9,554 results match your criteria: "Surgery of the Thymus Gland"

Background: Immune reconstitution is a significant factor in the success of "hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" (HSCT). Delaying the immune reconstitution increases the risk of infections and relapse after transplantation. T-cell recovery after HSCT is mainly thymus-dependent, and thymic atrophy is associated with various clinical conditions that correlate with HSCT outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

During thymic development, most γδ T cells acquire innate-like characteristics that are critical for their function in tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and tissue repair. The mechanisms, however, that regulate γδ T cell developmental programming remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway regulates the development and function of multiple innate-like γδ T cell subsets.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Reactivation of thymopoiesis in adult patients with autoimmune disorders treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is supported by studies exploring immunoreconstitution. Radiological evidence of thymic hyperplasia after AHSCT was previously reported in patients with systemic sclerosis, but, to our knowledge, it has not been described in multiple sclerosis (MS), where premature thymic involution has been observed and immunosenescence might be accelerated by disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

Participants And Methods: monocentric case series including MS patients who performed a chest CT scan for clinical purposes after having received AHSCT (BEAM/ATG regimen) for aggressive MS failing DMTs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops spontaneously despite functional antigen presentation machinery in the thymus and a perceptible central tolerance process. We found that intrathymic enrichment with IL-4 fine tunes signaling through the IL-4/IL-13 heteroreceptor (HR) in early thymic progenitors (ETPs), augments negative selection of self-reactive T cells, sustains a diverse T cell repertoire devoid of clones expressing disease-associated T cell receptor (TCR) genes, and protects the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse from T1D. Indeed, optimal IL-4 activates STAT transcription factors to program ETP fate decision toward CD11c+CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) agile in negative T cell selection and clonal deletion of diabetogenic T cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

T cells develop from circulating precursor cells, which enter the thymus and migrate through specialized subcompartments that support their maturation and selection. In humans, this process starts in early fetal development and is highly active until thymic involution in adolescence. To map the microanatomical underpinnings of this process in pre- and early postnatal stages, we established a quantitative morphological framework for the thymus-the Cortico-Medullary Axis-and used it to perform a spatially resolved analysis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in newborns, often requiring cardiac surgery with concomitant thymectomy that is known to increase disease susceptibility later in life. Studies of γδ T cells, which are one of the dominant T cells in the early fetal human thymus, are rare. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the γδ T cell compartment via flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing in children and infants with CHD, who underwent cardiac surgery shortly after birth.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A report on five cases of cholesterol granulomas in the thymus.

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Cases

August 2024

Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Background: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is a benign entity characterized by the presence of cholesterol crystals and foreign body giant cells. This condition can be attributed to cholesterol crystals that are deposited in the tissues and react with foreign body giant cells, resulting in granuloma formation. Lesions commonly develop in the otolaryngeal region, such as the middle ear.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Thymus resident B cells were described more than 40 years ago. In early human life, these cells are found predominantly in the medulla and overwhelmingly display an unswitched IgM+ phenotype. The reactivity of thymic IgM B cells, however, is still unclear.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Long-term immunological changes after corrective cardiac surgery.

Scand J Immunol

December 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy and Master's/Doctoral Program, Jeffrey Modell Primary Immunodeficiency Diagnosis Center, Işıl Barlan Translational Medicine Center, Immunodeficiency Application and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Article Synopsis
  • * A study involving 22 patients post-thymectomy indicated significant long-term immunological changes, such as lymphopenia, reduced naive T cell counts, and low immunoglobulin levels, pointing to early immune aging.
  • * Despite these changes, most patients still showed positive vaccine responses, but the findings suggest a need for preserving thymic tissue during surgery and increased monitoring for immune-related complications over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Immunologic self-tolerance involves signals from co-inhibitory receptors. Several T cell co-inhibitors, including PD-1, are expressed upon activation, whereas CD5 and BTLA are expressed constitutively. The relationship between constitutively expressed co-inhibitors and when they are needed is unknown.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A thymoma is a rare, aggressive tumor of the thymus gland that can lead to complications like recurrence and autoimmune disorders, and its relationship with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is not fully understood.
  • The case study involves a 69-year-old male with a history of recurrent thymoma and the later development of MDS, despite multiple treatment attempts including surgery and various therapies.
  • This situation highlights the need for more research into the connection between thymoma and hematologic disorders, as well as the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing such complex cases for better patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Generation of a functional and self-tolerant T cell repertoire is a complex process dependent on the thymic microenvironment and, primarily, on the properties of its extracellular matrix (ECM). Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are crucial in thymopoiesis, nurturing and selecting developing T cells by filtering self-reactive clones. TECs have been empirically demonstrated to be particularly sensitive to physical and chemical clues supplied by the ECM and classical monolayer cell culture leads to a quick loss of functionality until their death.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Detection of Thymoma Disease Using mRMR Feature Selection and Transformer Models.

Diagnostics (Basel)

September 2024

Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.

Background: Thymoma is a tumor that originates in the thymus gland, a part of the human body located behind the breastbone. It is a malignant disease that is rare in children but more common in adults and usually does not spread outside the thymus. The exact cause of thymic disease is not known, but it is thought to be more common in people infected with the EBV virus at an early age.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to improve surgical outcomes for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism by investigating effective diagnostic methods for locating parathyroid glands before surgery.
  • A retrospective analysis of 710 patients revealed that using Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging in combination with ultrasound significantly enhanced gland detection rates compared to using either method alone.
  • The results indicated a high incidence of ectopic parathyroid glands, particularly in the left lower region, highlighting the importance of detailed anatomical understanding for successful surgical interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Thymic involution is a key factor in human immune aging, leading to reduced thymic output and a decline in recent thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Currently, the precise definition of human RTEs and their corresponding cell surface markers lacks clarity. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq/ATAC-seq data distinguished RTEs by the expression of SOX4, IKZF2, and TOX and CD38 protein, whereby surface CD38 expression universally identified CD8 and CD4 RTEs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • SCID is a serious genetic condition that causes the body to have very few T-cells, which are important for fighting off infections.
  • This condition can happen because of problems in T-cell development or the cells that help T-cells grow, making babies very vulnerable to severe illnesses.
  • Treatments include special cell transplants, gene therapy, or even putting a new thymus in the body, and screening babies at birth helps catch SCID early so they can get better care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The structural components of the thymus are essential for guiding T cell development, but a thorough spatial view is still absent. Here we develop the TSO-his tool, designed to integrate multimodal data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the intricate structure of human thymus. Specifically, we characterize dynamic changes in cell types and critical markers, identifying ELOVL4 as a mediator of CD4 T cell positive selection in the cortex.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Conventional dendritic cells are more activated in the hyperplastic Thymus of myasthenia gravis patients.

J Neuroimmunol

October 2024

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou 510080, China; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial to form ectopic germinal centers (GCs) in the hyperplastic thymus (HT), which are typically found in anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibody-positive myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. However, the characteristics of such DCs in the HT and their roles in thymic hyperplasia formation remain unclear.

Methods: We collected thymic tissue from MG patients and patients who underwent cardiac surgery.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cold exposure, especially in combination with exercise, is a common procedure to fortify the body. However, its effects in old age are poorly understood. Using the homeostasis stability coefficient as an indicator, the body response to a 20-min swim in cold water was for the first time studied comprehensively in old and young Wistar rats.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brain metastases from a thymoma: Case report for a rare secondary localization.

Radiol Case Rep

October 2024

University of Tunis El-Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma and Burns Center, Ben Arous, Tunisia.

Article Synopsis
  • Thymomas are usually benign tumors from the thymus gland, but they can become malignant if they invade surrounding tissues, and they rarely spread to distant sites.
  • A case study of a 63-year-old man showed that his brain lesions were metastases from a primary thymoma, classified as B3, which was confirmed after surgery and further examination.
  • Although he was recommended for chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient sadly passed away shortly after starting treatment, highlighting the poor prognosis for those with brain metastases from thymomas and the need for prompt surgical intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Spatial transcriptomics elucidates medulla niche supporting germinal center response in myasthenia gravis-associated thymoma.

Cell Rep

September 2024

Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Myasthenia gravis (MG) is connected to thymus abnormalities, but the specific pathologic features in the thymus are not well understood.
  • This study utilized spatial transcriptome analysis to investigate thymoma (tumors of the thymus) and thymic hyperplasia (thymus enlargement) samples, revealing that most thymomas are primarily composed of cortex, while the medullary region is notably enlarged in seropositive cases.
  • The research highlights that the medulla contains unique immune structures and cell types that may be critical to MG pathology, suggesting these regions are important for future understanding and treatment of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF