[Low vision aids for reading in scar stage of age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: To evaluate the inter-relationship among near visual acuity, eccentricity of preferred retinal locus(PRL), and choice of low vision aids for reading in patients with bilateral age-related macular degeneration(AMD).

Subjects And Methods: The preferred eye of 44 patients having bilateral disciform stage AMD was examined. The PRL was detected and its eccentricity from the fovea was measured by scanning laser ophthalmoscopic microperimetry.

[Surgical removal of juxtafoveal and extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: In the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the effect on the fovea of photocoagulation of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization(CNV) and extrafoveal CNV near the fovea has been of concern, and so usefulness of surgical excision of CNV was evaluated.

Subjects And Methods: Fifteen eyes with AMD that underwent removal of juxtafoveal CNV and extrafoveal CNV near the fovea and had been followed for over one year were included in this study. Eligibility criteria were preoperative visual acuity of 0.

[Preferred retinal locus in patients with age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: To evaluate the status and location of the preferred retinal locus(PRL) and visual function in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-five patients were examined. They were diagnosed as having bilateral AMD in the disciform stage.

[Surgical removal of choroidal neovascularization in angioid streaks].

Purpose: All the studies so far on surgical removal of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in angioid streaks(AS) were conducted on a small number of cases. Therefore, a definitive evaluation of the surgical method was not available. The present study aimed to evaluate this surgical modality.

[Utility of indocyanine green angiography guided laser photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: The efficacy of photocoagulating choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of age-related macular degeneration with indocyanine green angiography(ICG) was evaluated. 1. The utility of ICG-guided laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal and extrafoveal CNV, 2.

[Clinical dose finding study of indocyanine green to detect choroidal neovascularization in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: To evaluate the proper clinical dosage of indocyanine green(ICG) in angiography for detecting choroidal neovascularization(CNV) of exudative age-related macular degeneration(AMD).

Subjects And Methods: Indocyanine green angiography (IA) was performed using a randomized crossover method with two different doses on two occasions. Ease of detection, side effects and clinical serum data were also evaluated.

[Hyperfluorescent areas observed in late-phase indocyanine green angiography (IA) of IA findings in fellow eyes of unilateral age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: To evaluate abnormal findings of indocyanine green angiography (IA), predisposing to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in fellow eyes of unilateral exudative AMD.

Methods: We categorized 83 fellow eyes of unilateral exudative AMD into two groups, i.e.

[The sub-classification and long-term prognosis of preproliferative diabetic retinopathy].

Purpose: We followed eyes with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy(PPDR) for 2 or more years, and then evaluated the proportion of patients developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) and the period from diagnosis of PPDR until development of PDR.

Subjects And Methods: We divided 95 eyes affected by PPDR into 75 eyes with mild type and 20 eyes with moderate type based on our previously proposed sub-classification, and evaluated the long-term prognosis of 2 or more.

Results: The proportion developing PDR was 24% in mild type and 60% in moderate type.

[A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis showing acute macular neuroretinopathy-like lesions].

Purpose: We report one case of mimic fundus lesions with acute macular neuroretinopathy due to subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Case: A 55-year-old male had about a 1 DD reddish petal-shaped lesion at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macula and a white lesion about 1/6 DD at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the upper fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed the reddish lesion to be hypofluorescence due to a filling defect and indocyanine green angiography showed the hypofluorescence was due to a circulatory disturbance of the choriocapillaris.

[Preproliferative diabetic retinopathy sub-classification and glycemic control--relationship between mean hemoglobin A1C value and development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship between long-term glycemic control and the proportion of patients developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) in cases of mild preproliferative diabetic retinopathy(PPDR).

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the relationship between the mean hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) value during a period of at least 2 years and the proportion of patients developing PDR in cases of mild PPDR, based on our previously proposed subclassification.

Results: During follow-up, 27% of all cases developed PDR.

Factors Influencing Visual Acuity Following Vitrectomy for Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: We investigated the influence of various factors on visual results in patients undergoing surgical removal of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Subjects and Methods: This study was performed in 55 eyes of 55 patients who underwent surgical removal of CNVM for AMD and followed them for 6 months or more. The criterion for surgical eligibility was active subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane of 0.

[Vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema].

Purpose: We evaluated the visual outcome of vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema.

Methods: Visual outcome and factors which may influence final visual acuity were assessed and documented retrospectively in 45 eyes of 40 patients, all of whom were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively.

Results: Final postoperative visual acuity was two or more lines better than preoperative visual acuity in 58%, within one line in 40%, and had decreased by two lines or more in 2%.

[Shortening the duration of prone positioning after macular hole surgery--comparison between one week and one day].

Purpose: We shortened the duration of prone positioning after macular hole surgery from one week to one day and evaluated the initial hole closure rate.

Subject And Method: The first group included 34 eyes of 33 patients who underwent surgery between April 1998 and August 1999. All 33 patients were instructed to maintain the prone position for one week after surgery (one week group).

[Prognosis of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis and utility of Ishibashi's classification].

Purpose: Prognostic evaluations of eyes with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis were made according to the classification proposed by Ishibashi.

Patients And Methods: We surveyed endogenous fungal endophthalmitis cases at four Nihon University Hospitals and 20 branch hospitals. Sixty eyes of 34 patients were classified into five stages according to Ishibashi's proposal, and therapeutic methods and visual prognosis in each stage were then evaluated.

Correlation of Indocyanine Green Angiography Findings and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Surgically Excised Age-related Macular Degeneration-related Choroidal Neovascular Membranes.

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between clinical classification by indocyanine green angiography (IA) and pathologic findings including the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in age-related macular degeneration-related choroidal neovascular membranes.Subject and Methods: The subjects were 15 patients with age-related macular degeneration who underwent surgical excision for choroidal neovascular membrane. The patients were classified into 4 types: Type I, hyperfluorescence in both early and late phases (n = 7); Type II, hyperfluorescence in the early phase only (n = 2); Type III, hyperfluorescence in the late phase only (n = 3); and Type IV, no hyperfluorescence in any phase (n = 3).

Effects of Different Types of Disparity Cues on the Response of Axis-orientation Selective Cells in the Monkey Parietal Cortex.

Purpose: To specify the cues for the discrimination of orientation in depth in axis orientation selective (AOS) neurons.Method: We analyzed the responses of AOS neurons in the monkey caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) region using binocular disparity stimuli generated by stereoscopic 3 D computer graphics.Result: Most AOS neurons (20/27) were sensitive to binocular disparity and showed tuning to the orientation of a slit in the sagittal plane with orientation disparity cues.

A Case of Proliferative Sarcoid Retinopathy with Sarcoid Nodules in Tissue Obtained During Vitrectomy.

Background: In previous studies, intraocular proliferative tissues obtained from proliferative sarcoid retinopathy cases during vitrectomy have been examined histopathologically. However, there is no report of identification of sarcoid nodules in examined tissues. We performed vitrectomy for a case of proliferative sarcoid retinopathy with extensive proliferative changes.

[Factors influencing visual acuity following vitrectomy for exudative age-related macular degeneration].

Purpose: We investigated the influence of various factors on visual results in patients undergoing surgical removal of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Subjects And Methods: This study was performed in 55 eyes of 55 patients who underwent surgical removal of CNVM for AMD and followed them for 6 months or more. The criterion for surgical eligibility was active subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane of 0.

[Correlation of indocyanine green angiography findings and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in surgically excised age-related macular degeneration-related choroidal neovascular membranes].

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between clinical classification by indocyanine green angiography (IA) and pathologic findings including the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in age-related macular degeneration-related choroidal neovascular membranes.

Subject And Methods: The subjects were 15 patients with age-related macular degeneration who underwent surgical excision for choroidal neovascular membrane. The patients were classified into 4 types: Type I, hyperfluorescence in both early and late phases (n = 7); Type II, hyperfluorescence in the early phase only (n = 2); Type III, hyperfluorescence in the late phase only (n = 3); and Type IV, no hyperfluorescence in any phase (n = 3).

[Effects of different types of disparity cues on the response of axis-orientation selective cells in the monkey parietal cortex].

Purpose: To specify the cues for the discrimination of orientation in depth in axis orientation selective (AOS) neurons.

Methods: We analyzed the responses of AOS neurons in the monkey caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) region using binocular disparity stimuli generated by stereoscopic 3 D computer graphics.

Results: Most AOS neurons (20/27) were sensitive to binocular disparity and showed tuning to the orientation of a slit in the sagittal plane with orientation disparity cues.

[A case of proliferative sarcoid retinopathy with sarcoid nodules in tissue obtained during vitrectomy].

Background: In previous studies, intraocular proliferative tissues obtained from proliferative sarcoid retinopathy cases during vitrectomy have been examined histopathologically. However, there is no report of identification of sarcoid nodules in examined tissues. We performed vitrectomy for a case of proliferative sarcoid retinopathy with extensive proliferative changes.

[Comparison between indocyanine green angiography and histopathological observations of choroidal neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration].

We classified choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) (20 eyes) in age-related macular degeneration into four types (Type I: hyperfluorescence in both early and late phases, Type II: hyperfluorescence only in the early phase, Type III: hyperfluorescence only in the late phase, Type IV: virtually no hyperfluorescence in any phase) using indocyanine green angiography (IA). We performed surgery to remove CNM with these IA findings. After 17 surgically extracted specimens had been stained with hematoxylin-eosin and azan, they were examined by tight microscopy.

Report on the nationwide epidemiological survey of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japan.

The research Committee on Chorioretinal Degeneration, in cooperation with the Research Committee on the Epidemiology of Intractable Diseases, performed the second nationwide epidemiological survey of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 1993. The number of exudative AMD patients in all ophthalmology departments throughout Japan was estimated to be 14,400 in 1993. This number was estimated to have almost doubled over the six year period since the initial survey in 1987.

[Ophthalmological aspects of systemic vasculitis].

Ocular findings of systemic vasculitis, such as polyarteritis nodosa, giant cell angitis, and aortitis syndrome were reviewed. Systemic lupus erythematosus is not categorized as systemic vasculitis, however its ocular findings are microangiopathic. Therefore review of its ocular findings was included in this paper.