Scoring System for Identifying Impending Complete Fractures in Incomplete Atypical Femoral Fractures.

Context: Although impending incomplete atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) require prophylactic fixation, there is still a lack of study on predicting complete fracture among the incomplete AFFs.

Objective: Our purposes are to develop a scoring system to predict progression into complete fracture and to evaluate its reliability and validity.

Design, Setting, And Patients: We reviewed 46 incomplete AFFs in 44 patients who did not undergo prophylactic fixation.

Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis due to a rare mutation and that is complicated by inflammatory bowel disease and amyloidosis: a case report.

Patients with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis syndrome are at risk for renal amyloidosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Physicians caring for such patients should be aware of these complications.

Higher Physical Activity Is Associated with Increased Attentional Network Connectivity in the Healthy Elderly.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential alterations in structural network properties related to physical activity (PA) in healthy elderly. We recruited 76 elderly individuals with normal cognition from Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. All participants underwent the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and 3.

Neural correlates of text-based emoticons: a preliminary fMRI study.

Introduction: Like nonverbal cues in oral interactions, text-based emoticons, which are textual portrayals of a writer's facial expressions, are commonly used in electronic device-mediated communication. Little is known, however, about how text-based emoticons are processed in the human brain. With this study, we investigated whether the text-based emoticons are processed as face expressions using fMRI.

Synergistic Effect of Intravenous Ibuprofen and Hydromorphone for Postoperative Pain: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: An intravenous form of ibuprofen has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and reports are rare on its co-administration with opioids.

Objectives: We researched whether an intravenous ibuprofen-hydromorphone combination is synergistic, additive, or infra-additive on postoperative pain.

Study Design: A parallel-group, 1:1:1 allocation, randomized, double-blind controlled trial.

Predictors of survival in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery talc pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion.

Background: Patients with malignant pleural effusion have a limited life expectancy. An increase in pleural and oncological treatment options and more accurate prognostic evaluation may help individualize treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) talc pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion.

Intestinal removal of free fatty acids from hosts by Lactobacilli for the treatment of obesity.

Recent findings on the association of gut microbiota with various diseases, including obesity, prompted us to investigate the possibility of using a certain type of gut bacteria as a safe therapeutic for obesity. Lactobacillus mutants with enhanced capacity in absorption of free fatty acids (FFAs) were isolated to show reduced absorption of FFAs by the administered host, attributing to inhibition of body weight gain and body fat accumulation as well as amelioration of blood profiles. Consequently, high throughput screening of natural FFAs-absorbing intestinal microbes led to the isolation of Lactobacillus reuteri JBD30 l.

Independent association between glycated hemoglobin and arterial stiffness in healthy men.

Aims/introduction: Many studies have reported that high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Many researchers have not studied the association of HbA1c with various subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes. We evaluated the impact of HbA1c on arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in healthy Korean healthy men.

Management of post-pneumonectomy syndrome using tissue expanders.

Background: Post-pneumonectomy syndrome (PPS) is a rare syndrome characterized by trachea-bronchial stenosis and severe dyspnea. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes in patients who underwent placement of tissue expanders for PPS.

Methods: Data from patients who underwent placement of tissue expanders for PPS were analyzed for preoperative characteristics, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes.

A diagnostic approach and natural course of a patient with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome.

The diagnostic criteria of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) advocated by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)/Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) are somewhat complicated, and limited data are available regarding how ACOS patients respond to current medications. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with ACOS. With features favoring asthma including childhood asthma history with intermittent episodes of dyspnea at night, elevated blood eosinophil count and total IgE, increased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1) after bronchodilator (>200 mL and >12% from baseline), and positive skin prick tests, he also had features favoring COPD such as heavy smoker, persistent exertional dyspnea, and airflow limitation after inhaled therapy.

A Longitudinal Study of Association between Adiposity Markers and Intraocular Pressure: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

Importance: Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction or stabilization is the only proven method for glaucoma management. Identifying risk factors for IOP is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of glaucoma.

Objective: To examine the associations of change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent fat mass with change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large sample of Korean adults.

New mechanisms of metformin action: Focusing on mitochondria and the gut.

The most well-known mechanism of metformin action, one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation; however, recent investigations have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-independent pathways can explain some of metformin's beneficial metabolic effects as well as undesirable side-effects. Such novel pathways include induction of mitochondrial stress, inhibition of mitochondrial shuttles, alteration of intestinal microbiota, suppression of glucagon signaling, activation of autophagy, attenuation of inflammasome activation, induction of incretin receptors and reduction of terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of antidiabetic agents as well as the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes itself.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: correlation with cancer stem cell markers and prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of non-small cell lung carcinomas. The existence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human tissue is controversy. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of CSCs and EMT markers and evaluate the correlation between the two in lung adenocarcinoma.

Squash smear cytology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Squash smear cytology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has rarely been reported. We described squash cytological findings of cranial LCH. Additionally, based on recent data that suggests an association of LCH with either viral infection or genetic alteration, we investigated the presence of several viruses or mutation of TP53 and BRAF in LCH tissue samples.

Myxoid dermatofibroma on a great toe: a case report.

Dermatofibroma is a common benign fibrohistiocytic tumor with many clinicopathological variants. Myxoid dermatofibroma is one of these variants, which is characterized by marked stromal mucin deposition. This report presents a case of myxoid dermatofibroma on a great toe that had been slowly growing for two years.

A framework to analyze cerebral mean diffusivity using surface guided diffusion mapping in diffusion tensor imaging.

The mean diffusivity (MD) value has been used to describe microstructural properties in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in cortical gray matter (GM). Recently, researchers have applied a cortical surface generated from the T1-weighted volume. When the DTI data are analyzed using the cortical surface, it is important to assign an accurate MD value from the volume space to the vertex of the cortical surface, considering the anatomical correspondence between the DTI and the T1-weighted image.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumor showing unusual histology and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin.

Carcinoid tumor of the ovary is uncommon. We herein report a very rare case of primary ovarian carcinoid tumor with aggressive histology and an unusual immunophenotype. A 21-year-old woman presented with a palpable abdominal mass.

Overexpression of cytokeratin 17 is associated with the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the presence of lymph node metastasis.

Cytokeratin 17 (CK17), a basal/myoepithelial cell keratin, appears to play an important role in the progression of several human malignancies. Increased CK17 expression has previously described in cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, no studies to date have investigated the clinical significance of CK17 expression in patients with PTC.

Analysis of clinical outcomes of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin glands.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin glands (BG-ACC) is a rare, slow-growing but a highly aggressive tumor with remarkable capacity for local recurrence and distant metastasis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate our experiences of the diagnosis and treatment of BG-ACC and to analyze the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with BG-ACC. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess the demographic information, chief complaints, pathologic features of tumors, primary treatment, and development of local recurrence or distant metastasis, as well as the patient outcome.

Mesothelial cell inclusions in pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes: a clinicopathologic analysis.

Benign lymph node inclusions are commonly encountered during surgery for gynecologic neoplasms and are potential mimics of metastatic tumor. The presence of mesothelial cell inclusions in pelvic lymph nodes is extremely rare. We report the clinicopathologic features of 10 patients with ovarian tumors and mesothelial cell inclusions detected in the sinuses of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes.

Non-monotonic reorganization of brain networks with Alzheimer's disease progression.

Background: Identification of stage-specific changes in brain network of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for rationally designed therapeutics that delays the progression of the disease. However, pathological neural processes and their resulting changes in brain network topology with disease progression are not clearly known.

Methods: The current study was designed to investigate the alterations in network topology of resting state fMRI among patients in three different clinical dementia rating (CDR) groups (i.

Nodular smooth muscle metaplasia in multiple peritoneal endometriosis.

We report here an unusual presentation of peritoneal endometriosis with smooth muscle metaplasia as multiple protruding masses on the lateral pelvic wall. Smooth muscle metaplasia is a common finding in rectovaginal endometriosis, whereas in peritoneal endometriosis, smooth muscle metaplasia is uncommon and its nodular presentation on the pelvic wall is even rarer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of nodular smooth muscle metaplasia occurring in peritoneal endometriosis.

Fibromyxoid variant of endometrial stromal sarcoma with atypical bizarre nuclei.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is the second most common malignant uterine mesenchymal tumor. It affects women primarily in the perimenopausal age group. ESSs are morphologically heterogeneous.

Decidualization of intranodal endometriosis in a postmenopausal woman.

Here we describe an unusual case of decidualized endometriosis detected in pelvic lymph nodes. The presence of intranodal ectopic decidua in pregnant women has been described. A few cases of decidualization of endometriotic foci in the pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes have also been associated with pregnancy.