Multi-stage treatment for malunion and avascular necrosis of the femoral head following reverse oblique pertrochanteric fracture: A case report and literature review.

Femoral reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures are successfully treated using intramedullary devices. Poor fracture reduction and the use of the inaproppriate implant can lead to implant failure and subsequent malunion or non-union. We present the case of a 21-year-old polytrauma female who, among other injuries, sustained a reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture that was primarily operated on with the dynamic hip screw.

Relationships between Bone Turnover Markers and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Prepubertal Girls and Boys.

The associations between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone health in children are complex, and data on this topic are sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the relationship between bone turnover markers and markers of the processes underlying MetS (insulin resistance and inflammation) in a group of presumably healthy children aged 9-11 years: 89 (51 girls, 38 boys) presenting without any features of MetS and 26 (10 girls, 16 boys) with central obesity and two features of MetS. Concentrations of glucose, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact-P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were assayed and insulin resistance was assessed (HOMA-IR).

Low Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Level Does Not Adversely Affect Bone Turnover in Prepubertal Children.

Unlabelled: Both vitamin D and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) play essential roles in bone metabolism and may interact during prepubertal bone accrual. We investigated the association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (<20 ng/mL) with the circulating bone turnover markers, when compared to their interaction with IGF-1.

Subjects And Methods: Serum 25(OH)D, IGF-I, P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), and CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were measured, and the bone turnover index (BTI) was calculated in 128 healthy children, aged 9-11 years.

Short-term patient-reported outcomes following total hip replacement: Is the success picture overrated?

Objectives: Our objective was report short-term results of total hip replacement (THR) and to identify patients with functional recovery and with treatment failure. We also aimed to investigate whether there are any potential predicting factors for functional recovery or treatment failure.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Prediction of improvement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective: The retrospective investigation was carried out to assess whether subjects who fulfilled our proposed recruitment criteria responded more favorably to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) than those who did not.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 109 skeletally mature subjects (78 men and 31 women) according to the following proposed criteria of recruitment: (1) pre-injury Tegner activity score ≥7 and a wish to return to a professional sports activity, (2) residual knee instability following injury and/or (3) age <20 years at the operation. The primary outcome was an improvement between assessment A (before operation) and B (mean follow-up of 1.

Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft without wound drainage: short- to middle-term outcome.

Introduction: Several studies have suggested that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) without wound drainage has no impact on long-term follow-up.

Aim: To investigate a prospective patient series as measured by the patient-administered disease-specific questionnaire Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Material And Methods: The study included 101 consecutive patients (71 men and 30 women) with a mean age of 30 years (SD 10, range: 15-62 years), who had undergone primary single incision arthroscopic bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (BPTB) ACLR without wound drainage.

A rare missense mutation in CHRNA4 associates with smoking behavior and its consequences.

Using Icelandic whole-genome sequence data and an imputation approach we searched for rare sequence variants in CHRNA4 and tested them for association with nicotine dependence. We show that carriers of a rare missense variant (allele frequency=0.24%) within CHRNA4, encoding an R336C substitution, have greater risk of nicotine addiction than non-carriers as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (P=1.

Osteoarthritis of the knee after meniscal resection: long term radiographic evaluation of disease progression.

Objective: To determine prevalence, incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a cohort of subjects with previous meniscectomy.

Methods: We assessed 221 subjects (177 men and 44 women) with weight bearing knee radiography twice (assessment A and B) with a follow-up time ranging from 4 to 10 years. All subjects had undergone meniscectomy 15-22 years before assessment A.

Validation of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement.

Objective: To test the clinimetric properties and to evaluate the internal consistency, validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in older patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement (TKR).

Design And Setting: A prospective cohort study performed at the university hospital and the outpatient clinic.

Methods: The patients were asked to complete the KOOS questionnaire and the Short Form 36 Health Survey.

Does concomitant meniscectomy affect medium-term outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A preliminary report.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is often accompanied by injuries of the menisci. In order to restore knee stability, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is performed, with meniscus surgery when needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the medium-term outcome of ACLR in subjects with and without concomitant meniscus tear and partial meniscectomy.

Outcome in primary cemented total knee arthroplasty with or without drain: A prospective comparative study.

Background: Suction drain insertion is a common practice in orthopedic surgery, especially after joint arthroplasty to prevent the formation of a hematoma. Theoretically the use of a drain should diminish the volume of hematoma; however the literature has conflicting data. Some authors state that drainage evacuates fluid from a limited area only and can be a cause of infection due to retrograde migration of bacteria.

Relevance of infiltration analgesia in pain relief after total knee arthroplasty.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different types of anesthesia on pain intensity in early postoperative period.

Patients And Methods: A total of 87 patients (77 women, 10 men) scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were assigned to receive either subarachnoid anesthesia alone or in combination with local soft tissue anesthesia, local soft tissue anesthesia and femoral nerve block and pre-emptive infiltration together with local soft tissue anesthesia. We assessed the pain intensity, opioid consumption, knee joint mobility, and complications of surgery.

Passive smoking exposure is associated with increased risk of COPD in never smokers.

Background: Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a risk factor for lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and childhood asthma, but a relationship with COPD has not been fully established. Our aim was to study ETS as a risk factor for COPD in never smokers.

Methods: Data from three cross-sectional studies within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) database were pooled.

Increase in sensitization to common airborne allergens among adults - two population-based studies 15 years apart.

Background: Studies on time trends of allergic sensitization among adults are rare. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of allergic sensitization to common airborne allergens among adults 15 years apart and to identify risk factors for allergic sensitization.

Methods: Clinical examinations including skin prick test (SPT) and structured interviews were performed in two random population samples in 1994 and 2009.

The association between metacarpal ratio, radiographic hand and knee osteoarthritis and its progression after meniscectomy.

Objective: To examine whether the ratio of the second and fourth metacarpal bone length (MC2:MC4) in subjects with prior meniscectomy of the knee is associated with radiographic hand and knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its progression.

Design: We assessed 219 subjects (175 men and 44 women) twice with a follow-up time ranging from 4 to 10 years. Participants had all undergone prior meniscectomy.

Association of heart diseases with COPD and restrictive lung function--results from a population survey.

Introduction: Few studies have explored the association of COPD, based on GOLD definition, with heart diseases. The relationship between restrictive lung function impairment and heart diseases is still poorly studied on a population level.

Objectives: To explore the association of COPD and restrictive lung function impairment, respectively, with heart diseases in the general population.

A strong synergism of low birth weight and prenatal smoking on asthma in schoolchildren.

Background: Prenatal smoke exposure is associated with airway inflammation and asthma in children. It also increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW). LBW is associated with decreased lung function independently of smoking.

Increased prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis but not of asthma between 1990 and 2008 in Swedish adults: comparisons of the ECRHS and GA²LEN surveys.

Background: The increase in asthma prevalence until 1990 has been well described. Thereafter, time trends are poorly known, due to the low number of high quality studies. The preferred method for studying time trends in prevalence is repeated surveys of similar populations.

Both environmental tobacco smoke and personal smoking is related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers.

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been reported as a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. Among adults, personal smoking is a major cause of respiratory symptoms and diseases. The effects of these exposures on the prevalence of asthma and wheeze among teenagers are less well known.

Good agreement between parental and self-completed questionnaires about allergic diseases and environmental factors in teenagers.

Objectives: To study whether the methodological change from parent to index subject as questionnaire respondent affected the prevalence estimates and risk factor patterns for allergic diseases in a longitudinal study.

Study Design And Setting: A prospective study of asthma and allergic diseases among children was begun in 1996 within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study. In 2002, about 3,342 (95% of invited) teenagers (13 to 14 years) completed the annual questionnaire.

Time trends in asthma and wheeze in Swedish children 1996-2006: prevalence and risk factors by sex.

Background: Recent data suggest that the previously rising trend in childhood wheezing symptoms has plateaued in some regions. We sought to investigate sex-specific trends in wheeze, asthma, allergic conditions, allergic sensitization and risk factors for wheeze.

Methods: We compared two population-based cohorts of 7 to 8-year olds from the same Swedish towns in 1996 and 2006 using parental expanded ISAAC questionnaires.

Major increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren from 1996 to 2006 in northern Sweden.

Background: Time trends for allergic sensitization are poorly known.

Objective: To compare the trends in prevalence of allergic sensitization and associated risk factors in children.

Methods: Two cohorts of children (age 7-8 years) were invited for skin prick tests (SPTs) 10 years apart, 1996 and 2006.

Asthma in school age: prevalence and risk factors by time and by age.

Background: Childhood is the most important age for asthma development. Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of asthma in children has plateaued after having increased for decades.

Aims: To study prevalence and risk factor patterns of asthma by age and by time.

Concomitant obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study design--the OLIN OSAS-COPD study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both common disorders. Concomitant disease, overlap syndrome, is reported to cause a more severe condition.

Aim: To describe a study designed to evaluate the prevalence of overlap syndrome in the general population, and further, to assess the impact of overlap syndrome on cardiovascular morbidity and health-related quality of life.