Common drug-drug interactions in antifungal treatments for superficial fungal infections.

Antifungal agents can be co-administered alongside several other medications for a variety of reasons such as the presence of comorbidities. Pharmacodynamic interactions such as synergistic and antagonistic interactions could be the result of co-administered medications. Pharmacokinetic interactions could also transpire through the inhibition of metabolizing enzymes and drug transport systems, altering the absorption, metabolism and excretion of co-administered medications.

Confirmatory Testing Prior to Initiating Onychomycosis Therapy Is Cost-Effective.

Background: Onychomycosis can be investigated by sampling. Information gleaned includes nail bed involvement, nail plate penetration, fungal viability, and species identification. Testing samples can confirm a diagnosis.

Onychomycosis in the 21st Century: An Update on Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Treatment.

Onychomycosis accounts for 50% of all nail disease cases and is commonly caused by dermatophytes. Diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus, immunosuppression, obesity, smoking, and advancing age are predisposing factors of this fungal infection. Potassium hydroxide and culture are considered the current standard for diagnosing onychomycosis, revealing both fungal viability and species identification.

Drug interactions of clinical significance for the dermatologist: recognition and avoidance.

While it would be impossible for any dermatologist to remember all potential drug interactions, knowledge of the mechanisms of drug interactions can help reduce the risk of serious adverse outcomes. Most drugs are associated with interactions but the majority do not produce significant outcomes. Dealing with drug interactions is a challenge in all clinical practice, including dermatology.

Drug interactions: Proteins, pumps, and P-450s.

Unlabelled: The two major concerns in drug safety are adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. When multiple drug therapies are prescribed, drug interactions become an important consideration for patients and physicians. The life of a drug is reviewed with emphasis on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Hearing loss following intratympanic instillation of gentamicin for the treatment of unilateral Meniere's disease.

Objective: To determine the incidence, extent, and time course of hearing loss following instillation of intratympanic gentamicin using a predetermined fixed protocol for incapacitating unilateral Meniere's disease and to determine whether such loss is associated with any identifiable risk factors.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with intratympanic gentamicin between 1988 and 1998 using American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery reporting guidelines (1985 and 1995). A predetermined regimen using a fixed dose (gentamicin 26.

Intratympanic gentamicin for the treatment of unilateral Meniere's disease.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of intratympanic gentamicin instillation as treatment of incapacitating unilateral Meniere's disease, using a predetermined regimen with a fixed dose.

Study Design: A prospective study from a single institution between 1988 and 1998.

Methods: One hundred fourteen patients were enrolled in this study.