[Auditory tube dysfunction in children (literature review, part 2)].

The presented literature review examines in detail the methods for diagnosing the auditory tube, the history of development of studies of the Eustachian tube and the treatment of its dysfunction in children. The issue of dysfunction of the auditory tube as one of the causes of the formation of chronic hearing loss in childhood is increasingly being identified because of the rapid development of technologies and methods for examining patients. Aim is to study the multiple etiologic factors of the disease and the need for an integrated approach to the study of this condition.

[Panic attacks during sleep].

Panic attack is a separate episode of fear or anxiety with the simultaneous development of typical autonomic and mental symptoms. Attack is a widespread phenomenon that makes up the central core of panic disorder and affects about 5% of the population. Up to 71% of patients suffering from attacks report panic episodes not only in wakefulness, but also during sleep.

[Artificial temporal bone].

This article presents assembly technology and the main stages of dissection on artificial temporal bone. This sample of artificial temporal bone is a domestic product. The use of this material makes it possible to develop basic dissection skills, such as anthromastoidotomy, posterior tympanotomy, and facial nerve decompression.

[New approach to treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis].

Annotation: Polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a hardly treatable disease due to the unknown etiology and recurrent course. Standard treatment regimens are aimed at removing polyps and reducing the activity of inflammation, while little attention is paid to pathogenesis factors such as oxidative stress and mucociliary insufficiency.

Objective: To improve the combined treatment of PRS.

[Etiology and clinical symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy].

Objective: To identify etiology, clinical symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) depending on etiology.

Results: Idiopathic BV was identifies in one third of patients. The most common identified reasons are Meniere's disease, meningitis and ototoxicity.

[Damage to the inner ear with syphilitic infection].

The epidemiology of neurosyphilis is presented in article. The pathogenetic mechanisms of involvement in the syphilitic process are described already in the early stages of the disease of the central and peripheral nervous system and, in particular, of the auditory and vestibular analyzers. Described classical clinical forms of neurosyphilis.

[Modification of the method for closing the defect of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus].

Unlabelled: Pathological ventilation of the maxillary sinus (MS) is one of the risk factors for the formation of chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Purpose Of Study: Is to evaluate the effectiveness of the method of restoring the medial wall of the MS with an autograft - a quadrangular cartilage of the nasal septum using the butterfly technique (Patent Application No. 2018140468, priority of 11/19/2018).

[The state of regional lymph nodes in chronic tonsillitis according to ultrasound].

Unlabelled: Despite the variety of chronic tonsillitis clinical symptoms, none of the known signs of this disease is typical for it.

Purpose Of Study: Is development of a method for differential diagnosis of complicated (toxic-allergic) and uncomplicated (simple) forms of chronic tonsillitis.

Methods: 147 patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 61 (42%) - with a simple form and 2) 86 (58%) - with a toxic-allergic form of chronic tonsillitis of the II degree.

[Exudative otitis media as a manifestation of spontaneous otoliquorrhea].

Unlabelled: Spontaneous otoliquorrhea (SOL) often mimics the picture of exudative otitis media (EOM), which leads to delayed diagnosis of the underlying disease.

Purpose Of Study: Is to evaluate causes, clinical features and diagnostic algorithm for patients with SOL.

Patients And Research Methods: From 2007 to 2018, 33 patients with SOL underwent examination and treatment in the Department of Ear Microsurgery of the Institute.

[Auditory tube dysfunction in children (literature review, part 1)].

We present the review of the literature on the anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the auditory tube in children, epidemiology, etiology, and the pathogenesis of the formation of auditory tube dysfunction is presented. The first part of the article presents in more detail the structural and functional differences in the Eustachian tube in children, the classification and mechanism of the occurrence of the auditory tube dysfunction in pediatric practice.

[CFD simulation study of aerodynamics in nasal cavity in a case of septal perforation].

Perforation of the nasal septum remains an actual problem. The success of surgical closure of perforation of the nasal septum depends not only on the surgeon's skill, but also on the degree of disturbance of the nasal cavity physiology. Traditionally, CFD studies of nasal septal perforations are dedicated to the analysis of changes in speed value of the inhaled air depending on the size and localization of perforation of the nasal septum.

[Fungal otitis externa in children: principles of diagnosis and rational therapy].

Aim: To study the current diagnosis and treatment of fungal inflammation of the external auditory canal in children. This article summarizes the literature on predisposing factors for the occurrence of fungal infections of the external auditory canal in children.

Patients And Methods: In this study, we present modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of external fungal otitis media in children depending on the isolated genus and species of fungus.

[On the issue of treatment of exudative otitis media in children].

Aim: To increase the effectiveness of treatment of children with catarrhal and secretory stages of exudative otitis media (EOM) through the development of a therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for the management of children with this condition.

Material And Method: From 2008 to 2017, 346 children (682 ears) aged from 3 to 13 years with exudative otitis media were examined and treated. Two groups of patients were formed: Group 1 (150 children, 298 ears) - with a catarrhal stage of EOM, group 2 (196 children, 384 ears) - with a secretory stage of EOM.

[Integration of diagnostic and treatment methods of pediatric ENT diseases into the practice of a pediatrician].

In his or her daily practice, a pediatrician often has to encounter various ENT diseases, since more than half of visits to children's clinics are associated with various conditions of ENT organs. This article highlights the issues of introducing diagnostic and treatment methods for acute and chronic diseases of ENT organs into the daily practice of pediatricians.