Of the major phenolic acids formed during human microbial fermentation of tea, citrus, and soy flavonoid supplements, only 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has antiproliferative activity.

Dietary flavonoids are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Colonic bacteria convert flavonoids into smaller phenolic acids (PA), which can be absorbed into the circulation and may contribute to the chemopreventive activity of the parent compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine whether flavonoids from green and black tea (GT, BT), citrus fruit with rutin (CF+R) and soy (S) supplements exposed to the same conditions in a dynamic in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) will form the same phenolic acid products of microbial metabolism.

Flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of NG108-15 cells.

Flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki L (FLDK-P70) are main therapeutic components of NaoXingQing, which is a novel and patented Traditional Chinese Medicine drug used for the treatment of syndrome of apoplexy for years in China. The present study investigated the effects of FLDK-P70 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis-like damage of NG108-15 cells. Pretreatment of cells with FLDK-P70 alleviated H2O2-induced cell injury and apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and improving redox imbalance as indicated by the alleviation of the decline in the intracellular endogenous antioxidants: glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as catalase, with the decrease of the leak of lactate dehydrogenase and the reduction of the accumulation of malondialdehyde.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mangroves: independent evolutionary origins of vivipary and salt secretion.

The most remarkable morphological specializations of mangroves are vivipary, salt secretion, and aerial roots. There has been a long debate on whether the complex traits vivipary and secreters have a single origin, the answer to which has profound implications for the mechanism of evolution in mangroves. We took a large and representative sample across mangroves and sequenced the 18S rRNA, rbcL, and matR genes.

Accumulation of heavy metals in four grasses grown on lead and zinc mine tailings.

A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth and metal accumulation of Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Imperata cylindraca var. major on the tailings, amended with 10 cm domestic refuse + complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment A), 10 cm domestic refuse(Treatment B) and complex NPK fertilizer (Treatment C) respectively, and without any amendment used as control (Treatment D). The results indicated that V.

Pathogen-induced apoptotic neutrophils express heat shock proteins and elicit activation of human macrophages.

Ingestion of aged or irradiated apoptotic neutrophils actively suppresses stimulation of macrophages (Mphi). Many bacterial pathogens can also provoke apoptosis in neutrophils, but little is known about how such apoptotic cells influence Mphi activation. We found that neutrophils undergoing apoptosis induced by UV irradiation, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus could either stimulate or inhibit Mphi activation.

NaoXinQing, an anti-stroke herbal medicine, reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in NG108-15 cells.

NaoXinQing (NXQ) is a patented and approved drug of Traditional Chinese Medicine that has been used for years for the treatment of syndrome of apoplexy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study is designed to investigate the effects of NXQ on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cell damage in NG108-15 cells. Exposure to H(2)O(2) induces apoptosis-like cell injury.

Molecular analyses of HLA-DRB1, -DPB1, and -DQB1 in Jing ethnic minority of Southwest China.

In the present study, DNA typing for HLA-DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) method in 144 random selected Jing ethnic individuals inhabiting in South China. Allele frequencies and two-locus haplotypes (DRB1-DQB1) were statistically analyzed and 20 DPB1 alleles, 27 DRB1 and 20 DQB1 were detected. The most frequent DPB1 allele was DPB1*0501 with the percentage of 36.