An objective quantitative diagnosis of depression using a local-to-global multimodal fusion graph neural network.

This study developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system using a local-global multimodal fusion graph neural network (LGMF-GNN) to address the challenge of diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), a complex disease influenced by social, psychological, and biological factors. Utilizing functional MRI, structural MRI, and electronic health records, the system offers an objective diagnostic method by integrating individual brain regions and population data. Tested across cohorts from China, Japan, and Russia with 1,182 healthy controls and 1,260 MDD patients from 24 institutions, it achieved a classification accuracy of 78.

Advanced Characterization of Solid-State Battery Materials Using Neutron Scattering Techniques.

Advanced batteries require advanced characterization techniques, and neutron scattering is one of the most powerful experimental methods available for studying next-generation battery materials. Neutron scattering offers a non-destructive method to probe the complex structural and chemical processes occurring in batteries during operation in truly in situ/in operando measurements with a high sensitivity to battery-relevant elements such as lithium. Neutrons have energies comparable to the energies of excitations in materials and wavelengths comparable to atomic distances in the solid state, thus giving access to study structural and dynamical properties of materials on an atomic scale.

Interaction of N-methylmesoporphyrin IX with a hybrid left-/right-handed G-quadruplex motif from the promoter of the SLC2A1 gene.

Left-handed G-quadruplexes (LHG4s) belong to a class of recently discovered noncanonical DNA structures under the larger umbrella of G-quadruplex DNAs (G4s). The biological relevance of these structures and their ability to be targeted with classical G4 ligands is underexplored. Here, we explore whether the putative LHG4 DNA sequence from the SLC2A1 oncogene promoter maintains its left-handed characteristics upon addition of nucleotides in the 5'- and 3'-direction from its genomic context.

Locus-specific differential expression of human satellite sequences in the nuclei of cancer cells and heat-shocked cells.

Human satellitess(HSats) are pericentric, tandemly repeating satellite DNA sequences in the human genome. While silent in normal cells, a subset of HSat2 noncoding RNA is expressed and accumulates in the nucleus of cancer cells. We developed a FISH-based approach for identification of the distribution of three subfamilies of HSat2 (A1, A2, B) sequences on individual human chromosomes.

Refreshing the conversation about adaptation and perceived numerosity: A reply to Yousif, Clarke and Brannon.

Yousif et al. (2024) have raised a number of pertinent objections to the idea that number adaptation is a straightforward account of the readily-observable aftereffects that affect perceived numerosity. Their criticisms appear well-motivated, but their particular version of the old-news proposal, involving specific dots, may be insufficiently abstract given that adaptation accumulates.

The RNA chaperone protein ProQ is a pleiotropic regulator in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a gastrointestinal pathogen that affects individuals of all age groups, with infections ranging from subclinical colonization to acute or persistent diarrhea. The bacterium's ability to cause diarrhea depends on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. Although regulation of the LEE has been systematically characterized, until the last decade, studies mainly focused on its transcriptional control.

Metals in the gut: microbial strategies to overcome nutritional immunity in the intestinal tract.

Trace metals are indispensable nutritional factors for all living organisms. During host-pathogen interactions, they serve as crucial resources that dictate infection outcomes. Accordingly, the host uses a defense strategy known as nutritional immunity, which relies on coordinated metal chelation to mitigate bacterial advances.

Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Enhances Accumulation of Perfluoropropane Droplets.

Objective: Perfluoropropane droplets (PD) are nanometer-sized particles that can be formulated from commercially available contrast agents. The preferential retention of PDs in diseased microvascular beds can be detected by ultrasound imaging techniques after acoustic activation and offers an opportunity for the detection of such processes as scar formation or inflammation. We hypothesized that in the presence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, retention of intravenously injected PDs would be enhanced.

Radiation Implication in Pediatric Second Primary Thyroid Malignancy (SPTM) Cumulative Incidence and Mortality in the United States: Large Cohort Evidence.

Objective: To assess racial and sex variances in second primary thyroid malignancy (SPTM) cumulative incidence and temporal trends and the radiation exposure effect in pediatric SPTM.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study, a non-experimental epidemiologic design, was used to assess the cumulative incidence (CmI) and temporal trends as well as the exposure effect of radiation in SPTM among children, 0-19 years, in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. Percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were used to examine CmI rates and temporal trends, while chi-square statistics and binomial regression models were used to examine variable distribution by race and to determine the exposure effect of radiation on SPTM as well as mortality, respectively.

Sibling presence during fostering ameliorates endocrine stress profile changes in a social rodent species (Octodon degus) in a sex-specific manner.

During early life, disruption of the parent-offspring bond can substantially impact development of offspring physiology and behavior. In rodents, it has been well-documented that parental separation, reduction in parental care, and cross-fostering can affect development of the endocrine stress response. For social species, however, several social factors may mitigate the stress of cross-fostering, such as remaining with other known adult caregivers or siblings.

Morphology and line tension of twist disclinations in a nematic liquid crystal.

We deploy optical microscopy with and without an applied magnetic field to characterize the three-dimensional morphology and measure the line tension of twist disclinations in twisted nematic liquid crystal (LC) sample cells. Twist disclinations are generated by quenching the LC, 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl), into the nematic phase; 5CB is confined between substrates with in-plane anchoring directions perpendicular to one another. The disclinations form loops separating domains of opposite twist handedness.

A simple action reduces high fat diet intake and obesity in mice.

Diets that are high in fat cause over-eating and weight gain in multiple species of animals, suggesting that high dietary fat is sufficient to cause obesity. However, high-fat diets are typically provided freely to animals in obesity experiments, so it remains unclear if high-fat diets would still cause obesity if they required more effort to obtain. We hypothesized that unrestricted and easy access is necessary for high-fat diet induced over-eating, and the corollary that requiring mice to perform small amounts of work to obtain high-fat diet would reduce high-fat diet intake and associated weight gain.

Population age structure shapes selection on social behaviour in a long-lived insect.

Social traits are expected to experience highly context-dependent selection, but we know little about the contextual factors that shape selection on social behaviours. We hypothesized that the fitness consequences of social interactions will depend on the age of social partners, and therefore that population age structure will shape evolutionary pressures on sociality. Here, we investigate the consequences of age variation at multiple levels of social organization for both individual fitness and sexual selection on social network traits.

Implied occlusion and subset underestimation contribute to the weak-outnumber-strong numerosity illusion.

Four experimental studies are reported using a total of 712 participants to investigate the basis of a recently reported numerosity illusion called "weak-outnumber-strong" (WOS). In the weak-outnumber-strong illusion, when equal numbers of white and gray dots (e.g.

Systematic decision frameworks for the socially responsible use of precision medicine.

Deep learning techniques and whole-genome sequencing promise to increase well-being but also risk perpetuating psychological essentialism, potentially justifying inequality. In this Comment, we offer two much-needed systematic frameworks for clinicians and researchers to avoid essentialist inferences and unfair treatment: (1) a data-driven method for detecting causal fairness in precision health and (2) an ethical framework for determining when it is morally permissible to use racial classifications in population health research.

A mathematical model of visceral leishmaniasis transmission and control: Impact of ITNs on VL prevention and elimination in the Indian subcontinent.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a deadly, vector-borne, parasitic, neglected tropical disease, particularly prevalent on the Indian subcontinent. Sleeping under the long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) was considered an effective VL prevention and control measures, until KalaNet, a large trial in Nepal and India, did not show enough supporting evidence. In this paper, we adapt a biologically accurate, yet relatively simple compartmental ordinary differential equations (ODE) model of VL transmission and explicitly model the use of ITNs and their role in VL prevention and elimination.

The IgLON family of cell adhesion molecules expressed in developing neural circuits ensure the proper functioning of the sensory system in mice.

Deletions and malfunctions of the IgLON family of cell adhesion molecules are associated with anatomical, behavioral, and metabolic manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that IgLON genes are expressed in sensory nuclei/pathways and that IgLON proteins modulate sensory processing. Here, we examined the expression of IgLON alternative promoter-specific isoforms during embryonic development and studied the sensory consequences of the anatomical changes when one of the IgLON genes, Negr1, is knocked out.

Neurons Underlying Aggression-Like Actions That Are Shared by Both Males and Females in .

Aggression involves both sexually monomorphic and dimorphic actions. How the brain implements these two types of actions is poorly understood. We found that in , a set of neurons, which we call CL062, previously shown to mediate male aggression also mediate female aggression.

Cultivation in long-term simulated microgravity is detrimental to pyocyanin production and subsequent biofilm formation ability of .

Unlabelled: forms aggregates known as biofilms. Previous studies have shown that when is cultivated in space, thicker and structurally different biofilms are formed than from those grown on Earth. We investigated how microgravity, simulated in a laboratory setting, influenced the growth, colonization, and virulence potentials of a PA14 wild-type strain, as well as two surface attachment-defective () mutants altered at crucial biofilm-forming steps: and .

Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools.

Statistical learning (SL) is a learning mechanism that does not directly depend on knowledge of a language, but predicts language and literacy outcomes for children and adults. Research linking SL and literacy has not addressed children who first learn to read in their second language (L2), common in primary schools worldwide. Several studies have linked SL with childhood literacy in Australia, China, Europe, and the U.

The Self-Control of Eating.

Many individuals struggle to regulate their own consumption of food. Beginning with general theories of self-control, we review psychological factors that have been shown to influence the regulation of eating, including those related to particular personality variables, such as external eating, restrained eating, and reward sensitivity, as well as situational constraints, including normative influences, emotions, and calorie deprivation. Strategies for the self-control of eating, including reappraisal, effortful inhibition, and various automatic strategies are also reviewed, along with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of historical and contemporary psychological studies investigating food consumption.

Inter-kingdom communication and the sympoietic way of life.

Organisms are now seen as holobionts, consortia of several species that interact metabolically such that they sustain and scaffold each other's existence and propagation. Sympoiesis, the development of the symbiotic relationships that form holobionts, is critical for our understanding the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Rather than being the read-out of a single genome, development has been found to be sympoietic, based on multigenomic interactions between zygote-derived cells and symbiotic microbes.