Silent Damage by Micro-aspirations: Untangling the Connection of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Achalasia With Interstitial Lung Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently triggers respiratory conditions such as asthma and pneumonia. Inflammation occurs as a result of aspirated material, leading to symptoms such as cough, sputum production, chest discomfort from the involvement of the lower respiratory tract, and voice hoarseness owing to the involvement of the larynx. Repeated exposure to irritants can lead to fibrosis in the lungs.

Racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and 11-year dementia risk among older adults in the United States.

Aims: Social isolation has been implicated in the development of cognitive impairment, but research on this association remains limited among racial-ethnic minoritized populations. Our study examined the interplay between social isolation, race-ethnicity and dementia.

Methods: We analyzed 11 years (2011-2021) of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data, a prospective nationally representative cohort of U.

Regulating the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the retina.

We summarize recent findings in different animal models regarding the different cell-signaling pathways and gene networks that influence the reprogramming of Müller glia into proliferating, neurogenic progenitor cells in the retina. Not surprisingly, most of the cell-signaling pathways that guide the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic retinal progenitors also influence the ability of Müller glia to become proliferating Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs). Further, the neuronal differentiation of MGPC progeny is potently inhibited by networks of neurogenesis-suppressing genes in chick and mouse models but occurs freely in zebrafish.

Prognostic Factors in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of CALGB 30610-RTOG 0538.

Importance: The impact of patient-specific, disease-related, and social factors on outcomes in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is not well defined. A post hoc secondary analysis of such factors from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30610-Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0538 trial may impact future trial design.

Objective: To assess the comprehensive demographic, disease-related, treatment-related, and social factors for potential associations with survival outcomes and understand whether specific subpopulations may benefit from radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation in LS-SCLC.

ATN blood biomarkers are related to digital cognitive assessment in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Associations between amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) plasma biomarkers and cognition have not been characterized in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Using data from participants in the Glycemic Variability and Fluctuations in Cognitive Status in Adults with T1D (GluCog) study ( = 114), we evaluated associations between phosphorylated tau (pTau)181, pTau217, β-amyloid 42/40 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) and self-administered digital cognitive tests, adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidities (e.g.

Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Hearing Loss and Hearing Intervention in Older US Adults.

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing assistance device use among older adults in the United States, and assess for associations with select social determinants of health (SDOH).

Study Design: Cross-sectional US population-based study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) data.

Setting: Non-institutionalized civilian adult US population.

Incidence of Compartment Syndrome Following Peri-Pandemic Intervention for Non-traumatic Acute Limb Ischemia.

Objective: During the pandemic, our institution anecdotally observed a significant proportion of acute limb ischemia (ALI) patients developing compartment syndrome (CS) following revascularization compared to pre-pandemic rates. To determine whether this perceived increase was occurring globally, we utilized the TriNetX database to evaluate the incidence of CS secondary to ALI intervention in both the pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic eras (2020-2022).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter query using the TriNetX global research network for ALI patients receiving treatment.

Associations Between Characteristics of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors and Their Use of Different Social Media Platforms: An Observational Study of Social Media Accounts.

The growing number of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their unmet needs demand innovative communication and care strategies. This study uses social media data to examine how survivors' demographic and clinical characteristics relate to their social media use. Data from 300 AYA cancer survivors on six social media sites (YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Reddit, X/formerly Twitter) were collected between August 2022 and March 2023 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests (chi-square, Fisher's exact, Welch, Games-Howell post-hoc, logistic regression).

Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix Protein Hydrogels for Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Studies.

The extracellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of cell behaviors. Biopolymer hydrogels are ideally suited to present a realistic three-dimensional extracellular milieu to cells in vitro. Here, we describe the fabrication and use of soft tissue-mimetic extracellular matrix protein hydrogels for investigations of human trabecular meshwork cell biology.

Daily manifestations of psychopathology in response to stress.

Psychological functioning is shaped by how people navigate their environment. Accordingly, psychopathology is often caused and maintained by patterns of responding to the environment that do not meet situational demands. In particular, psychopathology is often expressed in an inflexible or intense manner of coping with stressful situations.

Promoting diversity in clinical trials: insights from planning the ALUMNI AD study in historically underrepresented US populations with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Clinical trial participation across disease areas, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been biased towards White participants of European ancestry. To support clinical decision-making across diverse populations, we must recognize and address barriers to trial participation. To inform the design of ALUMNI AD, a trial focused on historically underrepresented AD populations, we held advice-seeking fora with key stakeholders to understand barriers and identify potential solutions to maximize trial participation of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the US.

Cognition mediates the relationship between white matter hyperintensity and motor function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a common neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and a critical independent predictor of motor dysfunction, which increases the risk of disability, morbidity, and mortality. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between WMH and motor function has not yet been fully clarified. It was hypothesized that cognitive impairment mediates the relationship between WMH and motor dysfunction in patients with SVD, which were considered predictor and outcome variables, respectively.

An anthropomorphic diagnosis system of pulmonary nodules using weak annotation-based deep learning.

The accurate categorization of lung nodules in CT scans is an essential aspect in the prompt detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. The categorization of grade and texture for nodules is particularly significant since it can aid radiologists and clinicians to make better-informed decisions concerning the management of nodules. However, currently existing nodule classification techniques have a singular function of nodule classification and rely on an extensive amount of high-quality annotation data, which does not meet the requirements of clinical practice.

Efficacy and Safety of a Tubeless AID System Compared With Pump Therapy With CGM in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults With Suboptimal Glycemia: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of the tubeless Omnipod 5 automated insulin delivery (AID) system compared with pump therapy with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) in adults with type 1 diabetes with suboptimal glycemic outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: In this 13-week multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial performed in the U.S.

Legal Involvement in Pediatric Cancer Treatment Refusal: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To characterize the spectrum of legal options considered in cases of treatment refusal, nonadherence, and abandonment (TRNA); clinicians' thought processes regarding legal intervention; and perceived consequences of legal involvement.

Methods: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 30 pediatric oncologists between May and September of 2019 regarding experiences with TRNA. The interview guide covered types of conflicts encountered; factors and strategies considered in response; effects of TRNA cases, personally and professionally; the role of ethical frameworks and legal requirements; and resources needed to manage TRNA cases.

Academic Health System Framework for Health Services Transformation: A Perspective View from West Java, Indonesia.

Although the field of medicine has made significant progress in recent decades, low and middle-income countries continue to face significant difficulties in addressing the unprecedented obstacles to improving health. Medical schools should play a critical role in driving health services reform and take on a new leadership role in strengthening the health system. This paper discusses a conceptual framework and outlines the Academic Health Systems (AHS) agenda in Indonesia.

The Role of Maximal TURBT in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Balancing Benefits in Bladder Preservation and Beyond.

Radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection and urinary diversion is the gold-standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, in patients who refuse cystectomy, or in whom cystectomy carries a high risk, bladder-preserving therapies remain potential options. Bladder preservation therapies can include maximal debulking transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), concurrent chemoradiation therapy, followed by cystoscopy to assess response.

Accidental Physical Trauma in Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs: A Scoping Review.

Background: Children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) may be at greater risk for accidental physical trauma. Interventions should be informed by the literature indicating incident characteristics and at-risk subpopulations.

Objective: To conduct a scoping review of accidental physical trauma in CYSHCN to characterize published literature and identify gaps.

L4-L5 Facet Dislocation Treated in a Delayed Fashion with Excellent Early Clinical Results.

Introduction: Introduction: Lumbar facet fracture-dislocations are rare injuries that are generated from a significant trauma. Literature regarding these injuries is limited to case reports, and there are even more limited reports concerning whether the delay of operative intervention in neurologically intact patients can achieve good clinical results if concomitant injuries and/or medical issues preclude urgent operative intervention. There has been no consensus on which operative techniques are effective in achieving an anatomic reduction of these injuries.

Early-career and fellow gynecologic oncologists perceive underpreparedness for the business of medicine: A Society of gynecologic oncology survey study.

Objective: There is a research gap on the impact of payment, reimbursement, and academic productivity in career decision-making for early-career (EC) attendings in gynecologic oncology. We sought to assess gynecologic oncology fellows and EC attendings on their knowledge and perceptions regarding the business of medicine.

Methods: An anonymous survey was electronically disseminated to fellow and EC SGO members.

An Open-Label Extension Study Assessing the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background And Objective: Viloxazine ER (extended-release capsules; Qelbree) is a nonstimulant medication that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children (> 6 years old) and adults. This phase 3 open-label extension to a pivotal phase 3, double-blind trial evaluated the long-term safety and continued efficacy of viloxazine ER in adults with ADHD.

Methods: This was a multicenter, flexible-dose, open-label extension to a phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04016779).