Yolk sac tumor of ear: a case report and literature review of the last 30 years.

Extra-gonadal pure yolk sac tumor of the ear is very rare. We report a case of a yolk sac tumor of the ear and review the English literature in PubMed. The initial complaint was a mass protruding out of the external auditory canal.

TGF-β1 suppresses syndecan-2 expression through the ERK signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of low back pain and has become a worldwide problem causing enormous economic loss. Thus, mechanisms and treatment of IVDD are attracting great attention from surgeons and physicians. The syndecan (SDC) family has been reported to play important roles in various physiopathologic processes.

miR-27b expression in diagnosis and evaluation prognosis of prostate cancer.

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-27b in different prostate tissues and its anti-tumor effects in prostate cancer.

Methods: Measuring the expression of microRNA-27b, evaluating the PI3K protein expression in 28 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 63 prostate cancer tissues, analyzing the correlation between miRNA-27b and PI3K, and miRNA-27b's correlation with Gleason Grading and clinical stages were analyzed. We divided the prostate cancer patients into two groups: low group and high group, comparing the overall survival and progression free survival.

The Bidirectional Regulation between MYL5 and HIF-1α Promotes Cervical Carcinoma Metastasis.

Myosin light chains (MLC) serve important regulatory functions in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes. Recent research found that MLC are also chromatin-associated nuclear proteins which regulate gene transcription. In this study, the MLC member myosin regulatory light chain 5 (MYL5) expression was upregulated in late stage cervical cancer patients, positively correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis, and identified as a poor survival indicator.

Up-regulation of the tumor promoter Glyoxalase-1 indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is an enzyme that plays a role to metabolize and inactivate methylglyoxal. Previous studies also have confirmed that Glo1 is closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug-resistant, but its prognostic value in breast cancer has never been explored. In this study, we investigated the expression of Glo1 in breast cancer cell lines and tissues using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.

[Effect of metformin on colorectal carcinoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a Markov model analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention effect of metformin in comparison with that of other T2DM medications from a Markov model perspective.

Methods: Literature concerning CRC morbidity of T2DM patients with metformin or other diabetes medications treatment was reviewed in PubMed and Cochrane Library database from September 2010 to December 2016.

Inclusion Criteria: (1)enrolled population was adult patients with T2DM but without CRC; (2) any of the parameters applied in our model was reported; (3) randomized clinical trials (RCTs), quasi-randomized trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies.

Probiotics enhance the effect of allergy immunotherapy on regulating antigen specific B cell activity in asthma patients.

Immune regulatory system dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The therapeutic effect of allergic asthma is to be improved. The immune regulatory function of probiotics has been recognized.

Defects in dermal Vγ4 γ δ T cells result in delayed wound healing in diabetic mice.

The skin serves as a physical and chemical barrier to provide an initial line of defense against environmental threats; however, this function is impaired in diabetes. Vγ4 γ δ T cells in the dermis are an important part of the resident cutaneous immunosurveillance program, but these cells have yet to be explored in the context of diabetes. In this study, we observed that the impaired maintenance of dermal Vγ4 γ δ T cells is caused by reduced production of IL-7 in the skin of diabetic mice, which was closely associated with weakened activation of the mTOR pathway in the epidermis of diabetic mice.

[Characterization of ovarian adrenal rest tumors in children and adolescent females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency].

Objective: To summarize the characterization of ovarian adrenal rest tumors (OART) in children and adolescent females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD).

Method: We have diagnosed 4 cases of CAH 21-OHD with OART in the recent 5 years in pediatric endocrinology unit of the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Clinical characterizations were summarized, including symptoms, growth patterns and bone age advancements, serum steroid concentrations, imaging results and the follow-up data.

miR-141 modulates osteoblastic cell proliferation by regulating the target gene of lncRNA H19 and lncRNA H19-derived miR-675.

Increasing evidence has reported the significant roles of lncRNA or miRNAs in the biology of various diseases. This study was aimed to elucidate the potential roles of miR-141 and lncRNA H19 and H19-derived miR-675 in regulating osteoblasts proliferation and apoptosis and to explore its potential mechanism. miR-141 mimic or miR-141 inhibitor or siRNA-H19 or miR-675 inhibitor was transfected into human hFOB1.

DAPT mediates atoh1 expression to induce hair cell-like cells.

Hearing loss is currently an incurable degenerative disease characterized by a paucity of hair cells (HCs), which cannot be spontaneously replaced in mammals. Recent technological advancements in gene therapy and local drug delivery have shed new light for hearing loss. Atoh1, also known as Math1, Hath1, and Cath1, is a proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is essential for HC differentiation.

MiR-1180 promotes apoptotic resistance to human hepatocellular carcinoma via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Apoptosis resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant factor in carcinogenesis. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis resistance is crucial for developing anticancer therapies. Importantly, small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as key biomarkers for detecting tumour onset and progression.

Efficacy of transvaginal debridement and repair surgery for cesarean scar pregnancy: a cohort study compared with uterine artery embolism.

Objective: Compared with uterine artery embolism (UAE), we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of transvaginal debridement and repair surgery (TDRS) and analyze the association between postoperative recovery and individual related factors.

Methods: A total of 128 patients diagnosed with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) from January 2006 to June 2014 were divided into 2 groups. Group A: 38 cases were treated with UAE.

Survival prognosis and clinicopathological features of the lymph nodes along the left gastric artery in gastric cancer: implications for D2 lymphadenectomy.

The Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines (third edition) have assigned No. 7 station left gastric artery lymph nodes (LNs) to the D1 range of lymphatic dissection. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics, survival impact, and appropriateness of ascribing No.

A survey and analysis of using traditional Chinese medicine during pregnancy.

Background: The usage of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) during pregnancy is very common for Chinese people. However, there are only a few studies relevant to the usage of TCM during pregnancy-providing very little knowledge on the benefits or harmful effects of these medicines to pregnant women or the fetus.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to survey the current situation of TCM usage during pregnancy, and to explore the factors that affect the use of TCM.

Calcium intake and hip fracture risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

It has been suggested that the amount of calcium intake may influence hip fracture incidence. However, the results of the researches in this regard are inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to estimate the association between calcium intake and hip fracture risk.

Surgical interventions for gastric cancer: a review of systematic reviews.

Aim: To evaluate methodological quality and the extent of concordance among meta-analysis and/or systematic reviews on surgical interventions for gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and the DARE database was conducted to identify the reviews comparing different surgical interventions for GC prior to April 2014. After applying included criteria, available data were summarized and appraised by the Oxman and Guyatt scale.

Hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy and encephalopathy: pathological and genetic studies of a family.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical, pathological and genetic features of a family suffering from hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy and encephalopathy.

Methods: The index case was male, and his symptoms were detected at 18 years of age. The clinical manifestation included recurrent headache, fever, consciousness disturbances and haemiplegia.

Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, induced apoptosis via independent mitochondrial and death receptor pathway in retinoblastoma Y79 cell.

Rapamycin is helpful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, rapamycin mediated apoptosis were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. The MTT assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against Y79 cells was 0.

Establishment of a new animal model for ischemic lumbar vertebrae.

Degeneration and ischemia of lumbar intervertebral disc has become a more and more important issue for elder people. However the mechanism for this is still known, largely due to a lack of a suitable animal model. In this study, we constructed a new animal model for the study of ischemic lumbar vertebrae.

Detection and analysis of resistance mutations of hepatitis B virus.

Objective: To investigate the relationships of resistance mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with replication and genotypes of HBV and to understand the common resistance mutations and mutation pattern.

Methods: The mutation patterns related to resistance to nucleoside drugs were analyzed, and the relationships of resistance mutations with HBV genotypes, Ct value, HBeAg, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), age and gender were evaluated.

Results: Genotype B was found in 52 patients (73.

Therapeutic effect and safety of laparoscopic cervical cerclage for treatment of cervical insufficiency in first trimester or non-pregnant phase.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of cerclage placed in pregnancy via laparoscopy (CPL) in the first trimesteror in non-pregnant phase (CNL).

Methods: A total of 134 cervical insufficiency patients who were treated with cervical cerclage were included. All the patients were divided into 3 groups.

Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, induced growth inhibition in retinoblastoma Y79 cell via down-regulation of Bmi-1.

Rapamycin is useful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, anticancer activity and its acting mechanisms of rapamycin were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. CCK-8 assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells was 0.

Effect of mir-16 on proliferation and apoptosis in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells.

To investigate the expression of mir-16 in lung adenocarcinoma cancer line and to observe the effect of mir-16 on the biological behaviors of human lung adenocarcinoma cancer A549 cell. Methods the expression of mir-16 in A549 cells was examined by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. mir-16 minics was chemically synthesized and transfected into A549 cells by Lipofectamine 2000.

Effect of HM910, a novel camptothecin derivative, on the inhibition of multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Despite a variety of novel therapeutic agents, such as bortezomib, thalidomide and topotecan, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, thus the development of new chemotherapeutical agents is of high priority. We found HM910, a novel camptothecin (CPT) derivative, exhibited potent inhibition of MM cell growth in vitro and in xenografts of nude mice. Mechanistically, HM910 reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) via an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which eventually resulting in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway.