Advancing Glaucoma Treatment During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Contemporary Management Strategies and Prospective Therapeutic Developments.

The management of glaucoma in pregnancy and breastfeeding requires a careful evaluation of treatment choices to guarantee the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This review explores the intricacies of controlling glaucoma in pregnant and breastfeeding women, including a comprehensive overview of existing glaucoma treatment methods, clinical guidelines, and future therapeutic approaches. The efficacy and safety profiles of traditional treatment approaches, such as topical and systemic medicines and surgical treatments, are evaluated specifically about their use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The Potential for Lifestyle Intervention Among Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Based on Patient Needs Including Smoking and Other Risky Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75% of cases. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the standard treatment, but it is associated with significant risks of complications and recurrence. Risky lifestyle factors, including smoking, malnutrition, obesity, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (collectively termed SNAP factors), may worsen surgical outcomes and increase cancer recurrence.

Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women with Disabilities: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Chile.

The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is one of the most effective methods for cervical cancer screening. However, women with disabilities are less likely to be screened. The objective of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in Pap test utilisation between women with and without disabilities and to analyse the demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics associated with Pap test uptake among women with disabilities in Chile.

Development of a Stringent Ex Vivo-Burned Porcine Skin Wound Model to Screen Topical Antimicrobial Agents.

: Due to rising antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, there is a pressing need to screen approved drugs for repurposing and to develop new antibiotics for controlling infections. Current in vitro and ex vivo models have mostly been unsuccessful in establishing in vivo relevance. In this study, we developed a stringent ex vivo-burned porcine skin model with high in vivo relevance to screen topical antimicrobials.

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Cerebral Edema Using Ultrasonic Echo Signal Features and Machine Learning.

Objectives: Cerebral edema, a prevalent consequence of brain injury, is associated with significant mortality and disability. Timely diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for patient prognosis. There is a pressing clinical demand for a real-time, non-invasive cerebral edema monitoring method.

Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and HLA Expression as Potential Biomarkers Predicting Response to PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy in Stage IV Melanoma Patients.

PD-1 inhibitors are known to be effective in melanoma; however, a considerable proportion of patients fail to respond to therapy, necessitating the identification of predictive markers. We examined the predictive value of tumor cell HLA class I and II expression and immune cell infiltration in melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Pretreatment surgical samples from 40 stage IV melanoma patients were studied immunohistochemically for melanoma cell expression of HLA class I molecules (using four antibody clones with different specificities), HLA-II, and immune cell infiltration (using a panel of 10 markers).

Notch Signaling and PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potentialities of Combined Therapies.

Immunotherapy has shown significant improvement in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to TKIs as first-line treatment. Unfortunately, approximately 30% of HCC exhibits intrinsic resistance to ICIs, making new therapeutic combinations urgently needed. The dysregulation of the Notch signaling pathway observed in HCC can affect immune cell response, reducing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

Multifaceted Aspects of Dysfunctional Myelopoiesis in Cancer and Therapeutic Perspectives with Focus on HCC.

Myelopoiesis provides for the formation and continued renewal of cells belonging primarily to the innate immune system. It is a highly plastic process that secures the response to external and internal stimuli to face acute and changing needs. Infections and chronic diseases including cancer can modulate it by producing several factors, impacting proliferation and differentiation programs.

Evaluating Treatment Outcomes in Women with Node-Negative T1 Breast Cancers.

Background: With greater awareness and increased screening, cancers are increasingly being diagnosed at stage I. Women with these small node-negative tumours have excellent survival prospects after surgery, but many women, especially those with triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2-positive tumours, still receive adjuvant systemic treatments to reduce the recurrence risk.

Aims: We review the outcomes of women diagnosed with stage I (T1N0M0) tumours in our unit and examine the effect of systemic chemotherapy with/without targeted therapy on recurrence patterns and survival outcomes.

Cognitive Functioning in Children and Young People with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.

: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent condition affecting young people that often necessitates complex medical interventions. This study aims to provide a synthesis of existing meta-analyses examining the impact of CHD on the cognitive functioning in children and young people; : A comprehensive literature review was conducted, identifying peer-reviewed meta-analyses from 1 January 1976 to 17 December 2024, focusing on the cognitive outcomes of CHD patients aged 0-24 years. Data extraction covered study details, participant demographics, outcomes, and quality assessments.

Perceived Health Needs, Social Support, and Depression Among Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality globally. Myocardial infarction (MI), a major type of cardiovascular disease, presents long-term challenges for patients. Recognizing patients' perceived health needs and the factors that influence them is crucial for providing comprehensive care and improving outcomes.

Evaluation of a Specialist Nurse-Led Post-Coronary Heart Disease Support Program: A Prospective Pre-Post Interventional Study.

Introduction: The impact of multidisciplinary supervised cardiac rehabilitation programs on reducing the risk of having heart problems in the future is well documented. However, little is known about nurse-led post-coronary heart disease (post-CHD).

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational and counseling-structured nurse-led post-CHD support program by assessing the prediction of psychological, behavioral and dietary variables in relation to adherence to a care plan in a single hospital in Athens (Greece).

Radical Mastectomy Efficiently Improves Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Dogs with Malignant Mammary Tumors.

The incidence of mammary gland tumors in dogs is a significant issue, characterized by notable rates of malignancy, recurrence, and disease burden. However, the lack of comprehensive information and correlated studies has presented challenges in establishing an effective surgical treatment strategy. In this study, a cohort of 95 dogs diagnosed with mammary tumors underwent evaluation using various surgical methods, medications, ovariohysterectomy, and assessments of margin completeness to analyze clinical outcomes.

Oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic, laparoscopic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma: a propensity score matched international multicenter cohort study.

Background: Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) typically presents at an early stage due to biliary obstruction and therefore might be specifically suitable for minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD). However, studies assessing MIPD specifically for AAC, including the robotic and laparoscopic approach, are limited. The aim of this study is to compare short- and long-term oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic (RPD), laparoscopic (LPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) performed specifically for AAC.

[Clinical analysis of oral mucositis after secondary allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematological diseases].

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with hematological diseases who received secondary allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . This study retrospectively analyzed data on 58 patients with hematological diseases who underwent secondary allo-HSCT at the Peking University People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The control group included 116 randomized patients after primary allo-HSCT during this period (1:2 ratio) with matched gender, age, and diagnosis.

Hybrid Achilles tendon repair with gastrocnemius fascia turn-down flap for fracture of ossified Achilles tendon.

Introduction And Importance: Fractures of ossified Achilles tendons are rare and often associated with repetitive jumping and sprinting in young athletes. Although the exact cause of Achilles tendon ossification is unclear, prior trauma and surgery are common contributing factors.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old male recreational athlete experienced acute pain in his right heel after a football game.

Advancing sustainability in healthcare: A scoping review of global recycling practices in operating rooms.

The healthcare sector, particularly operating rooms (ORs), generates significant waste, contributing to global environmental pollution. This scoping review aimed to assess global recycling practices in ORs across various surgical specialties, identifying key barriers and strategies for improvement. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Embase and PRISMA reporting guidelines yielded 35 studies for inclusion.

Stereo-EEG around the world: State of the art in Italy.

Stereo-EEG is not just a diagnostic examination but a complex methodology, requiring an accurate synthesis of many data (anatomical, clinical, neurophysiological, cognitive, metabolic, and genetic). The implantation scheme is decided based on a hypothesis (or hypotheses) of epileptogenic zone localization. Subsequently, intracerebral electrical stimulation is used to define the extent of highly functional cortical regions and to reproduce the clinical symptoms and signs associated with seizures.

Incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: Therapeutic interventions for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have increased greatly over the last decade but improvements outside of biomarker selected therapies have been limited. There remains a pressing need for more effective treatment options that can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life of patients with EOC. In contrast to the significant benefits of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) seen in many solid tumors, initial experience in EOC suggests limited efficacy of CPIs monotherapy.

The current (and possible future) role of opioid analgesia in lung cancer surgery.

The objectives of this minireview are two-fold. The first is to discuss the evolution of opioid analgesia in perioperative medicine in the context of thoracic non-cardiac surgery. Current standard-of-care, aiming to optimize analgesia and limit undesirable side effects, is discussed in the context of multimodal analgesia, specifically enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery pathways.

Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Resistant Tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 and 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question.

Changes in upper airway airflow after rapid maxillary expansion considering normal craniofacial development as a factor: a retrospective study using computer fluid dynamics.

Background/objectives: Evidence suggests nasal airflow resistance reduces after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, the medium-term effects of RME on upper airway (UA) airflow characteristics when normal craniofacial development is considered are still unclear. This retrospective cohort study used computer fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the medium-term changes in the UA airflow (pressure and velocity) after RME in two distinct age-based cohorts.

Innovative Integration of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Telesurgery and Quantum Cryptography Communication in Urology: Clinical Application and Initial Experience.

Background: The emergence of telesurgery has received global interest, with secure network transmission identified as a crucial determinant of its success. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and viability of employing quantum cryptography communication in remote partial nephrectomy.

Methods: The surgeon operated on the patient from a distance of over 260 km using remote control of a surgical robot.

Tacrolimus to belatacept conversion in proteinuric kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Proteinuria is associated with worse allograft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and treatment strategies are limited. We examined the outcomes of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) to belatacept conversion in proteinuric KTRs.

Methods: In a pilot phase II single-arm multicenter prospective trial, we recruited adult KTRs >6 months post-kidney transplantation with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 ml/min/1.

Effects of face protector devices on acoustic parameters of voice.

Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical and social contexts to reduce exposure and prevent pathogen transmission. This study aims to analyse possible changes in voice and speech parameters with and without PPE.

Methods: Speech samples using different types of PPE were obtained.