Remote monitoring of social attention in neurogenetic syndromes and idiopathic neurodevelopmental disability.

Social attention is a key aspect of neurodevelopment and is significantly altered in neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes and many individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of webcam-collected social attention measurements, including four new specific aspects of social attention, in three genetic syndromes (PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome-PHTS; Malan Syndrome-NFIX; and SYNGAP1-related disorder-SYNGAP1), a mixed group of other neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (Other NDGS), and individuals with a range of idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). The secondary aim was to evaluate the construct validity of these social attention measurements, including evaluating known-groups validity across study groups and concurrent validity for separating ASD and non-ASD cases.

A biomechanical analysis of four medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction techniques.

Background: Implant free medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is an increasingly popular technique to address patellar instability. There remains sparse literature on the biomechanical differences between the most common femoral attachment fixation points including Schottle's point, superficial medial collateral ligament, and adductor magnus tendon. This study compared these reconstruction techniques as well as a novel triangle reconstruction integrating both superficial medial collateral ligament and adductor magnus tendon.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Inhaled Insulin Plus Basal Insulin Versus Usual Care in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate a regimen of inhaled Technosphere insulin (TI) plus insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes, who prestudy were predominately using either an automated insulin delivery (AID) system or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) with continuous glucose monitoring.

Research Design And Methods: At 19 sites, adults with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to TI plus insulin degludec (N = 62) or usual care (UC) with continuation of prestudy insulin delivery method (N = 61) for 17 weeks.

Results: Prestudy, AID was used by 48% and MDI by 45%.

Herpes simplex virus-1 targets the 2'-3'cGAMP importer SLC19A1 as an antiviral countermeasure.

The extracellular addition of the STING agonist, 2-3cGAMP, induces an antiviral state that inhibits HSV-1 replication in a cell type dependent manner via the transportation of the cyclic-dinucleotide through the folate antiporter SLC19A1. To establish a successful infection, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a ubiquitous virus with high seropositivity in the human population, must undermine a multitude of host innate and intrinsic immune defense mechanisms, including key players of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway. Herein, we report that HSV-1 infection results in the reduction of SLC19A1 transcription, translation, and importantly, the rapid removal of SLC19A1 from the cell surface of infected cells.

Assessment of Inter-Laboratory Variability for Flow Cytometric Crossmatch Testing: Lessons Learned from Proficiency Surveys.

Detection of antibody directed against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) using a combination of flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) and antibody tests, is an important responsibility of Histocompatibility laboratories. Proficiency testing surveys utilize the results of these assays to assess concordance across multiple laboratories. In this study, we reviewed the ASHI Proficiency Testing (PT) antibody and crossmatching (AC) survey results obtained over a 6-year period, to evaluate the degree and nature of inter-laboratory FCXM and antibody assay variability.

Cell-Specific Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Acute-Phase Proteins by the Glucocorticoid Receptor.

Background: Literature and data mining found abnormal induction of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL8 and down-regulation of CXCL2 in inflammatory liver diseases. This study was performed to understand the glucocorticoid receptor's (GR's) effects on chemokine and acute-phase protein expression in human liver, in settings of bacterial infection (modeled using LPS) or inflammation (modeled using TNF).

Methods: Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were treated with combinations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h, following which chemokine mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays.

Pediatric firearm injuries and socioeconomic vulnerability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Pediatric firearm injuries disproportionately affect groups experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. Firearm injuries increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact on communities by degree of socioeconomic disadvantage is unknown. We examined the association between socioeconomic vulnerability and change in pediatric firearm injuries before versus during the pandemic.

Age Self Care, a program to improve aging in place through group learning and incremental behavior change: Preliminary data.

Background: Few programs exist to support aging in place for older adults. Age Self Care is a novel program providing older adults with evidence-based information using group sessions embedded within the structure of a community-based organization (CBO) to facilitate behavior change and support aging in place. We report on a preliminary study of Age Self Care conducted in collaboration between the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Division of Geriatrics, At Home With Growing Older (AHWGO), and San Francisco Village (SF Village).

Safety and efficacy of lumen-apposing metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has variable outcomes according to the type of lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) used. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data.

Methods: Online databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS, were searched from inception to 30 January 2024.

Pediatric Silent Sinus Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Objectives: Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare condition involving idiopathic maxillary sinus underdevelopment, orbital floor resorption, enophthalmos, and hypoglobus. SSS is more commonly described in adults, with only very limited literature in the pediatric population. Given the rarity of the condition, there is a lack of consensus regarding proper diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.

NSC95397 Is a Novel HIV-1 Latency-Reversing Agent.

The latent viral reservoir represents one of the major barriers to curing HIV-1. Focus on the "kick and kill" (also called "shock and kill") approach, in which virus expression is reactivated, and then cells producing virus are selectively depleted, has led to the discovery of many latency-reversing agents (LRAs) that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms driving HIV-1 latency and latency reversal. Thus far, individual compounds have yet to be robust enough to work as a therapy, highlighting the importance of identifying new compounds that target novel pathways and synergize with known LRAs.

Pain-Associated Diagnoses in Childhood Before the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study.

Pediatric pain significantly affects children's lives, leading to school absenteeism, impaired social interactions, and psychological distress. The perception of sensory signals as pain is influenced by the brain's noradrenergic system, and recent evidence suggests that chronic pain may impact cognitive functioning and emotional regulation. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with alterations in the dopaminergic/noradrenergic systems, which could affect pain perception.

Poor adherence rates to the minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO) guidelines for clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma for osteochondral lesions of the talus: A systematic review.

Introduction: The Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopaedics (MIBO) guidelines were developed in 2017 in order to establish a standardized approach for reporting key characteristics in platelet rich plasma (PRP)-based studies. However, the adherence to the guidelines from authors publishing data on studies related to the use of PPR in the management of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to analyze how well clinical trials on PRP interventions for OLTs adhered to the MIBO guidelines.

COVID-19 testing and financial toxicity in cancer survivors.

Purpose: To investigate the financial strain placed upon cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We investigated the association of COVID-19 testing with financial toxicity among individuals with a history of cancer from using cross-sectional data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analysis assessed associations between clinical and sociodemographic covariates with being unable to pay medical bills currently and having problems paying medical bills over the last 12 months.

TRPV4 overactivation enhances cellular contractility and drives ocular hypertension in TGFβ2 overexpressing eyes.

The risk for developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) correlates with the magnitude of ocular hypertension (OHT) and the concentration of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) in the aqueous humor. Effective treatment of POAG requires detailed understanding of interaction between pressure sensing mechanisms in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and biochemical risk factors. Here, we employed molecular, optical, electrophysiological and tonometric strategies to establish the role of TGFβ2 in transcription and functional expression of mechanosensitive channel isoforms alongside studies of TM contractility in biomimetic hydrogels, and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation in a mouse model of TGFβ2 -induced OHT.

Arousal threshold modifies the effect of CPAP on executive function among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea.

Unlabelled: Arousal Threshold Modifies the Effect of CPAP on Executive Function Among Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. However, randomized trials evaluating the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on neurocognition in those without dementia do not show a benefit.

Health Care Personnel Attitudes Toward Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccines.

Introduction: A level of hesitancy existed among parents when United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pediatric COVID-19 vaccines were introduced. We explored attitudes, beliefs, and willingness of health care personnel (HCP) as parents to vaccinate children less than 18 years of age.

Methods: We developed a cross-sectional survey for HCPs as parents, including clinical and nonclinical staff, researchers, and trainees at a single academic medical institution.

Spontaneous globe rupture from an intraocular melanotic schwannoma.

Introduction: Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare neoplasm composed of Schwann cells with melanosomes in various maturation stages. While MS is typically observed in spinal nerve roots or peripheral nerves, their involvement in intraocular structures is uncommon. Here, we present a case of spontaneous globe rupture as the presenting feature of intraocular extension of a MS.

Metastasis development in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most common type of bladder cancer presentation and is characterized by a varying probability of recurrence and progression. Sporadically, patients with NMIBC might also develop tumour metastases without any pathological evidence of muscle-invasive disease within the bladder, a condition known as metastatic NMIBC. In the published literature, this phenomenon is limited to several case reports and small reviews, with few data regarding the possible aetiologies.