Digital epidemiology of high-frequency search listening trends for the surveillance of subjective well-being during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in online searches related to psychological distress. Governments worldwide have responded with various measures to mitigate the impact of the virus, influencing public behavior and emotional well-being. This study investigated the relationship between government actions and public reactions in terms of online search behaviors, particularly concerning psychological distress during the pandemic.

Fluctuations of Attention During Self-paced Naturalistic Goal-Directed Behavior in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Temporal fluctuations of attention detected with strictly controlled neuropsychological tests is an important objective behavioral marker for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined whether intraindividual variability in response latencies is also detectable in more realistic open-ended virtual contexts where the participants can freely interact with the surroundings when performing instructed everyday tasks from memory.

Method: Three ex-Gaussian parameters, μ, σ, and τ, were derived from response latencies in 2 tasks obtained from 2 datasets comprising 9- to 13-year-old children (72 with ADHD and 71 typically developing controls).

Feasibility of collecting long-term patient-reported outcome data in burns patients using a centralised approach.

Background: Collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has been a longstanding priority for the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand (BRANZ). An earlier pilot of hospital-led PROM collection encountered low participation rates and high loss to follow-up, indicating consideration for an alternative model was warranted.

Aims: To establish the feasibility of implementing centralised long-term PROM collection within the BRANZ.

Risk management of patients with multiple CVDs: what are the best practices?

Introduction: Managing patients with multiple risk factors for CVDs can present distinct challenges for healthcare providers, therefore addressing them can be paramount to optimize patient care.

Areas Covered: This narrative review explores the burden that CVDs place on healthcare systems as well as how we can best optimize the risk management of these patients. Through a comprehensive review of literature, guidelines and clinical studies, this paper explores various approaches to risk management, lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions utilized in the management of CVDs.

Rotator Cuff Repair by All-Arthroscopic Versus Mini-Open Technique: A Comparison of Clinical and Functional Outcome.

Background: Rotator cuff tears can lead to debilitating shoulder function and impairment. Rotator cuff repair aims to eliminate pain and improve function with increased shoulder strength and range of motion. This study evaluated the differences between all-arthroscopic (AA) and mini-open (MO) repair procedures for rotator cuff tendon tears regarding clinical and functional outcomes.

Investigating awareness and implementation of adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) via the 'Spare Pens in Schools' scheme in Wales: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Objective: To investigate awareness and implementation of the Spare Pens (ie, adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs)) scheme in primary and secondary schools in two regions in Wales.

Design: A cross-sectional pilot study employing a mixed research methods approach was carried out.

Setting And Participants: State primary and secondary schools within Swansea and Pembrokeshire regional authorities were invited to take part.

Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in People with Type 2 Diabetes. What Are the Risk Factors? A Mini-systematic Review.

Metformin is recommended as the first-line agent for the management of type 2 diabetes following lifestyle and dietary changes. The long-term use of metformin has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. The aim of this review is to investigate the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 levels and identify any risk factors.

Success and Survival of Composite Resin Restorations for the Management of Localized Anterior Tooth Wear: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To systematically review the literature and assess the success and survival rates of anterior composite restorations used in the management of anterior tooth surface loss, and to estimate complete posterior occlusion re-establishment when a Dahl approach is utilized.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE via Ovid and Scopus, for articles published from 1970 to November 2020. The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Are rates of clinical interventions during pregnancy and childbirth different for refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries? A scoping review.

Background: Adequate maternity care and appropriate clinical interventions during labour and delivery can reduce adverse perinatal outcomes, but unnecessary interventions may cause harm. While studies have shown that refugees and asylum seekers face important barriers when accessing maternity care, there is a lack of high-quality quantitative data on perinatal health interventions, such as induction of labour or caesarean sections, among refugees and asylum seekers and the findings reported in the literature tend to be inconsistent. Our goal was to examine and synthesise the evidence regarding the rates of intrapartum clinical interventions in women who are refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries compared to other population groups.

Is Alcohol Consumption Pattern Dependent on Prenatal Sex-Steroids? A Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Study Among University Students.

Introduction: There is evidence that alcohol consumption is influenced by prenatal sex steroids (as measured by digit ratio [2D:4D]). Here, we clarify the effect size of the relationship in a student (rather than a patient) population.

Methods: There were 258 (169 women) participants.

A 903-year annual temperature reconstruction for the southeastern tibetan plateau from the tree ring widths of Juniperus saltuaria.

Precisely dated paleoclimatic records are essential for understanding natural and anthropogenic climate influences. Here, an annually resolved absolutely dated Juniperus saltuaria tree ring width chronology from the Haizi mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) was developed. The chronology shows the annual- to decadal-scale paleoclimatic variability of the southeastern TP over the past 903 years (1115-2017 CE).

Value-Based Healthcare in Practice: IDEATE, a Collaboration to Design and Test an Outcomes-Based Agreement for a Medicine in Wales.

Objective: To develop a sustainable, scalable methodology for the design of outcome-based agreements (OBAs) that works on the ground and dynamically overcomes historical challenges.

Methods: Project IDEATE co-created solutions to known (and emergent) challenges via iterative workshops and real-world data analysis to develop and refine a hypothetical model for an OBA in a trusted research environment. A cross-disciplinary collaboration between National Health Service (NHS) Wales, industry and academia was developed.

Clinical outcomes following acute sore throat assessment at community pharmacy versus general practice: a retrospective, longitudinal, data linkage study.

Background: To date, no research has compared longer-term outcomes (antibiotic provision; re-consultations; hospital admissions for quinsy; cost-effectiveness) following presentation with acute sore throat at general practice (GP) versus newer, pharmacy-led services.

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of sore throat consultations between 1 November 2018 and 28 February 2020 either with the Wales pharmacy-led sore throat test and treat (STTT) service or with a healthcare professional at GP. Individual-level pharmacy consultation data from the national Choose Pharmacy IT application were securely uploaded to the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank and linked to routinely collected, anonymized, population-scale, individual-level, anonymized health and administrative data.

Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Safety Outcomes with Semaglutide by Baseline Age: Post Hoc Analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.

Introduction: The high risk of cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes increases with age. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly subcutaneous and once-daily oral semaglutide versus placebo in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk were investigated in the SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 cardiovascular outcomes trials, respectively. It is unknown whether the effects of semaglutide are age dependent.

Exploring interaction effects of social determinants of health with hospital admission type on academic performance: a data linkage study.

Objective: To investigate the moderating effects of socio-demographic social determinants of health (SDH) in the relationship between types of childhood hospitalisation (ie, none, injury, non-injury, injury+non-injury) and academic performance.

Design, Setting And Patients: Children residing in Wales 2009-2016 (N=369 310). Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank linked Tagged Electronic Cohort Cymru (five data sources) from the Wales Electronic Cohort for Children.

A multi-method feasibility trial of a multi-component behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity among ethnically diverse older adults.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) are important indicators of well-being and quality of life in older adults (OAs). However, OAs are the least active and highly sedentary of all the age groups. The present study intends to examine the feasibility of a wearable gadget to remind users to break sitting time (by standing up and moving more), coupled with a brief health coaching session, pamphlet and reminder messages to decrease SB and improve PA.

Examining the drivers of the imbalance price: Insights from the balancing mechanism in the United Kingdom.

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources in the UK electricity sector has posed challenges to the stability of the system, leading to a sharp rise in the costs of balancing services. This study analyses half-hourly data from January 2017 to December 2023 to examine the factors determining the imbalance price in the UK's balancing mechanism, with particular focus on the sharp price increases in 2021-2022. Employing a Generalised Additive Model (GAM) to account for non-linear relationships, the analysis finds that the imbalance price is positively affected by the net imbalance volume (demand-side factor) and negatively impacted by the de-rated margin (supply-side factor).

A first vocal repertoire characterization of long-finned pilot whales () in the Mediterranean Sea: a machine learning approach.

The acoustic repertoires of long-finned pilot whales () in the Mediterranean Sea are poorly understood. This study aims to create a catalogue of calls, analyse acoustic parameters, and propose a classification tree for future research. An acoustic database was compiled using recordings from the Alboran Sea, Gulf of Lion and Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean Basin) between 2008 and 2022, totalling 640 calls.

The reality of nursing time: how nurses spend their shifts.

Background: Nurse staffing levels are increasingly challenged while pressures on healthcare systems are rising. There is a clear need to optimise efficiency in healthcare delivery in order to deliver safe, effective and quality health care.

Aim: To understand how nurses working shifts spend their time and explore opportunities to improve efficiency in care delivery.

Effect of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Frequent Activity Breaks on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Trial.

This study examined acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with short activity breaks on postprandial glucose/insulin responses and estimations of insulin sensitivity in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In a randomized crossover trial, eight adults (age = 46 ± 14 years [mean ± SD], body mass index [BMI] = 27.2 ± 3.