Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in combination with lenvatinib and durvalumab versus standard first-line treatment gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

In patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory despite the recommended first-line treatment of gemcitabine with cisplatin and durvalumab (GCD). We recently reported that hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in combination with lenvatinib and durvalumab (HLD) exhibited promising antitumor activity and manageable adverse events in patients with unresectable ICC. Here, we aimed to compare HLD with GCD in patients with advanced ICC.

Expression and prognostic potential of TMEM204: a pan-cancer analysis.

TMEM204 (Transmembrane Protein 204) is a member of the TMEM family that regulates cell function and angiogenesis. Previous studies showed that TMEM204 is related to pancreatic cancer, but its roles in other cancers remain unknown. To reveal this relationship, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis by several online databases.

Efficacy and safety of scleral crosslinking using poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate for form-deprivation myopia progression in rabbits.

Myopia is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide at an alarming rate. However, no effective treatment is available for inhibiting myopia progression. Materials chemistry advancements have made it possible to regulate mechanical properties and rate of degradation with good compatibility by developing newly crosslinking systems such as the branched polyethylene glycol (PEG) systems.

Downregulation of Notch3 links TIMP3 inhibition to suppress aggressive phenotypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most deadly digestive cancers, has a poor 5-year survival rate and is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, such as gemcitabine. Notch3 plays an important role in cancer progression, and its expression facilitates chemoresistance in cancers. This study examined the clinical significance of Notch3 and explored the mechanisms through which it may affect disease progression in PDAC.

NONO phase separation enhances DNA damage repair by accelerating nuclear EGFR-induced DNA-PK activation.

Radioresistance is one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure, which leads to relapse and inferior survival outcome of cancer patients. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins is known to be involved in various biological processes, whereas its role in the regulation of radiosensitivity remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized NONO, an RNA/DNA binding protein with LLPS capacity, as an essential regulator of tumor radioresistance.

LncRNA Lnc-APUE is Repressed by HNF4 and Promotes G1/S Phase Transition and Tumor Growth by Regulating MiR-20b/E2F1 Axis.

Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been annotated, but their functions remain unknown. The authors found a novel lnc-APUE (lncRNA accelerating proliferation by upregulating E2F1) that is upregulated in different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and high lnc-APUE level is associated with short recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC patients. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses showed that lnc-APUE accelerated G1/S transition and tumor cell growth in vitro and allows hepatoma xenografts to grow faster in vivo.

Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Biosensors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects.

Biosensors worn on or implanted in eyes have been garnering substantial attention since being proven to be an effective means to acquire critical biomarkers for monitoring the states of ophthalmic disease, diabetes. Among these disorders, glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness globally, usually results in irreversible blindness. Continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is considered as an effective measure, which provides a comprehensive view of IOP changes that is beyond reach for the "snapshots" measurements by clinical tonometry.

Theranostic Nanomedicine for Synergistic Chemodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Glioma.

Glioma is a common primary brain malignancy with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for brain tumors but low efficiency of drugs in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and drug resistance related to tumor hypoxia thwart its efficacy. Herein, a theranostic nanodrug (iRPPA@TMZ/MnO) is developed by incorporating oleic acid-modified manganese oxide (MnO) and temozolomide (TMZ) into a polyethylene glycol-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate-based polymeric micelle containing internalizing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (iRGD).

A p53/lnc-Ip53 Negative Feedback Loop Regulates Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance.

Acetylation is a critical mechanism to modulate tumor-suppressive activity of p53, but the causative roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in p53 acetylation and their biological significance remain unexplored. Here, lncRNA LOC100294145 is discovered to be transactivated by p53 and is thus designated as lnc-Ip53 for lncRNA induced by p53. Furthermore, lnc-Ip53 impedes p53 acetylation by interacting with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and E1A binding protein p300 (p300) to prevent HDAC1 degradation and attenuate p300 activity, resulting in abrogation of p53 activity and subsequent cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance.

CD19CD24CD38 regulatory B cells: a potential immune predictive marker of severity and therapeutic responsiveness of hepatitis C.

Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with abnormal immune responses. Since regulatory T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) cells modulate the progression of infectious diseases, this study aimed at examining how these cells are involved with the development of HCV infection.

Methods: The frequencies of circulating Bregs and Tregs were characterized using flow cytometry.

Cytotoxic alkaloids from the marine shellfish-associated fungus sp. XBB-4 induced by an amino acid-directed strategy.

Eight different culture media were used to culture shellfish associated fungus sp. XBB-4. In a glucose-peptone-yeast (GPY) culture medium supplied with amino acids, this fungus can produce chemodiversity metabolites.

EBV-associated myoid tumor with lipoblast-like cells in a patient with normal immunity.

EBV-associated myoid tumor (EBVMT) comprises a specific group of soft tissue tumors with divergent histologic appearances, which typically occur in immunocompromised patients. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reported of EBVMT in patients with normal immunity. EBVMT with lipoblast-like cells (EBVMT-LIC) is an extremely rare variant of EBVMT.

Small Incision Femtosecond Laser-assisted X-ray-irradiated Corneal Intrastromal Xenotransplantation in Rhesus Monkeys: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Gamma-ray irradiation could significantly induce widespread apoptosis in corneas and reduced the allogenicity of donor cornea. And the X-rays may have similar biological effects. The feasibility and effects of X-ray-irradiated corneal lamellae have not been assessed yet.

Comparison of Small-incision Femtosecond Laser-assisted Intrastromal Keratoplasty and Lamellar Keratoplasty in Rhesus Monkeys Using Xenogenic Corneal Lamellae.

Background: In our previous study, both allogeneic and xenogeneic smallincision femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal keratoplasty were demonstrated to be safe and effective surgeries. Glycerol-dehydrated corneal lamellae could serve as alternative xenogeneic inlay grafts. However, these xenogeneic lamellae have not been explored in lamellar keratoplasty (LK).

Over-expression of IMPDH2 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) has been found to play critical roles in the development and progression of several human cancers. However, the expression of IMPDH2 and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is little known. The expression of IMPDH2 in HCC cell lines and tissues were evaluated by Western blotting (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Emerging role of C5a/C5aR IL-17A axis in cGVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with features characteristic of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic Th17 cells. However, the mechanism of Th17 cells generation in the setting of cGVHD is still unclear. Here we defined C5a/C5aR-IL-17Aaxis as a novel signaling that required in the pathologies of cGVHD.

Sildenafil inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer with frequent overexpression of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). In the present study, we investigated that the anticancer effect of sildenafil on human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo, which is a potent and selective inhibitor of PDE5 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension in the clinic. Sildenafil significantly induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer with increased intracellular reactive oxidative specie (ROS) levels, which were accompanied by obvious alterations of related proteins such as CDKs, Cyclins and PARP etc.

Herbal compound Naoshuantong capsule attenuates retinal injury in ischemia/reperfusion rat model by inhibiting apoptosis.

Objectives: Ischemic ophthalmopathy threatens people's lives and health. The herbal compound medication, Naoshuantong capsule, plays a critical role in the treatment of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms of action of Naoshuantong capsule in ischemic ophthalmopathy is unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy in rats.

Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, induced apoptosis via independent mitochondrial and death receptor pathway in retinoblastoma Y79 cell.

Rapamycin is helpful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, rapamycin mediated apoptosis were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. The MTT assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against Y79 cells was 0.

NAT1 polymorphisms and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) slow and rapid acetylation phenotypes with cancer risk based on a meta-analysis.

Methods: Previously published case-control studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to assess the relationship between NAT1 polymorphisms and cancer risk.

Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, induced growth inhibition in retinoblastoma Y79 cell via down-regulation of Bmi-1.

Rapamycin is useful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, anticancer activity and its acting mechanisms of rapamycin were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. CCK-8 assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells was 0.

Effect of HM910, a novel camptothecin derivative, on the inhibition of multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Despite a variety of novel therapeutic agents, such as bortezomib, thalidomide and topotecan, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, thus the development of new chemotherapeutical agents is of high priority. We found HM910, a novel camptothecin (CPT) derivative, exhibited potent inhibition of MM cell growth in vitro and in xenografts of nude mice. Mechanistically, HM910 reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) via an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which eventually resulting in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Targeting cancer stem cells: a new therapy to cure cancer patients.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been defined as cells within tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. They have been identified in blood, breast, brain, colon, melanoma, pancreatic, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers and so on. It is often considered to be associated with chemo-resistance and radio-resistance that lead to the failure of traditional therapies.

[Construction and identification of primary open angle glaucoma disease MYOC Pro356Leu mutant plasmid in mouse].

Purpose: To construct and identify the plasmid of mutant MYOC Pro356Leu in mouse.

Methods: 1.Transfering Red recombinantinase- expressing plasmid pKD46 was transferred to RP23-180F15 BAC clone by electroporation.

[Progress of individualized chemotherapy guided by chemosensitivity test].

In spite of receiving chemotherapy, the response of patients with cancer can be extremely variable. Chemosensitivity testing is being applied in institutes and some hospitals to improve the effects of chemotherapy. It would be useful for choosing the most effective drug and strategy for individual chemotherapy and to exclude the resistance of the tumor cells.