for deep learning-based correction.

We strive to overcome the challenges posed by ring artifacts in X-ray computed tomography (CT) by developing a novel approach for generating training data for deep learning-based methods. Training such networks require large, high quality, datasets that are often generated in the data domain, time-consuming and expensive. Our objective is to develop a technique for synthesizing realistic ring artifacts directly in the image domain, enabling scalable production of training data without relying on specific imaging system physics.

Effects of the physical form of starter feed on the intake, performance, and health of female Holstein calves.

Available literature on the effect of various physical forms of starter feed (PFSF) on calf performance is conflicting. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the PFSF on feed intake, growth performance, blood metabolites, and the health of dairy calves. Twenty-four female Holstein calves (5-d-old; 40.

Peripartum Mental Illness in Mothers With Multiple Sclerosis and Other Chronic Diseases in Ontario, Canada.

Background And Objectives: Peripartum mood and anxiety disorders constitute the most frequent form of maternal morbidity in the general population, but little is known about peripartum mental illness in mothers with multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the incidence and prevalence of peripartum mental illness among mothers with MS, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetes and women without these conditions.

Methods: Using linked population-based administrative health data from ON, Canada, we conducted a cohort study of mothers with MS, epilepsy, IBD, and diabetes and without these diseases (comparators) who had a live birth with index dates, defined as 1 year before conception, between 2002 and 2017.

Amyloid-associated hyperconnectivity drives tau spread across connected brain regions in Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) triggers the aggregation and spreading of tau pathology, which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the pathophysiological link between Aβ and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aβ-related tau accumulation. Aβ has been found to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity, and preclinical research has shown that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner.

High prevalence of undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infections revealed by analysis of nucleocapsid-specific IgG responses in diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals.

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections are not always diagnosed; hence an unknown proportion of all infections are not documented. SARS-CoV-2 can induce spike and nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies, which can be detected in seroprevalence studies to identify a previous infection. However, with the introduction of vaccines containing the spike protein it is no longer possible to use spike-IgG as a marker of infection.

Female Brain and Endocrinological Research-Veteran (FemBER-Vet) study: A study protocol for identifying endocrinological, lifestyle and psychosocial determinants of brain health outcomes in female veterans for future intervention success.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated a greater risk of dementia in female veterans compared to civilians; with the highest prevalence noted for former service women with a diagnosis of psychiatric (trauma, alcoholism, depression), and/or a physical health condition (brain injury, insomnia, diabetes). Such findings highlight the need for increased and early screening of medical and psychiatric conditions, and indeed dementia, in the female veteran population. Further, they call for a better understanding of the underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms that might confer heightened risk for female veterans, to tailor preventative and interventional strategies that support brain health across the lifespan.

Proper 5'-3' cotranslational mRNA decay in yeast requires import of Xrn1 to the nucleus.

The budding yeast Xrn1 protein shuttles between the nucleus, where it stimulates transcription, and the cytoplasm, where it executes the major cytoplasmic mRNA decay. In the cytoplasm, apart from catalyzing 5'→3' decay onto non translated mRNAs, Xrn1 can follow the last translating ribosome to degrade the decapped mRNA template, a process known as "cotranslational mRNA decay". We have previously observed that the import of Xrn1 to the nucleus is required for efficient cytoplasmic mRNA decay.