Urethral reconstruction using amniotic membrane allograft in hereditary androgen insensitivity syndrome: a case series.

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder. While most cases are sporadic, familial cases are less frequent. The management of this syndrome follows a multidisciplinary approach involving hormone substitution, psychological counseling, and surgical procedures.

Successful management of ectopic kidney stones in a patient with situs inversus totalis: a rare case report.

Background: Situs inversus totalis is a very rare congenital anatomical variation, in which all thoracic and abdominal organs are right-left inverted. This condition is associated with an increased risk of organ malformations including ectopic kidney, which is a very rare combination.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male presented with colicky left iliac pain associated with nausea, vomiting, and irritative lower urinary symptoms.

Multiple vas deferens with polyorchidism and many congenital malformations in a symptomatic 11-year-old male patient: a rare case report.

Background: Ductus deferens may manifest in a variety of anomalies such as its absence, duplication, ectopy, or diverticulum. Ectopic seminal tract opening has two main types, ectopic ejaculatory duct opening, and ectopic vas deferens opening. Generally, ductus deferens anomalies affect approximately 0.

The effect of the Syrian crisis on organ transplantation in Syria.

The war in Syria that started in March 2011 has destroyed much of the country's infrastructure including many hospitals. The total number of kidney transplants performed in Syria in 2010 was 385 transplants before the number gradually declined to 154 transplants in 2013, a decrease of 60%. In addition, the number of operational kidney transplant centers has decreased from 8 to 4 centers.

Cyclosporin-A induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a recently proposed clinico-neuroradiological entity observed in a variety of clinical settings such as cyclosporin A (CsA) neurotoxicity. We report a 3.5-year-old Syrian boy in whom steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was recently diagnosed.

Pediatric renal transplantation in syria: a single center experience.

Renal transplantation (RTx) is widely accepted as the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is a retrospective analysis of the results of RTx in children performed at the Surgical Kidney Hospital, Damascus, Syria. Between November 2002 and November 2004, a total of 176 RTx procedures have been performed in our center.

Organ failure in Syria: initiating a national deceased donation program.

In the absence of formal registry data, the volume and causes of organ failure in Syria are difficult to establish with certainty. However, we evaluated in this study the extent of organ failure by collecting data from health care authorities in different medical institutions who are involved in caring for patients with organ failure. Subsequently, we assessed the problem of the widening gap between organ supply and demand in our country and we highlighted the obstacles to initiating a national deceased donation program as a viable option to address the challenge of organ shortage.

Cyclosporine utilization in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children.

The treatment of steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) imposes one of the most perplexing and frustrating problems on nephrologists. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is widely considered as the treatment of choice for steroid-resistant or dependent nephrotic children. We reviewed the clinical outcome in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) under CsA treatment.