Dengue virus surveillance in Nepal yields the first on-site whole genome sequences of isolates from the 2022 outbreak.

Background: The 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) can each cause potentially deadly dengue disease, and are spreading globally from tropical and subtropical areas to more temperate ones. Nepal provides a microcosm of this global phenomenon, having met each of these grim benchmarks. To better understand DENV transmission dynamics and spread into new areas, we chose to study dengue in Nepal and, in so doing, to build the onsite infrastructure needed to manage future, larger studies.

Ileal perforation peritonitis secondary to accidental ingestion of a chicken bone: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Ileal perforation is a rare but serious condition that can arise from accidental ingestion of foreign objects. This report discusses an unusual case of ileal perforation peritonitis caused by ingestion of a chicken bone.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male presented with acute generalized abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting for three days.

Incidental diagnosis of bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms: a case report and comprehensive literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Aneurysms are dilatations of arteries, with abdominal aortic ectasias (AAE) considered precursors to abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs), often accompanying AAA, present a serious risk, particularly due to rupture. Here, the authors present a case highlighting the importance of recognizing and managing isolated bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAAs).

Atypical case of tuberous sclerosis with isolated neurologic findings: A case report.

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder. This case highlights rare isolated neurologic finding in a TSC patient emphasizing the need for heightened suspicion even in the absence of any cutaneous findings and family history.

Achalasia cardia: A case report in young female.

Key Clinical Message: This case emphasizes the need for early recognition and accurate diagnosis of achalasia in young adults to avoid exacerbation of the condition and misdiagnosis as GERD. Patient outcomes and quality of life are greatly enhanced by suitable diagnostic techniques, appropriate therapy, interdisciplinary care, and comprehensive patient education along with frequent follow-ups.

Abstract: Achalasia results from the degeneration of inhibitory ganglion cells within the esophageal myenteric plexus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), leading to a loss of inhibitory neurons and resulting in the absence of peristalsis with failure of LES relaxation.

Gemykibivirus detection in acute encephalitis patients from Nepal.

Unlabelled: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Nepal, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for ~5-20% of AES cases, but ~75% of AES cases are of unknown etiology. We identified a gemykibivirus in CSF collected in 2020 from an 8-year-old male patient with AES using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme: A rare case report of Rowell's syndrome.

Key Clinical Message: Although it is very uncommon, SLE may initially present with recurrent episodes of EM-like rash. Despite the various possibilities underlying their association, prompt identification, and treatment of SLE in patients presenting with EM is important to prevent death or serious organ damage.

Abstract: Rowell's syndrome (RS) is an uncommon presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with erythema multiforme (EM)-like lesions associated with specific serological changes, including positive rheumatoid factor (RF), speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA), positive rheumatoid factor, or anti-La antibodies in the serum.

Predictors to Intensive Care Unit admission among patient with coronavirus disease in Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Nepal: A case-control study.

The clinical features of COVID-19 are vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic states or mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia. Previous studies have shown that 20.0% of COVID-19 patients are hospitalized, out of which 10.

Symptoms 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nepali women.

In Nepal, over 1 million individuals have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We sought to describe the frequency of nonrecovery from this infection at 6 months and associated symptoms. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6142 women who had positive and negative PCR tests for this infection 6 months previously at 3 institutions in Kathmandu.

Gemykibivirus detection in acute encephalitis patients from Nepal.

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Nepal, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for ~ 5-20% of AES cases, but ~75% of AES cases are of unknown etiology. We identified a gemykibivirus in CSF collected in 2020 from a male child with AES using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt trauma in a seven-year-old girl: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma is rare, and the absence of definite clinical signs and symptoms may delay diagnosis and management.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a seven-year-old girl with a history of progressive, periumbilical abdominal pain and multiple episodes of non-bilious, non-blood mixed vomiting following a road traffic accident. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed an isolated grade three pancreatic injury managed conservatively.

Haloperidol-induced sudden cardiac arrest in a recently detected HIV and hepatitis C patient: A unique case report.

We herein described a case of a 45-year-old male recently detected with HIV and Hepatitis C who presented with signs of sepsis, developed delirium, and received haloperidol. Surprisingly, 10 min after intravenous administration, the patient developed Torsades de pointes and required immediate resuscitation. The report discusses the limited instances of cardiac arrest linked to haloperidol use, despite its generally perceived safety.

Dolutegravir-induced acquired sideroblastic anemia in a HIV positive patient: A challenging hematologic complication.

Dolutegravir, the most recent antiretroviral drug with high efficacy, good tolerability, infrequent drug-drug interactions, and a favorable safety profile has not been reported in current literature as a cause of acquired sideroblastic anemia. Here, we present a 35-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with acquired sideroblastic anemia to Dolutegravir therapy.

Bilateral thalamic stroke due to occlusion of the artery of Percheron: A case report and literature review.

Bilateral thalamic infarction resulting from the occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP) is a rare cerebrovascular event with distinctive clinical presentations. This case report explores the intricate relationship between vascular anatomy, midbrain function, and clinical manifestations. A 48-year-old male farmer with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with sudden-onset visual disturbances, diplopia, bilateral eyelid drooping, and loss of consciousness.

A rare case of Behcet's disease in Nepal: multisystem manifestations and diagnostic challenges.

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by a relapsing and remitting course and multisystem involvement. The authors present a case report of a 20-year-old male who presented with bilateral knee joint pain, oral and genital ulcers, and papulopustular skin lesions. The patient's clinical history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and biopsy results were consistent with the diagnosis of BD.

Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern in Nepal and its prevalence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IPV among married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the pandemic.

Methods: A web-based survey was conducted with 420 participants using a validated questionnaire adopted from the World Health Organization.

Unregulated medication use and complications: a case study of prolonged self-treated tuberculosis in Nepal.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue, particularly in resource-constrained countries like Nepal. This case report highlights the consequences of prolonged self-treatment and non-compliance with TB management protocols, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and intervention.

Case Presentation: A 50-year-old male from Nepal self-medicated with anti-tubercular drugs for 13 years after completing the recommended course of treatment.

Erasmus syndrome: A rare case report of silicosis and systemic sclerosis.

People with silicosis may develop Erasmus syndrome, a condition characterized by the emergence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) after silica exposure. This case study emphasizes the significance of understanding the connection between occupational silica exposure, silicosis, and SSc. A 24-year-old male stonecutter got silicosis and a form of SSc following 8 years on his job as a stonecutter.

A Consecutive Series Study of the Frequencies, Intensities, and Natural History of Symptoms Following COVID-19 Infection in Nepali Men.

Background: In Nepal, approximately one million individuals, two-thirds men, have tested positive for COVID-19. The recovery picture from this infection is undescribed.

Methods: At one major testing institution in Kathmandu, we attempted to contact men three-four months following documentation of a positive PCR Covid test.

Prevalence and Clinical Types of Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis and its Associated Disability: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To describe the state of literature regarding prevalence, clinical types of tremor in Multiple Sclerosis and associated disability.

Background: Tremor has long been recognized as an important symptom of multiple sclerosis. This can be intention and postural tremor that affects the upper limbs.

Has Data Quality of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal Improved between 2019 and 2022?

An operational research study was conducted in 2019 to assess the quality of data submitted by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance sites in the Bagmati Province of Nepal to the National Public Health Laboratory for Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). Measures were implemented to enhance the quality of AMR surveillance by strengthening capacity, improving infrastructure, implementing data sharing guidelines, and supervision. The current study examined reports submitted by surveillance sites in the same province in 2022 to assess whether the data quality had improved since 2019.

Aspirin-induced urticaria in a recently diagnosed ischemic stroke patient: A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: NSAIDs may be rare but an important cause of urticarial which should not be missed.

Abstract: The aspirin and urticaria correlation has not been fully understood. The pharmacological inference is suspected to be the diversion of arachidonic acid metabolism.