Insulin dependence as an independent predictor of complications following surgical treatment of distal radius fracture.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for postoperative complications. Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are a common orthopedic injury and often require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The rise of ORIF utilization warrants investigation into factors that may expose patients to postoperative complications following DRF ORIF.

CT-based machine learning radiomics predicts Ki-67 expression level and its relationship with overall survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The prognostic prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a radiomics model to predict Ki-67 expression status in PDAC patients using radiomics features from dual-phase enhanced CT, and integrated clinical characteristics to create a radiomics-clinical nomogram for prognostic prediction.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from 124 PDAC patients treated surgically at a single center, from January 2017 to March 2023.

Irreversible Electroporation and β-Glucan Induced Trained Innate Immunity for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Phase II Study.

Introduction: Irreversible electroporation(IRE) has augmented the effects of certain immunotherapies in pancreatic cancer(PDA). Yeast-derived particulate beta-glucan induces trained innate immunity and has successfully reduces murine PC tumor burden. This is a Phase II study to test the hypothesis that IRE may augment beta-glucan induced trained immunity in patients with PDA.

Robust acute myeloid leukemia engraftment in humanized scaffolds using injectable biomaterials and intravenous xenotransplantation.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can be improved by implantation of a humanized niche. Nevertheless, the overall complexity of the current protocols, as well as the use of specific biomaterials and procedures, limits the wider adoption of this approach. Here, we identify the essential minimum steps required to create the humanized scaffolds and achieve successful acute myeloid leukemia (AML) engraftment.

Examining the Impact of Diet-and-Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Drug Metabolism and Gastric Emptying in Patients with Obesity.

Obesity significantly influences drug pharmacokinetics (PK), which challenges optimal dosing. This study examines the effects of diet-and-exercise-induced weight loss on key drug-metabolizing enzymes and gastric emptying in patients with obesity, who frequently require medications for comorbidities. Participants followed a structured weight management program promoting weight loss over 3-6 months and were not concomitantly on potential CYP inducers or inhibitors.

Universal Hydrogel Carrier Enhances Bone Graft Success: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation.

Orthopedic, maxillofacial, and complex dentoalveolar bone grafting procedures that require donor-site bone harvesting can be associated with post-surgical complications. There has been widespread adoption of exogenously sourced particulate bone graft materials (BGM) for bone regenerative procedures; however, the particulate nature of these materials may lead to compromised healing outcomes, mainly attributed to structural collapse of the BGM, prolonged tissue healing. In this study, a fully synthetic thermoresponsive hydrogel-based universal carrier matrix (TX) that forms flowable and shapable putties with different BGMs while spatially preserving the particles in a 3D scaffold at the implantation site is introduced.

Surgical Repair of Double Outlet Right Ventricle Infants Guided by Three Dimensional-Computed Tomography Cardiac Modeling and Printing.

Background: Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a challenging congenital cardiac lesion to surgically master. We utilize computed tomography-guided-three-dimensional (3D) modeling/printing and novel in-house software to delineate anatomical relationships providing operative insight into the surgical approach. Our intent is to highlight this and showcase our technology.

Frailty assessment in adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: insights from a multicenter GETH-TC study to optimize outcomes and care.

Introduction: This multicenter prospective study sponsored by the (GETH-TC) explores the use of frailty assessments in allo-HCT candidates.

Methods: Frailty was measured using the HCT Frailty Scale at first consultation and HCT admission in 404 adults from 15 HCT programs in Spain. Based on the results, patients were classified into fit, pre-frail and frail categories.

Psychological wellbeing and treatment adherence among cardio-renal syndrome patients in Yemen: a cross section study.

Background: Anxiety and depression are associated with adverse outcomes in cardiorenal syndrome patients undergoing hemodialysis, including decreased quality of life, poorer clinical parameters, and lower treatment adherence.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the level of psychological wellbeing and its relationship with treatment adherence among dialysis patients with cardiorenal syndrome.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between February and May 2021 on convenience sampling of 100 patients in two dialysis centers in Hadhramout, Yemen.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of in vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Melanoma Diagnosis in a Real-World Clinical Setting.

Background: In a recent prospective, multicenter, two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), we demonstrated that adjunctive reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in routine clinical practice provides clinical benefits, including safe melanoma detection and a 43.3% reduction in the number needed to excise (NNE).

Methods: A cost-benefit analysis was conducted based on NNEs for standard care (5.

The utility of the low motion area ratio for the preoperative detection of pleural adhesions: dynamic chest radiography analysis.

Background: Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is useful for detecting preoperative pleural adhesions, predicting operation time and blood loss, and determining the surgical approach. However, since DCR evaluations are subjective, an objective index was needed. Therefore, we focused on the low motion area (LMA) ratio derived from the objective data obtained through DCR.

Software solution for integration of frozen section quality assurance into daily practice.

Objective: Diagnoses rendered using the frozen section (FS) technique during surgical procedures are used to guide intraoperative decisions. Therefore, diagnostic FS errors have the potential to affect patient safety and quality of care. Diagnostic FS errors arise due to both technical and interpretative factors and present a challenge to surgical pathology laboratories to recognize, document, and manage in a timely fashion.

[The Effectiveness of a Pap Smear Screening Practical Skills Training Program for Nurse-Midwifery Students].

Background: Pap smear screenings effectively reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the effectiveness of practical teaching strategies for this procedure is seldom discussed.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pap smear screening training approach using the two strategies of classroom simulation and practical community screening demonstrations.

The Association Between Aspartate Transaminase to Alanine Transaminase Ratio and Perioperative Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with diabetes are at a high risk for perioperative ischemic stroke (PIS). The use of biomarkers to identify high-risk patients and predict PIS may provide considerable reference value in clinical decision-making. The aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio (De Ritis ratio) has been proven to be associated with specific diabetic complications.

Obesity increases DNA damage in the breast epithelium.

Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Yet, how obesity contributes to cancer initiation is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine if the body mass index (BMI) and metabolic hallmarks of obesity are related to DNA damage in normal breast tissue.

Analysis of the correlations between changes in posterior segment and anterior chamber segment after implantable collamer lens implantation in highly myopic patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation on anterior chamber angle parameters and posterior segment structures in highly myopic eyes and explore potential correlations between these changes. The study aimed to assess alterations in superficial and deep vessel density (SVD, DVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness to clarify the safety profile of ICL implantation.

Methods: Prospective observational study, included 36 highly myopic eyes undergoing ICL implantation in surgery group and 23 non-surgical control eyes in non-surgery group.

Understanding factors influencing safety and team functionality at operative vaginal birth through multidisciplinary perspectives: a mixed methods study.

Background: Operative vaginal birth (OVB) relies on effective teamwork to optimise outcomes. This study aims to explore providers' perspectives of factors influencing safety and team functionality at OVB.

Methods: This mixed methods study involved four maternity sites at Monash Health, Australia.

Hyoid bone-based sex discrimination among Egyptians using a multidetector computed tomography: discriminant function analysis, meta-analysis, and artificial intelligence-assisted study.

The hyoid bone has been identified as sexually dimorphic in various populations. The current study is a forerunner analysis that used three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D MDCT) images of the hyoid bone to examine sexual dimorphism in the Egyptian population. A total of 300 subjects underwent neck CT imaging, with an additional 60 subjects randomly selected for model validation.

Optimizing the graft size in the Evans osteotomy to minimize the calcaneocuboid joint pressure by highly realistic in-silico analysis.

This contribution details a new high-fidelity finite element analysis (FEA) methodology for the investigation of the effect of the graft size on the pressure distribution developing at the calcaneocuboid joint after the Evans osteotomy procedure. The FEA model includes all 28 bones of the foot up to the distal end of fibula and tibia as well as soft tissues, tendons, and muscles. The developed FEA model was validated by comparing the in-vivo pressure distribution on the foot plantar with the in-silico results, resulting in a low deviation equal to 7.

Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent inflammatory condition significantly impacting quality of life, yet lacks effective pharmacological therapies. Herein, we proposed a novel approach to modulate the inflammation through metabolic remodeling, thus promoting dry eye recovery. Our study demonstrated that co-treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) yielded the best therapeutic outcome against dry eye, surpassing monotherapy outcomes.

Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background: Chlorination is a widespread method for drinking water disinfection that has the drawback of introducing potentially carcinogenic chemical by-products to drinking water.

Objective: We systematically evaluated the epidemiologic evidence of exposure to trihalomethane (THM) disinfection by-products and risk of cancer.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies that assessed the association of exposure to residential concentrations of THMs with risk of cancer in adults.

Postprandial parasympathetic signals promote lung type 2 immunity.

Lung type 2 immunity protects against pathogenic infection, but its dysregulation causes asthma. Although it has long been observed that symptoms of asthmatic patients often become exaggerated following food intake, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this postprandial phenomenon is incompletely understood. Here, we report that lung type 2 immunity in mice is enhanced after feeding, which correlates with parasympathetic activation.