Gender Differences in Triggers of Stimulant Use Based on the National Survey of Prisoners in Japan.

There are a few studies on gender differences in terms of reasons and motives for methamphetamine use. To examine gender differences in triggers of methamphetamine use We provided a questionnaire survey to 699 inmates who were incarcerated because of violation of the Stimulants Control Act. The results of DAST-20 (the severity of drug dependence) moderately correlated with the applicable numbers of the 37 situational triggers and 34 emotional triggers for stimulant use, respectively.

Pilot study of a basic individualized cognitive behavioral therapy program for chronic pain in Japan.

Background: Chronic pain is a major health problem, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is its recommended treatment; however, efforts to develop CBT programs for chronic pain and assess their feasibility are remarkably delayed in Asia. Therefore, we conducted this pilot study to develop a basic individualized CBT for chronic pain (CBT-CP) and assessed its feasibility for use in Japan.

Methods: Our study was an open-labeled before-after trial without a control group conducted cooperatively in five Japanese tertiary care hospitals.

Evolution of a key trait greatly affects underground community assembly process through habitat adaptation in earthworms.

Underground community assemblies have not been studied well compared with aboveground communities, despite their importance for our understanding of whole ecosystems. To investigate underground community assembly over evolutionary timescales, we examined terrestrial earthworm communities (Oligochaeta: Haplotaxida) in conserved mountainous primary forests in Japan as a model system. We collected 553 earthworms mostly from two dominant families, the Megascolecidae and the Lumbricidae, from 12 sites.

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of cognitive processing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder among Japanese patients: the Safety, Power, Intimacy, Esteem, Trust (SPINET) study.

Introduction: Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is widely regarded as a safe and effective first-line treatment for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, no comparative studies have been conducted to examine the treatment outcomes in an Asian population. The aim of the present trial is to investigate the efficacy of CPT (individual format) as a treatment for PTSD in a population of Japanese patients.

Methods And Analysis: A 16-week, single-centre, assessor-masked, randomised, parallel-group superiority trial has been designed to compare the efficacy of CPT in conjunction with treatment as usual (mostly pharmacotherapy and clinical monitoring) versus treatment as usual alone.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Japanese Parkinson's disease patients: a pilot study.

Objectives: This study evaluated the feasibility of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for Japanese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression. To increase cultural acceptability, we developed the CBT program using manga, a type of Japanese comic novel.

Methods: Participants included 19 non-demented PD patients who had depressive symptoms (GRID-Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≥8).

Concordance and discordance between taxonomic and functional homogenization: responses of soil mite assemblages to forest conversion.

The compositional characteristics of ecological assemblages are often simplified; this process is termed "biotic homogenization." This process of biological reorganization occurs not only taxonomically but also functionally. Testing both aspects of homogenization is essential if ecosystem functioning supported by a diverse mosaic of functional traits in the landscape is concerned.

Changes in radiocesium concentrations in epigeic earthworms in relation to the organic layer 2.5 years after the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.

We reported previously that radiocesium ((137)Cs) concentrations in earthworms increased with those in litter and/or soil in Fukushima Prefecture forests 0.5 y after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. This study provides further results for 1.

Effects of situational conditions on students' views of business ethics.

This study investigated undergraduates' responses regarding selected ethical issues facing managers and employees of today's businesses. The focus of the study lies in the influences of two situational variables (organizational roles and prospects) on students' response pattern. Japanese students (306 men and 81 women, M = 20.