EZH2 inhibition induces pyroptosis via RHA-mediated S100A9 overexpression in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) represent a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal diseases derived from aberrant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important regulator in gene expression through methyltransferase-dependent or methyltransferase-independent mechanisms. Herein, we found EZH2 inhibition led to MDS cell pyroptosis through RNA Helicase A (RHA) down-regulation induced overexpression of S100A9, a key regulator of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.

Best evidence summary for the management of exercise in patients with central venous access devices.

Background: Central venous access devices (CVAD) are widely used in patient care, providing an essential, reliable pathway for patients to receive chemotherapy, long-term infusions, and nutritional support. However, a system of exercise management has not been developed in patients with CVAD.

Purpose: To evaluate and summarize the evidence for management exercise in patients with CVAD and provide guidance for clinical practice.

Salt-inducible kinase 2 confers radioresistance in colorectal cancer by facilitating homologous recombination repair.

Resistance to radiotherapy remains a critical barrier in treating colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly in cases of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). To identify key kinases involved in CRC radioresistance, we employed a kinase-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 library screen. This approach aimed to identify potential kinase inhibitors as radiosensitizers.

The prevalence of PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer: the EXCEED observational study.

Aims: There are limited data on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in oesophageal cancer (OC) from multicentre studies conducted across China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced OC.

Methods: The EXCEED study was a multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six tertiary hospitals that evaluated PD-L1 expression in adults with advanced OC or advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Cystine-Modified Lignin-Copper Coordination Nanocarriers Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition via Cuproptosis.

The clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is rapidly growing and has emerged as a cornerstone in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, resistance to TKI targets and disease progression remain inevitable. Nanocarrier-mediated delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of the TKI application.

Weight censorial score: estimation of the weight loss during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by image features predicts prognosis.

Purpose: Bodyweight loss is commonly found in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma patients during Concurrent Chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) and has implications for treatment decisions. However, the prognostic value of this weight loss remains uncertain. We addressed it by proposing a novel index Weight Censorial Score (WCS) that characterizes the patient-specific CCRT response on actual to estimated weight loss.

Clinical significance of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT response in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A real-world study.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) and develop an accurate prognostic model based on the 2-[F]FDG PET/CT results.

Methods: 900 LANPC patients who underwent pretreatment and post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT from May 2014 to August 2022 were included in the study. We divided the patients into two distinct cohorts for the purpose of our study: a training cohort comprising 506 individuals, included from May 2008 to April 2020, and a validation cohort consisting of 394 individuals, included from May 2020 to August 2022.

Elective Discontinuation of Larotrectinib in Pediatric Patients With TRK Fusion Sarcomas and Related Mesenchymal Tumors.

Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with efficacy in children with TRK fusion tumors. We evaluated patient outcomes after elective discontinuation of larotrectinib in the absence of disease progression in a protocol-defined wait-and-see subset analysis of eligible patients where treatment resumption with larotrectinib was allowed if disease progressed. We also assessed the safety and efficacy of larotrectinib in all pediatric patients with sarcoma.

Integrated Genomics Reveal Potential Resistance Mechanisms of PANoptosis-Associated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is marked by the proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood, leading to low cure rates despite new drug approvals from 2017 to 2018. Current therapies often fail due to the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms, such as those involving anti-apoptotic pathways and immune evasion, highlighting an urgent need for novel approaches to overcome these limitations. Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for tissue homeostasis, with PANoptosis-a form of PCD integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis-recently identified.

Efficacy of PARPi re-maintenance therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer.

Objective: The current clinical data regarding the re-administration of PARPi maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) is limited. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and associated factors of PARPi re-maintenance therapy in PSROC patients in China.

Methods: In this study, there were 201 patients with PSROC who had received maintenance therapy previously and achieved complete or partial response after platinum-based chemotherapy upon recurrence.

Prognosis prediction of α-FAtE score for locoregional immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: The α-FAtE score, composed of alpha-fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, and eosinophil levels, has been reported as a predictor of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. This study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of α-FAtE score for the efficacy and safety of locoregional immunotherapy as the treatment of HCC patients.

Methods And Patients: We conducted a retrospective study of 446 HCC patients at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 1 2019 to January 1 2023.

iRGD-Targeted Biosynthetic Nanobubbles for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Osteosarcoma.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. However, there is a lack of effective means for early diagnosis due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. αvβ3 integrin, a crucial role in the growth and spread of tumors, is not only an effective biomarker for cancer angiogenesis, but also highly expressed in many tumor cells.

The cryptic lncRNA-encoded microprotein TPM3P9 drives oncogenic RNA splicing and tumorigenesis.

Emerging evidence demonstrates that cryptic translation from RNAs previously annotated as noncoding might generate microproteins with oncogenic functions. However, the importance and underlying mechanisms of these microproteins in alternative splicing-driven tumor progression have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the novel protein TPM3P9, encoded by the lncRNA tropomyosin 3 pseudogene 9, exhibits oncogenic activity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by enhancing oncogenic RNA splicing.

DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer as Potential Prognostic and Predictive Markers.

The DNA methylation of can regulate its gene expression and may play a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the association between DNA methylation and the prognosis of CRC patients has not yet been reported. In this study, differential methylation analysis was conducted in both blood and tissue cohorts, and differential expression analysis was performed in the tissue cohort with in vitro validation.

Application of Spatial Transcriptomics in Digestive System Tumors.

In the field of digestive system tumor research, spatial transcriptomics technologies are used to delve into the spatial structure and the spatial heterogeneity of tumors and to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inter-cellular interactions within it by revealing gene expression in tumors. These technologies are also instrumental in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of digestive system tumors. This review provides a concise introduction to spatial transcriptomics and summarizes recent advances, application prospects, and technical challenges of these technologies in digestive system tumor research.

A novel USP4 inhibitor that suppresses colorectal cancer stemness by promoting β-catenin and Twist1 degradation.

Background: The high mortality rate of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is primarily attributed to resistance to chemotherapy, where cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role. Deubiquitinating enzymes are essential regulators of CSC maintenance, making them potential targets for eliminating CSCs and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. This study aims to identify key deubiquitinating enzymes regulating CSCs and drug resistance of CRC.

Disrupting of IGF2BP3-stabilized CLDN11 mRNA by TNF-α increases intestinal permeability in obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and is typically associated with increased intestinal permeability. Understanding the role of specific molecules can help reduce the risk of developing SAP. Claudin 11 (CLDN11), a member of the Claudin family, regulates the permeability of various internal barriers.

Integrative Transcriptome-Wide Association Study With Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Colocalization Identifies a Causal VAMP8 Variant for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Asia-prevalent malignancy, yet its genetic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Here, a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is conducted on NPC, leveraging gene expression prediction models based on epithelial tissues and genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from 1577 NPC cases and 6359 controls of southern Chinese descent. The TWAS identifies VAMP8 on chromosome 2p11.

Associations of Retinal Microvascular Density and Fractal Dimension with Glaucoma: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank.

Objective: To explore the association between retinal microvascular parameters and glaucoma.

Design: Prospective study.

Subjects: The UK Biobank subjects with fundus images and without a history of glaucoma.

Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Cancer Immunotherapy: Present Investigations and Future Perspective.

Gut microbiota is crucial for protecting the homeostasis of immune locally and systemically, and its dysbiosis is essentially correlated to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and refractoriness to cancer treatments, including the novel immunotherapy. Increasing evidence unravel the intricate role of gut microbiota in reshaping tumor microenvironment and affecting the efficacy and toxicities of immunotherapy, which shed more light on the future applications of gut microbiota in efficacious biomarker and combination treatment of immunotherapy. To better grasp the underlying crosstalk between gut microbiota and immunotherapy, more experimental and clinical trials are indispensable for the customized gut microbiota-based treatments in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.

High prediagnostic dietary intake of vitamin B and vitamin B is associated with favorable prognosis of colorectal cancer among Chinese colorectal cancer patients.

The potential impact of one-carbon metabolism (OCM)-related B vitamins (vitamin B, B, B, and folate) on colorectal cancer survival warrants investigation but research is sparse. This cohort study examined the association between the prediagnostic dietary intakes of OCM-related B vitamins and colorectal cancer survival. A total of 2799 colorectal cancer patients from the Guangdong Colorectal Cancer Cohort, enrolled at baseline in 2010, were followed for mortality outcomes through 2023.