Improved Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Mixing from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, MINOS+, Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments.

Searches for electron antineutrino, muon neutrino, and muon antineutrino disappearance driven by sterile neutrino mixing have been carried out by the Daya Bay and MINOS+ collaborations. This Letter presents the combined results of these searches, along with exclusion results from the Bugey-3 reactor experiment, framed in a minimally extended four-neutrino scenario. Significantly improved constraints on the θ_{μe} mixing angle are derived that constitute the most constraining limits to date over five orders of magnitude in the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}, excluding the 90% C.

Quercetin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting neutrophil inflammatory activities.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypical autoimmune disorder mainly characterized by joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. Neutrophils actively take part in the initiation and progression of RA. Neutrophils express inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines.

PD-1 topographically defines distinct T cell subpopulations in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder and predicts patient survival.

Introduction: The pre-existing tumor-infiltrating T cell landscape in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) may obtain prognostic significance and guide treatment decisions, particularly regarding immunotherapy. However, the current studies typically lead to inconsistent conclusions due to the extreme heterogeneity of T cells in cancer. Herein, we investigated the heterogeneity, distribution and clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating T cells based on PD-1 expression, their spatial organization, and the balance between subsets in a series of UCB patients.

Construction of a hierarchical-structured MgO-carbon nanocomposite from a metal-organic complex for efficient CO capture and organic pollutant removal.

Rational engineering of the architecture and structure of an adsorbent material is essential for high-performance adsorption. Herein, a porous nanocomposite composed of MgO and carbon species (MgO/C) with a hierarchical architecture is fabricated via the simple pyrolysis of a Mg-containing metal-organic complex. Our investigations reveal that with the unique architectural and chemical characteristics, MgO/C performs as a remarkable solid adsorbent for gas adsorption and wastewater treatment.

FGL2 is positively correlated with enhanced antitumor responses mediated by T cells in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, accounting for 25% of cancer-related deaths and 14% of new cancers worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pulmonary cancer. Although there have been some improvements in the traditional therapy of lung cancer, the outcome and prognosis of patients remain poor.

Detecting Migration and Infiltration of Neutrophils in Mice.

Neutrophils are a major member of the innate immune system and play pivotal roles in host defense against pathogens and pathologic inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils can be recruited to inflammation sites via the guidance of cytokines and chemokines. Overwhelming infiltration of neutrophils can lead to indiscriminate tissue damage, such as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Millimeters long super flexible MnSi@SiO electrical nanocables applicable in harsh environments.

Providing high performance electrical nano-interconnects for micro-nano electronics that are robust in harsh environments is highly demanded. Today, electrical nano-interconnects based on metallic nanowires, e.g.

Application and Mechanisms of Triptolide in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases-A Review.

Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects have been emerging as important sources of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from Hook F (TwHF) that is used as a remedy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As the most promising bioactive compound obtained from TwHF, triptolide has attracted considerable interest recently, especially for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities.

Andrographolide Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating the Apoptosis-NETosis Balance of Neutrophils.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric polyarthritis with swelling and pain at synovial joints. In RA patients, delayed neutrophil apoptosis amplifies the inflammatory response and massively released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce tissue damage and provide self-antigens. Andrographolide (AD) is the major active labdane diterpenoid derived from , which has multiple pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection, anti-angiogenesis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-inflammation.

Extraction of the ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu Antineutrino Spectra at Daya Bay.

This Letter reports the first extraction of individual antineutrino spectra from ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu fission and an improved measurement of the prompt energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay. The analysis uses 3.5×10^{6} inverse beta-decay candidates in four near antineutrino detectors in 1958 days.

Graphene Oxide Wrapped CuVO Nanobelts as High-Capacity and Long-Life Cathode Materials of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered as a promising alternative of lithium-ion batteries for stationary energy storage because of their economical and high safety quality. However, their widespread application is still impeded by the development of cathode materials with poor energy density and limited long-term stability. Herein, we report a high-performance CuVO cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries and elucidate the zinc-storage mechanism.

Facile Universal Mass Production Strategy to Sub-3 nm Monodisperse Nanocrystals of Transition-Metal Oxides and Their Excellent Cyclability for Li-Ion Storage.

Nanoparticles, especially ultrasmall ones in sub-3 nm realms, are fundamental to high activity, high efficiency, and high utilization (3-H) important for many fields. Meanwhile, controlling the crystallinity, surfaces/interfaces, and pores, especially dimension-tunable aspect in them, is also of great significance in synthetic chemistry and nanoengineering. However, controlling crystallization down to a scale of sub-3 nm in mass production, even of subnucleus scale, is rare and still challenging.

Electronic Structure and Crystalline Phase Dual Modulation via Anion-Cation Co-doping for Boosting Oxygen Evolution with Long-Term Stability Under Large Current Density.

Designing a state-of-the-art nonprecious oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst with ultralong stability under high current density (≥100 h under 1000 mA cm) is greatly desirable for the viable electrolysis of water. The synthesis of nanostructure catalysts is an effective method for improving the OER performance, but nanostructure-based catalysts are easily destroyed by mechanical force via the vigorous oxygen gas evolution process at a high current density. Herein, we present a facile strategy of N-anion and Fe-cation dual doping to construct a three-dimensional self-supported nickel selenide film-based catalyst via a one-step chemical vapor deposition process.

Enhanced migration and adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils from SAPHO patients revealed by RNA-Seq.

Background: SAPHO syndrome is a rare disease characterized by inflammatory lesions on skin and bones. Diversified manifestation and inadequate understanding of etiology has limited its diagnosis and treatment. The co-occurrence of other immune-mediated diseases strongly suggests an involvement of autoimmunity in SAPHO syndrome.

Interconnected Ultrasmall VO and LiTiO Particles Construct Robust Interfaces for Long-Cycling Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Designing composite structures of active materials is critical for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, as it determines the reversibility of lithium-ion insertion and extraction of the electrodes. The VO anode has a high specific capacity but presents poor cycling stability due to a large volume change. Herein, a novel C@VO-LiTiO composite with ultrastable cycling stability is constructed.

Microlocalization and clinical significance of stabilin-1 macrophages in treatment-naïve patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Purpose: Emerging evidence has shown that macrophages (Mφs) at different tumor sites have diverse clinical attributes. Stabilin-1 is a multi-functional scavenger marker for specialized tumor-associated Mφs. This study investigates the relationship between the density and microlocalization of stabilin-1 Mφs within tumors and the clinical outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

Emodin ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, synovitis-based inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Neutrophils play important roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Apoptosis and NETosis of neutrophils are two major mechanisms of programmed cell death that differ in their morphological characteristics and effects on the immune system.

Adaptive Responses of to Toxic Organic Extracellular Electron Acceptor Azo Dyes in Anaerobic Respiration.

Bacterial anaerobic respiration using an extracellular electron acceptor plays a predominant role in global biogeochemical cycles. However, the mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to the toxic organic pollutant as the extracellular electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration are not clear, which limits our ability to optimize the strategies for the bioremediation of a contaminated environment. Here, we report the physiological characteristics and the global gene expression of an ecologically successful bacterium, S12, when using a typical toxic organic pollutant, amaranth, as the extracellular electron acceptor.

The field emission of carbon-in-AlOC nanoneedles and its failure mechanism: high-field induced shell cracking and chemical decomposition.

Although ceramic AlOC has recently been found to have interesting optical properties, its low conductivity makes it difficult to be used in fields related to electron transport. Here, we achieved carbon-in-AlOC core-shell nanoneedles via a one-step chemical vapor deposition method. The core with the form of few-layer graphene embedded in amorphous carbon improves the electron transport largely, as the I-V measurement is based on a single nanowire.

A resource-utilization way of the waste printed circuit boards to prepare silicon carbide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application.

A resource-utilization strategy of the waste PCBs was developed: preparation of high value-added silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles using the waste PCBs as both silica and carbon precursors. The preparation process contained three optimized steps: acid wash pretreatment with 3 mol L nitric acid at 60 °C for 96 h, low-temperature pyrolysis at 500 °C to allow the epoxy resin to decompose into carbon, and high-temperature pyrolysis at 1600 °C (in situ carbothermal reduction) to gain pure SiC nanoparticles. The pseudo first-order reaction rate constant (k) of the p-n heterojunction of SiC/TiO towards the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was 0.

Nanoscopic Spotlight in a Spindle Semiconductor Nanowire.

Theoretically, no matter how thin a nanowire is, it can transport light in the form of an evanescent field. However, in practice, the low propagation efficiency induced by complex dissipation makes light transport difficult to realize when the nanowire is distinctly thinner than ∼ λ/2. Accordingly, nanowire photonics research at such a scale is limited.

Measurement of the Electron Antineutrino Oscillation with 1958 Days of Operation at Daya Bay.

We report a measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment with nearly 4 million reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} inverse β decay candidates observed over 1958 days of data collection. The installation of a flash analog-to-digital converter readout system and a special calibration campaign using different source enclosures reduce uncertainties in the absolute energy calibration to less than 0.5% for visible energies larger than 2 MeV.

Programmed death ligand-1 is associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and poorer survival in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Drugs blocking programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have shown unprecedented activity in metastatic and unresectable bladder cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression, clinical significance and association of PD-L1 with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in resectable urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). In this retrospective study, 248 UCB patients who received radical cystectomy or transurethral resection were examined.

Surfaces/Interfaces Modification for Vacancies Enhancing Lithium Storage Capability of CuO Ultrasmall Nanocrystals.

Theoretically, CuO delivers a poor Li storage capacity ∼373.9 mA h g based on a so-called conversion reaction (CuO + 2Li → 2Cu + LiO). Herein, we broke through the bottleneck and acquired an impressive lithium storage capability (1122 mA h g) tripled more than the theoretical one by an in situ surface/interface engineering process for the first time.

Triptolide inhibits the inflammatory activities of neutrophils to ameliorate chronic arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by cellular infiltration into the joints and cartilage destruction. Neutrophils play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA. Triptolide (TP) is a bioactive compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, which has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for a variety of inflammatory disorders, including RA, for many centuries.