Understanding glucose metabolism and insulin action at the blood-brain barrier: Implications for brain health and neurodegenerative diseases.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective, semipermeable barrier critical for maintaining brain homeostasis. The BBB regulates the transport of essential nutrients, hormones, and signaling molecules between the bloodstream and the central nervous system (CNS), while simultaneously protecting the brain from potentially harmful substances and pathogens. This selective permeability ensures that the brain is nourished and shielded from toxins.

Skeletal muscle-specific Bambi deletion induces hypertrophy and oxidative switching coupling with adipocyte thermogenesis against metabolic disorders.

Skeletal muscle plays a significant role in both local and systemic energy metabolism. The current investigation aims to explore the role of the Bambi gene in skeletal muscle, focusing on its implications for muscle hypertrophy and systemic metabolism. We hypothesize that skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Bambi induces muscle hypertrophy, improves metabolic performance, and activates thermogenic adipocytes via the reprogramming of progenitor of iWAT, offering potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic syndromes.

Nomogram for predicting proliferative lupus nephritis in patients with low-level proteinuria.

Objectives: Proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) is not uncommon in individuals with proteinuria < 0.5 g/24h, highlighting the importance of predicting proliferative nephritis for effective clinical management. We aimed to develop a predictive model for proliferative nephritis in this population.

Association of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Endpoints With the Timing of the First and Second Systolic Peak of the Aortic Pulse Wave.

Prognostic significance of the timing in the cardiac cycle of the first (TP1) and second (TP2) systolic peak of the central aortic pulse wave is ill-defined. Incidence rates and standardized multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of adverse health outcomes associated with TP1 and TP2, estimated by the SphygmoCor software, were assessed in the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) (n = 5529). Model refinement was assessed by the integrated discrimination (ID) and net reclassification (NR) improvement.

Plasma N-terminal tau fragment is an amyloid-dependent biomarker in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Novel fluid biomarkers for tracking neurodegeneration specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are greatly needed.

Methods: Using two independent well-characterized cohorts (n = 881 in total), we investigated the group differences in plasma N-terminal tau (NT1-tau) fragments across different AD stages and their association with cross-sectional and longitudinal amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

Results: Plasma NT1-tau significantly increased in symptomatic AD and displayed positive associations with Aβ PET (positron emission tomography) and tau PET.

Rapid Generation of Reverse Genetics Systems for Coronavirus Research and High-Throughput Antiviral Screening Using Gibson DNA Assembly.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a significant threat to human health, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The large size of the CoV genome (around 30 kb) represents a major obstacle to the development of reverse genetics systems, which are invaluable for basic research and antiviral drug screening. In this study, we established a rapid and convenient method for generating reverse genetic systems for various CoVs using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector and Gibson DNA assembly.

Single-atom nanozymes with intelligent response to pathological microenvironments for bacterially infected wound healing.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process often accompanied by bacterial infection, inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress. Single-atom nanozymes with multi-enzymatic activities show significant potential for promoting the healing of infected wounds by modulating their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties in response to the wound's physiological environment. In this study, we synthesized MN single-atom nanozymes with multi-enzymatic activities that intelligently respond to pH value changes in the wound healing process.

Lerociclib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on prior endocrine therapy: LEONARDA-1 a phase III randomized trial.

Lerociclib (GB491), a highly selective oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, has displayed anti-tumor activity and differentiated safety and tolerability profile in previous ph1/2 clinical trials. The LEONARDA-1, a randomized, double-blind, phase III study, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lerociclib in HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients, who had relapsed or progressed on prior endocrine therapy. A total of 275 patients were randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive lerociclib (137 patients, 150 mg twice daily) or placebo (138 patients) plus fulvestrant.

Photodynamic therapy with photodegradable photosensitizers.

Photodegradable photosensitizers have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential advantages in photodynamic therapy. By degrading upon light exposure, these photosensitizers reduce post-treatment drug residues, minimize toxicity, and enhance the safety and precision of therapy. This review provides an overview of the design and current applications of photodegradable photosensitizers, addressing challenges related to light absorption efficiency, toxicity of degradation products, and tissue penetration.

A CD26 tendon stem progenitor cell population contributes to tendon repair and heterotopic ossification.

Inadequate tendon healing and heterotopic bone formation result in substantial pain and disability, yet the specific cells responsible for tendon healing remain uncertain. Here we identify a CD26 tendon stem/progenitor cells residing in peritendon, which constitutes a primitive stem cell population with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potentials. CD26 tendon stem/progenitor cells migrate into the tendon midsubstance and differentiation into tenocytes during tendon healing, while ablation of these cells led to insufficient tendon healing.

GILT stabilizes cofilin to promote the metastasis of prostate cancer.

Gamma-interferon-induced lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), known for catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, is involved in various physiological processes. While the involvement of GILT in the development of various tumors has been demonstrated, the mechanisms underlying its regulation in prostate cancer (PCa) are not fully understood. In the present study, we confirmed that GILT was significantly upregulated in PCa and facilitated tumor metastasis.

Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis reveals CENPA as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.

Background: Cancer remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. A widely recognized hallmark of cancer is the ability to sustain proliferative signaling, which is closely tied to various cell cycle processes. Centromere Protein A (CENPA), a variant of the standard histone H3, is crucial for selective chromosome segregation during the cell cycle.

Comparing the winding numbers of two one-dimensional two-band topological systems by their wavefunction overlap.

The measurement of topological numbers is crucial in the research of topological systems. In this article, we propose a protocol for obtaining the topological number (specifically, winding numbers in this case) of an unknown one-dimensional (1D) two-band topological system by comparing it with a known topological system. We consider two 1D two-band topological systems and their Bloch wavefunction overlap and verify a theorem.

Cross-sectional study of workplace violence on work engagement among Chinese nurses: the mediating role of psychological resilience.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the status of workplace violence, psychological resilience and work engagement, and explore the potential mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between workplace violence and work engagement among Chinese nurses.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of clinical registered nurses.

Setting: A convenience sample of clinical registered nurses was recruited from affiliated hospitals of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.

Experiences and opinions of adults with type 1 diabetes on the android-based open-source closed-loop system in China: a qualitative study.

Objective: As an emerging technology, Android-based open-source closed-loop system also called Android Artificial Pancreas System (AAPS), has been increasingly validated by evidence for its effectiveness in improving glycaemic outcomes, positioning it as a crucial option for managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, there are still only a few studies examining the experiences of using AAPS, and relevant qualitative studies have not been conducted in Asia so far. This study aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of adult patients with T1D on the AAPS.

Targeting MXD1 sensitises pancreatic cancer to trametinib.

Background: The resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to trametinib therapy limits its clinical use. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying trametinib resistance in PDAC remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to illustrate the mechanisms of resistance to trametinib in PDAC and identify trametinib resistance-associated druggable targets, thus improving the treatment efficacy of trametinib-resistant PDAC.

A multi-constraint representation learning model for identification of ovarian cancer with missing laboratory indicators.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a multi-constraint representation learning classification model for identifying ovarian cancer with missing laboratory indicators.

Methods: Tabular data with missing laboratory indicators were collected from 393 patients with ovarian cancer and 1951 control patients. The missing ovarian cancer laboratory indicator features were projected to the latent space to obtain a classification model using the representational learning classification model based on discriminative learning and mutual information coupled with feature projection significance score consistency and missing location estimation.

Correlation between the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score and bispectral index in patients receiving propofol titration during general anesthesia induction.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAAS) score and the bispectral index (BIS) during propofol titration for general anesthesia induction and analyze the impact of BIS monitoring delay on anesthetic depth assessment.

Methods: This study was conducted among 90 patients (ASA class I-II) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. For anesthesia induction, the patients received propofol titration at the rate of 0.

Intraocular lens calculation formula selection for short eyes: based on axial length and anterior chamber depth.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of 11 intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in eyes with an axial length (AL) less than 22.00 mm.

Methods: New-generation formulas (Barrett Universal II [BUII], Emmetropia Verifying Optical [EVO] 2.

Excessive activation of JAK-STAT signaling contributes to inflammation induced by acute infection in shrimp.

Uncontrolled immune responses resulting from overactivated cellular signaling pathways, leading to inflammation and tissue injury, are a major cause of death in pathogen-infected individuals. This phenomenon has been well studied in mammals but is less explored in invertebrates. Bacteria of the genus are among the most harmful pathogens to humans and aquatic animals.

Biomechanical and clinically controlled study of different fenestration positions in vascularized iliac bone flaps for treating femoral head necrosis.

Background: No appropriate studies have been conducted that compare the biomechanical properties of different fenestration positions in deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA)-vascularized iliac bone grafts for femoral head necrosis (ONFH) treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the fenestration locations of DCIA-vascularized iliac grafting in ONFH treatment using FEA and clinical retrospective analysis.

Methods: We simulated an iliac bone flap transplantation with a vascularized tip by finite element analysis (FEA).

The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study.

Objective: Cardiometabolic risk factors significantly contribute to disease burden. This study explored the effects of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) on mortality. It stratified findings by age group and comorbidity severity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score.

Age-specific reference ranges and variation of anti-mülerian hormone in healthy Chinese women of reproductive and perimenopausal age: a nationwide population-based prospective multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the variation of serum AMH levels in healthy Chinese women and establish AMH reference ranges accordingly.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional multicenter study was designed to enroll healthy Chinese women of reproductive age (20-39 years) and perimenopausal age (40-49 years) from five reproductive centers in different regions of China. The study began in May 2022 and finished in February 2023.

Regulation of Fibroblast Phenotype in Osteoarthritis Using CDKN1A-Loaded Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Delivered by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fibroblast phenotypes by MSCs delivering copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with CDKN1A plasmids and their role in cartilage repair during osteoarthritis (OA). Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GEO database were analyzed to identify subpopulations within the OA immune microenvironment. Quality control, filtering, PCA dimensionality reduction, and tSNE clustering were performed to obtain detailed cell subtypes.

The hidden weavers: A review of DNA/RNA R-loops in stem cell biology and therapeutic potential.

R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of RNA-DNA hybrids, are increasingly recognized as central regulators of genomic stability and transcription. These structures play critical roles across various cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, and gene regulation, with significant implications for stem cell biology and disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively explores the molecular underpinnings of R-loop formation, emphasizing the dual nature of R-loops in both facilitating normal cellular functions and contributing to genomic instability.