Cognition-enhancing drugs induce intrusive traumatic memories: a two-case report.

Physicians managing patients with the use of drugs with cognition-enhancing properties should be aware of the possibility of concurrent emergent, intrusive traumatic memories in individuals without existing cognitive impairment. Dose response should be closely monitored, as the adverse event may follow titration past an individual threshold.

Eight years later: outcomes of CBT-treated versus untreated anxious children.

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, generate significant distress, are considered precursors to diverse psychiatric disorders, and lead to poor social and employment outcomes in adulthood. Although childhood anxiety has a significant impact on a child's developmental trajectory, only a handful of studies examined the long-term impact of treatment and none included a control group. The aim of this study was to conduct a long-term follow-up (LTFU) of anxious children who were treated with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) compared to a matched group of children who were not.

Brain training: rationale, methods, and pilot data for a specific visuomotor/visuospatial activity program to change progressive cognitive decline.

Introduction: Research in the field of the aging brain has evolved to the extent that it is now commonly understood that actively engaging in cognitive tasks provides the potential of being beneficial in affecting the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline. What remains to be examined is the extent, and type, of program required to effect change in aging cognitively impaired individuals.

Methods: To address this issue, a cognitive program focusing on the use of visuospatial (VS)/visuomotor (VM) elements was applied to a group of six older individuals with identified progressive cognitive impairments.

The effect of multidisciplinary heart failure clinic characteristics on 1-year postdischarge health care costs: a population-based study.

Background: Although multidisciplinary heart failure (HF) clinics are efficacious, it is not known how patient factors or HF clinic structural indicators and process measures have an impact on the cumulative health care costs.

Research Design: In this retrospective cohort study using administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we identified 1216 HF patients discharged alive after an acute care hospitalization in 2006 and treated at a HF clinic. The primary outcome was the cumulative 1-year health care costs.

Motor interactions with another person: do individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder plan ahead?

Interpersonal motor interactions (joint-actions) occur on a daily basis. In joint-action situations, typically developing (TD) individuals consider the end-goal of their partner and adjust their own movements to accommodate the other person. The movement planning processes required for joint-action may, however, be difficult for individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) given documented difficulties in performance on theory of mind (ToM) and motor tasks.

Intracerebral hemorrhage: toward physiological imaging of hemorrhage risk in acute and chronic bleeding.

Despite improvements in management and prevention of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), there has been little improvement in mortality over the last 30 years. Hematoma expansion, primarily during the first few hours is highly predictive of neurological deterioration, poor functional outcome, and mortality. For each 10% increase in ICH size, there is a 5% increase in mortality and an additional 16% chance of poorer functional outcome.

Active surveillance for favorable risk prostate cancer: rationale, results, and vis a vis focal therapy role.

Active surveillance for Active surveillance (AS), since first being described in 2002 is now an accepted treatment strategy for men with low risk CaP where previously they faced radical whole gland treatment (surgery, external-beam radiation or brachytherapy). AS has built upon the experience of watchful waiting in men believed to not require radical treatment given their age or co-morbidities that were both felt to compete with the risk of death from their CaP. AS and radical treatments both have merits and disadvantages.

fMRI-Compatible Registration of Jaw Movements Using a Fiber-Optic Bend Sensor.

A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible fiber-optic bend sensor was investigated to assess whether the device could be used effectively to monitor opening and closing of the jaw during an fMRI experiment at 3 T. In contrast to surface electromyography, a bend sensor fixed to the chin of the participant is fast and easy to use and is not affected by strong electromagnetic fields. Bend sensor recordings are characterized by high validity (compared with concurrent video recordings of mouth opening) and high reliability (comparing two independent measurements).

Room for improvement? A quality-of-life assessment in patients with malignant bowel obstruction.

This prospective study followed 35 patients admitted to hospital with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) to evaluate quality of life (QOL). Subjects completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) at recruitment, and at one week, one month and three months.The highest ranked ESAS scores at recruitment (which was generally 18-36 hours post admission to hospital) included loss of appetite (median=7.

The moveable handhold: a new paradigm to study visual contributions to the control of balance-recovery reactions.

Balance-recovery reactions that involve rapid step or reach-to-grasp movements are prevalent and functionally important responses to instability. Successful use of these reactions to recover balance in daily life requires a capacity to modulate the reaction to deal with the continual variation in environmental constraints that occurs as the person moves, i.e.

Adjuvant chemotherapy for adults with malignant glioma: a systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review examines the role of chemotherapy following surgery and external beam radiotherapy for adults with newly diagnosed malignant glioma.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to August 2006 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Proceedings from the 1997 to 2006 annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology were also searched.

Novel splicing mutation in the progranulin gene causing familial corticobasal syndrome.

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a rare cognitive and movement disorder characterized by asymmetric rigidity, apraxia, alien-limb phenomenon, cortical sensory loss, myoclonus, focal dystonia, and dementia. It occurs along the clinical spectrum of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), which has recently been shown to segregate with truncating mutations in progranulin (PGRN), a multifunctional growth factor thought to promote neuronal survival. This study identifies a novel splice donor site mutation in the PGRN gene (IVS7+1G-->A) that segregates with CBS in a Canadian family of Chinese origin.