Segment Any Leaf 3D: A Zero-Shot 3D Leaf Instance Segmentation Method Based on Multi-View Images.

Exploring the relationships between plant phenotypes and genetic information requires advanced phenotypic analysis techniques for precise characterization. However, the diversity and variability of plant morphology challenge existing methods, which often fail to generalize across species and require extensive annotated data, especially for 3D datasets. This paper proposes a zero-shot 3D leaf instance segmentation method using RGB sensors.

High-Performance Polyolefin Material: Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Poly(4-Methyl-1-pentene).

As a kind of high-performance thermoplastic crystalline resin, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) is characterized by its low density, low dielectric constant, exceptional mechanical and chemical properties, high transparency, and gas permeability. PMP has recently received more attention since COVID-19, because it is used as a hollow-fiber membrane for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) based on its high permeability and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes the chemical structure, synthesis, properties, and application of PMP.

Impact of Cell Layout on Bandwidth of Multi-Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array.

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) show considerable promise for application in ultrasound imaging, but the limited bandwidth of the traditional PMUTs largely affects the imaging quality. This paper focuses on how to arrange cells with different frequencies to maximize the bandwidth and proposes a multi-frequency PMUT (MF-PMUT) linear array. Seven cells with gradually changing frequencies are arranged in a monotonic trend to form a unit, and 32 units are distributed across four lines, forming one element.

DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer as Potential Prognostic and Predictive Markers.

The DNA methylation of can regulate its gene expression and may play a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the association between DNA methylation and the prognosis of CRC patients has not yet been reported. In this study, differential methylation analysis was conducted in both blood and tissue cohorts, and differential expression analysis was performed in the tissue cohort with in vitro validation.

Application of Spatial Transcriptomics in Digestive System Tumors.

In the field of digestive system tumor research, spatial transcriptomics technologies are used to delve into the spatial structure and the spatial heterogeneity of tumors and to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inter-cellular interactions within it by revealing gene expression in tumors. These technologies are also instrumental in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of digestive system tumors. This review provides a concise introduction to spatial transcriptomics and summarizes recent advances, application prospects, and technical challenges of these technologies in digestive system tumor research.

Trans-Arterial Embolization for Liver Metastases of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Response Indicates Survival Benefit?

Objective: To determine the impact of trans-arterial embolization (TAE) on overall survival (OS) in patients with liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (LM-GEP-NETs) and to identify factors that may influence tumor response to TAE treatment.

Methods: This study included patients with histologically and radiologically confirmed LM-GEP-NETs who received TAE treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, between November 2016 and January 2023. Imaging responses were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.

An Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Upadacitinib in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Real-World Study.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires effective treatment options. Upadacitinib, a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, has shown effectiveness in trials for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study evaluates its real-world effectiveness and safety.

Early Identification of the Non-Transplanted Functional High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Insights from a Predictive Nomogram.

: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have a suboptimal response to induction therapy or early relapse are classified as functional high-risk (FHR) patients and have been shown to have a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to establish a predictive nomogram for patients with non-transplanted FHR MM. : The group comprised 215 patients in our center between 1 January 2006 and 1 March 2024.

Unveiling as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer Recurrence: From Gene to Prognosis.

Prostate cancer is a major global health burden, with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy affecting 20-40% of patients and posing significant challenges to prognosis and treatment. Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cell () domain-containing genes in oncogenesis; however, their implications in prostate cancer and BCR risk remain underexplored. This study systematically evaluated 151 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in domain-containing genes in 458 patients with prostate cancer and BCR, followed by validation in an independent cohort of 185 patients.

Butyric Acid Modulates Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Inflammation and Secondary Bone Loss in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. While the exact pathogenetic mechanism of AS remains unclear, previous reports have highlighted the involvement of genetic factors, immune responses, and gut microbiota dysregulation in the development of this condition. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbial fermentation products derived from sugar, protein, and dietary fibers, play a role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammatory responses.

Deciphering Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease Progression: A Blueprint for Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Innovation.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review focuses on the signaling pathways of oxidative stress during the development of CVDs, delving into the molecular regulatory networks underlying oxidative stress in various disease stages, particularly apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic imbalance. By examining the dual roles of oxidative stress and the influences of sex differences on oxidative stress levels and cardiovascular disease susceptibility, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

An animal model of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome for translational research.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine. Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of transplanted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility.

A novel USP4 inhibitor that suppresses colorectal cancer stemness by promoting β-catenin and Twist1 degradation.

Background: The high mortality rate of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is primarily attributed to resistance to chemotherapy, where cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role. Deubiquitinating enzymes are essential regulators of CSC maintenance, making them potential targets for eliminating CSCs and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. This study aims to identify key deubiquitinating enzymes regulating CSCs and drug resistance of CRC.

Disrupting of IGF2BP3-stabilized CLDN11 mRNA by TNF-α increases intestinal permeability in obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and is typically associated with increased intestinal permeability. Understanding the role of specific molecules can help reduce the risk of developing SAP. Claudin 11 (CLDN11), a member of the Claudin family, regulates the permeability of various internal barriers.

Reduced white matter integrity and disrupted brain network in children with type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Previous studies indicated SMA causes not only lower motor neuron degeneration but also extensive brain involvement. This study aimed to investigate the changes of brain white matter and structural network using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with type 2 and 3 SMA.

Interlayer reconstruction phase transition in van der Waals materials.

Van der Waals materials display rich structural polymorphs with distinct physical properties. An atomistic understanding of the phase-transition dynamics, propagation pathway and associated evolution of physical properties is essential for capturing their potential in practical technologies. However, direct visualization of the rapid phase-transition process is fundamentally challenging due to the inherent trade-offs among atomic resolution, field of view and imaging frame rate.

Deformation behavior of additive manufactured 316 L stainless steel using in situ neutron diffraction.

Manufacturing of metallic components using additive manufacturing technique is of great interest for the industrial applications. Here, the mechanical and microstructural responses of a 316 L stainless steel (316LSS) built by selective laser melting (SLM) with XOY and XOZ directions were revealed by performing in situ neutron diffraction tensile tests. The tensile strength of the XOY-printed samples reaches 700 MPa, while the tensile strength of the XOZ-printed samples is less than 600 MPa.

Primary tumor resection might improve outcomes in metastatic thoracic esophageal cancer.

The study aims to evaluate the survival impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on thoracic esophageal cancer with distant metastasis(TECDM). Data of patients with TECDM was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database(SEER) from 2010 to 2020. A 1:1 propensity-score matching(PSM) analysis was employed to minimize heterogeneity between the groups.

Fecal microbiota transplantation: transitioning from chaos and controversial realm to scientific precision era.

With the popularization of modern lifestyles, the spectrum of intestinal diseases has become increasingly diverse, presenting significant challenges in its management. Traditional pharmaceutical interventions have struggled to keep pace with these changes, leaving many patients refractory to conventional pharmaceutical treatments. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for enterogenic diseases.

Risk assessment of chlorophenols (CPs) exposure in vitro:Inhibition of sulfotransferases (SULTs) activity.

Chlorophenols (CPs) are common organic pollutants widely used in many industries. The current study seeks to examine the inhibition of sulfotransferases (SULTs) by CPs. Four SULT isoforms were significantly inhibited by multiply CPs.

Salidroside production through cascade biocatalysis with a thermostability-enhanced UDP-glycosyltransferase.

Salidroside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside with wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; however, the plant genus Rhodiola, the natural source of salidroside, has slow growth and limited distribution. In this study, we designed a novel six-enzyme biocatalytic cascade for the efficient production of salidroside, utilizing cost-effective bio-based L-Tyrosine as the starting material. A preliminary analysis revealed that the poor thermostability of the Bacillus licheniformis UDP-glycosyltransferase (EC 2.

Circadian and Autophagy Markers Correlate with Poor Prognosis in Meningioma Patients.

Purpose: Patients with meningiomas mostly present good outcomes and optimal prognosis, but different grades of tumors have very different symptoms and recurrence rates. Therefore, effective diagnosis is crucial for early intervention and controlling tumor development. Circadian cycle and autophagy have both been proven to be related to neoplasm formation and pathogenesis; however, there is limited exploration and discussion on the relationships between the circadian cycle and autophagy in patients with meningiomas.

Defining air quality standards for pesticides through population exposure modeling.

Atmospheric pesticide pollution is a global problem that poses risks to human health. However, controlling air pollution remains challenging, as few countries have established air quality standards (AQS) for pesticides. Here, we proposed a modeling framework based on human exposure assessment, comprising scenarios: screening, advanced, and aggregated.