42,255 results match your criteria: "Suita; Osaka Neurological Institute[Affiliation]"

The oleaginous yeast is recognized for its remarkable lipid accumulation under nitrogen-limited conditions. However, precise control of microbial lipid production in remains challenging due to the complexity of nutrient media. We developed a two-stage fed-batch fermentation process using a well-defined synthetic medium in a 5-L bioreactor.

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Sympathetic nerves regulate nearly all human organs. Their peripheral nerves are present in tumor tissue. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system promotes malignant transformation in several cancers.

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Separation of deaminated impurities from the desired oligonucleotides using supercritical fluid chromatography.

J Chromatogr A

January 2025

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address:

With recent advancements concerning the optimization of the analytical conditions, it is feasible to analyze polar molecules using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this study, the applicability of SFC is evaluated for analyzing 5-, 10-, 15-, and 18-mer oligonucleotides, and SFC is then applied to analyze deaminated products, which are side products generated during oligonucleotide synthesis. These side products are difficult to separate from the target oligonucleotide, with the difficulty varying depending on the deamination position and sequences, even when using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC), a common method for oligonucleotide analysis.

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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a significant role in criminal trials involving citizen jurors. Prior studies have suggested that AI is not widely preferred in ethical decision-making contexts, but little research has compared jurors' reliance on judgments by human judges versus AI in such settings.

Objectives: This study examined whether jurors are more likely to defer to judgments by human judges or AI, especially in cases involving mitigating circumstances in which human-like reasoning may be valued.

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Background: Herein, we aimed to examine the relationship between sarcopenia, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients (87 males) diagnosed with cT1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The included patients underwent CRT as an initial treatment.

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Distribution analysis of RAB11A and RAB11B, small GTP-binding proteins, in mice.

Mol Biol Rep

January 2025

Department of Cellular Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, 486-0392, Japan.

Background: RAB11 is a small GTP-binding protein that regulates intracellular trafficking of recycling endosomes and is thereby involved in several neural functions. Highly similar RAB11 isoforms are encoded by RAB11A and RAB11B genes, and their pathogenic variants are associated with similar neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that RAB11A and RAB11B play similar and important roles in brain development. However, the detailed distribution patterns of these isoforms in various organs, including the brain, remain undetermined.

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Ghrelin suppresses water intake with a different physiological significance from atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious seawater-acclimated eels.

J Exp Biol

January 2025

Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.

In general, ghrelin is known as one of the orexigenic hormones in mammals. On the other hand, it has been shown that ghrelin inhibits water intake, which appear to be inconsistent with its role in the feeding response. In this study, the effect of ghrelin on water intake was comprehensively addressed using conscious seawater-acclimated eels known as an experimental model for water drinking behaviour.

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Objectives: Effective treatments for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) are limited. Hangeshashinto (HST), an anti-inflammatory Kampo medicine, may offer benefits but its efficacy for IBS-D requires further investigation. This study evaluated IBS-D symptom improvement and gut microbiota changes following HST administration.

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Sucrose-preferring gut microbes prevent host obesity by producing exopolysaccharides.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Commensal bacteria affect host health by producing various metabolites from dietary carbohydrates via bacterial glycometabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identified Streptococcus salivarius as a unique anti-obesity commensal bacterium. We found that S.

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Experimental and DFT Studies of Intermolecular Interaction-Assisted Oxindole Cyclization Reaction of Di-t-butyl 2-Aminophenyl-2-methyl Malonate.

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)

January 2025

Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.

Density functional theory calculations on the cyclization of di-t-butyl 2-(2-aminophenyl)-2-methyl malonate (1) to t-butyl 3-methyloxindole-3-carboxylate (2) reveal that acetic acid-assisted protonation of the carbonyl oxygen atom reduces the activation Gibbs free energy significantly lower than methanol-assisted pathways. Experimental data confirm that reaction concentration plays a pivotal role in oxindole formation. Experimental results also indicate distinct reaction mechanisms at low and high concentrations.

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Swarm shepherding using bearing-only measurements.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

January 2025

Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Drawing inspiration from natural herding behaviours, shepherding provides a method for swarm guidance that utilizes steering agents and can be applied in biological and robotics systems at various scales. However, while most shepherding research has relied on the precise sensing capabilities of steering agents, these assumptions do not necessarily hold in real-world tasks. To fill in the gap between practice and literature, in this study, we demonstrate that swarm shepherding can be achieved via bearing-only measurements, and explore the minimum amount of information required.

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Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospective database.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a risk-scoring system for predicting severe complications after pyogenic spondylodiscitis surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Pyogenic spondylodiscitis surgery can cause severe complications.

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Intramural pregnancy (IMP) is an extremely rare form of ectopic pregnancy (EP), typically associated with previous uterine trauma, adenomyosis, or assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as embryo transfer (ET). Despite its potentially life-threatening nature, the absence of definitive preoperative diagnostic criteria for IMP complicates its early detection and management, especially in patients without known risk factors. Additionally, management becomes more challenging when there is an elevated risk of hemorrhage.

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Purpose: To report a case of bilateral choroidal osteoma successfully treated with subscleral sclerectomy for secondary serous retinal detachment (SRD).

Observations: A 52-year-old Japanese woman first diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and treated with steroids for 9 years was referred to our clinic. SRD in both eyes recurred frequently and was uncontrolled with adalimumab subcutaneous injections and oral cyclosporine, in addition to steroids.

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Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is often accompanied by autoimmune thyroid disease. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoantibodies, focusing on decreased endogenous insulin secretion.

Materials And Methods: We examined 80 patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes, classifying them into two groups with and without thyroid autoantibodies and compared the clinical characteristics of the two groups.

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Background: This study aimed to compare the economic value of intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Participants were placed on either an isCGM or SMBG arm for 84 days, in a randomized, crossover setup with a 28-day washout period. Clinically relevant hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia (SH) risks were calculated by analyzing the data from isCGM.

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Diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease.

Diabetol Int

January 2025

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871 Japan.

Atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (PAD), that is, arteriosclerosis obliterans, is pathologically rooted in atherosclerosis, similar to other cardiovascular diseases. In addition to smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor. People with diabetes mellitus have an elevated risk of developing PAD.

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Practice guideline: Statement regarding treatment for suspected slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; probable) cases (English Version).

Diabetol Int

January 2025

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohnohigashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511 Japan.

Insulin treatment should be introduced in patients with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; definite), according to the revised diagnostic criteria of SPIDDM (2023). In contrast, SPIDDM (probable) patients are in a non-insulin-dependent state; therefore, a more flexible treatment can be considered, although sulfonylurea agents should be avoided. Insulin treatment has been shown to maintain endogenous insulin secretion capacity in SPIDDM (probable); however, this does not mean that all SPIDDM (probable) patients should use insulin from the early phase.

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Nocturnal polyuria is a major cause of nocturia, which affects quality of life. Aging-related decreases in nitric oxide production have been reported to contribute to salt-induced nocturnal polyuria. We posited that enhanced nitric oxide production from exercise could mitigate salt-induced nocturnal polyuria.

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Transcription and epigenetic factor dynamics in neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation.

Trends Genet

January 2025

Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China. Electronic address:

Neuronal activity, including sensory-evoked and spontaneous firing, regulates the expression of a subset of genes known as activity-dependent genes. A key issue in this process is the activation and accumulation of transcription factors (TFs), which bind to cis-elements at specific enhancers and promoters, ultimately driving RNA synthesis through transcription machinery. Epigenetic factors such as histone modifiers also play a crucial role in facilitating the specific binding of TFs.

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Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolic profiling and sensory evaluation of greenhouse mangoes (Mangifera indica L. 'Irwin') over multiple harvest seasons.

J Biosci Bioeng

January 2025

Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratory, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address:

Compared to outdoor mango cultivation in the tropics, greenhouse cultivation in temperate regions is less reported due to its short history and small scale. Here, we evaluated for the first time the taste-focused quality of greenhouse-grown mangoes (Irwin) by GC-MS metabolic profiling and sensory evaluation for over three years (2021-2023). The relative standard deviation in sensory evaluation scores was approximately 15 % each year.

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Background And Aims: The association between periprocedural change in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and outcomes in patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) is unclear. This study aimed to examine the prognostic value of TR before and after M-TEER.

Methods: Patients in the OCEAN-Mitral registry were divided into four groups according to baseline and post-procedure echocardiographic assessments: no TR/no TR (no TR), no TR/significant TR (new-onset TR), significant TR/no TR (normalized TR), and significant TR/significant TR (residual TR) (all represents before/after M-TEER).

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In this study, we explored the chemical modification of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist DNA using a highly fluorescent thymine analogue, ThexT, focusing on its structural and photophysical characteristics. ThexT-labelled CpG oligonucleotides effectively demonstrated intracellular localisation within macrophage cell lines. Notably, immunostimulatory activity varied depending on the site of ThexT incorporation within the TLR9 agonist sequence.

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Background: A partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with a hypoplastic left ventricle and common atrium is a rare combination of cardiac anomalies that can be associated with Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome.

Case Summary: A female neonate with EVC syndrome was diagnosed with an unbalanced AVSD and hypoplastic left ventricle. Pulmonary artery banding and ductus ligation were performed at 23 days after birth.

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