Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan Using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization.

We present an empirically benchmarked framework for sex-specific normative modeling of brain morphometry that can inform about the biological and behavioral significance of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. This framework was developed using regional morphometric data from 37,407 healthy individuals (53% female; aged 3-90 years) following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The Multivariate Factorial Polynomial Regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm optimized using nonlinear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates.

Implementation of a retrofit MRI simulator for radiation therapy planning.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being integrated into routine radiation therapy (RT) planning workflows. To reap the benefits of this imaging modality, patient positioning, image acquisition parameters and a quality assurance programme must be considered for accurate use. This paper will report on the implementation of a retrofit MRI Simulator for RT planning, demonstrating an economical, resource efficient solution to improve the accuracy of MRI in this setting.

Evaluating preferences for online psychological interventions to decrease cannabis use in young adults with psychosis: An observational study.

Innovative technology-based solutions have the potential to improve access to clinically proven interventions for cannabis use disorder (CUD) in individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP). High patient engagement with app-based interventions is critical for achieving optimal outcomes. 104 individuals 18 to 35 years old with FEP and CUD from three Canadian provinces completed an electronic survey to evaluate preferences for online psychological intervention intensity, participation autonomy, feedback related to cannabis use, and technology platforms and app functionalities.

Psychopathological symptoms in parents and siblings of people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Parents and siblings of children on the autism spectrum experience significant distress, and for this reason, it is essential to understand the most prevalent psychopathological symptoms among this population. This work aims to establish the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms in parents and siblings of individuals on the autism spectrum, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) criteria. Searches were carried out using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, SciELO, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) databases.

Valuing the voice of lived experience of eating disorders in the research process: Benefits and considerations.

Although the inclusion of individuals with lived experience is encouraged within the research process, there remains inconsistent direct involvement in many mental health fields. Within the eating disorders field specifically, there is a very strong and increasing presence of lived experience advocacy. However, due to a number of potential challenges, research undertaken in consultation or in collaboration with individuals with lived experience of an eating disorder is scarce.

Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores in youth mental health: preliminary associations with diagnosis, clinical stage and functioning.

Background: The schizophrenia polygenic risk score (SCZ-PRS) is an emerging tool in psychiatry.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the utility of SCZ-PRS in a young, transdiagnostic, clinical cohort.

Method: SCZ-PRSs were calculated for young people who presented to early-intervention youth mental health clinics, including 158 patients of European ancestry, 113 of whom had longitudinal outcome data.

Obesity and Oxidative Stress in Older Adults At Risk for Dementia: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and oxidative stress in older adults at risk for dementia. It also aimed to explore the influence of physical activity on the relationship between obesity and oxidative stress in this at risk cohort.

Methods: Older adults at risk for dementia underwent comprehensive medical, neuropsychological, and psychiatric assessment.

Prostate cancer GTV delineation with biparametric MRI and Ga-PSMA-PET: comparison of expert contours and semi-automated methods.

Objective: The optimal method for delineation of dominant intraprostatic lesions (DIL) for targeted radiotherapy dose escalation is unclear. This study evaluated interobserver and intermodality variability of delineations on biparametric MRI (bpMRI), consisting of weighted (W) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) sequences, and Ga-PSMA-PET/CT; and compared manually delineated GTV contours with semi-automated segmentations based on quantitative thresholding of intraprostatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and standardised uptake values (SUV).

Methods: 16 patients who had bpMRI and PSMA-PET scanning performed prior to any treatment were eligible for inclusion.

Predicting self-harm within six months after initial presentation to youth mental health services: A machine learning study.

Background: A priority for health services is to reduce self-harm in young people. Predicting self-harm is challenging due to their rarity and complexity, however this does not preclude the utility of prediction models to improve decision-making regarding a service response in terms of more detailed assessments and/or intervention. The aim of this study was to predict self-harm within six-months after initial presentation.

Metacognitions in heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men: with or without premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are prevalent sexual problems, with evidence to suggest variation across sexual orientation. Contributing factors have traditionally been divided into organic and psychological categories. While limited research has found support for the influence of metacognitive beliefs, these studies did not investigate potential differences in sexual orientation.

Brain structural correlates of insomnia severity in 1053 individuals with major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA MDD Working Group.

It has been difficult to find robust brain structural correlates of the overall severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that specific symptoms may better reveal correlates and investigated this for the severity of insomnia, both a key symptom and a modifiable major risk factor of MDD. Cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes were assessed from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 1053 MDD patients (age range 13-79 years) from 15 cohorts within the ENIGMA MDD Working Group.

Familial aggregation of anxiety disorder subtypes and anxious temperament in the NIMH Family Study of Affective Spectrum Disorders.

Background: Evidence from family and twin studies suggests that mood and anxiety disorders, and related temperamental factors may share common etiologic factors. We examine the familial aggregation and coaggregation of anxiety disorder subtypes and anxiety-related temperamental traits, and their association with mood disorders.

Methods: A total of 477 probands and 549 first-degree adult relatives from a large community based family study of affective spectrum disorders completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews and self-reported assessments of temperamental traits including: negative affectivity on the 'Positive and Negative Affect Schedule' (PANAS), neuroticism anxiety on the 'Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire' (ZKPQ), and anxiety sensitivity on the 'Anxiety Sensitivity Index' (ASI).

Reduced cerebral pressure-flow responses are associated with electrophysiological markers of attention in healthy older adults.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the relationship between cerebrovascular function and the neural bases of sustained attention. Twenty-seven healthy young adults (aged 18-30 years) and 24 older adults (60-75 years) underwent assessments of cerebrovascular function and sustained attention. Blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery was assessed via Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound, during seated rest, in response to hypocapnic breathing (cerebrovascular reactivity) and during a repeated sit-to-stand procedure (pressure-flow response).

Associations between sleep quality and psychological distress in early adolescence.

Although numerous studies have reported an association between sleep quality and mental health, few have focused on this association exclusively in early adolescence. Targeting this age group is vital as many mental illnesses first emerge during adolescence and remain a significant burden throughout life. In the current study = 60 participants aged 12 years completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).

Why Severe COVID-19 Patients Are at Greater Risk of Developing Depression: A Molecular Perspective.

The prevailing evidence suggests that patients with severe COVID-19 seem to have an overreaction of the immune system demonstrating exacerbated levels of inflammation caused by a "cytokine storm." At this early stage, the mechanisms underpinning COVID-19 are still subject to intense scrutiny and the long-term mental health consequences as a result of the disease are unknown. Here we discuss the hypothesis that patients who survive severe COVID-19 and who experience significant activation of the immune system, are at greater risk of developing depression.

Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan.

For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females).