Erianthus arundinaceus HSP70 (EaHSP70) Acts as a Key Regulator in the Formation of Anisotropic Interdigitation in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) in Response to Drought Stress.

Plant growth during abiotic stress is a long sought-after trait especially in crop plants in the context of global warming and climate change. Previous studies on leaf epidermal cells have revealed that during normal growth and development, adjacent cells interdigitate anisotropically to form cell morphological patterns known as interlocking marginal lobes (IMLs), involving the cell wall-cell membrane-cortical actin continuum. IMLs are growth-associated cell morphological changes in which auxin-binding protein (ABP), Rho GTPases and actin are known to play important roles.

Vacuolar targeting of r-proteins in sugarcane leads to higher levels of purifiable commercially equivalent recombinant proteins in cane juice.

Sugarcane is an ideal candidate for biofarming applications because of its large biomass, rapid growth rate, efficient carbon fixation pathway and a well-developed storage tissue system. Vacuoles occupy a large proportion of the storage parenchyma cells in the sugarcane stem, and the stored products can be harvested as juice by crushing the cane. Hence, for the production of any high-value protein, it could be targeted to the lytic vacuoles so as to extract and purify the protein of interest from the juice.

Truncated Ubiquitin 5' Regulatory Region from Erianthus arundinaceus Drives Enhanced Transgene Expression in Heterologous Systems.

Characterization of novel plant gene promoters underpins the development of transgenic crop plants. Here, we report a novel 5' regulatory sequence (Eriubi D7) of the ubiquitin gene from Erianthus arundinaceus, a wild relative of sugarcane resistant to many biotic and abiotic stresses. A 3.

Introduction of Pea DNA Helicase 45 Into Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) Enhances Cell Membrane Thermostability And Upregulation Of Stress-responsive Genes Leads To Abiotic Stress Tolerance.

DNA helicases are motor proteins that play an essential role in nucleic acid metabolism, by providing a duplex-unwinding function. To improve the drought and salinity tolerance of sugarcane, a DEAD-box helicase gene isolated from pea with a constitutive promoter, Port Ubi 2.3 was transformed into the commercial sugarcane variety Co 86032 through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the transgenics were screened for tolerance to soil moisture stress and salinity.

Proteome readjustments in the apoplastic space of Arabidopsis thaliana ggt1 mutant leaves exposed to UV-B radiation.

Ultraviolet-B radiation acts as an environmental stimulus, but in high doses it has detrimental effects on plant metabolism. Plasma membranes represent a major target for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by this harmful radiation. Oxidative reactions occurring in the apoplastic space are counteracted by antioxidative systems mainly involving ascorbate and, to some extent, glutathione.

Sugarcane proteomics: An update on current status, challenges, and future prospects.

Sugarcane is one of the most important commercial crops cultivated worldwide for the production of crystal sugar, ethanol, and other related by-products. Unlike other comparable monocots like sorghum, maize, and rice, sugarcane genome by virtue of its polyploidy nature remains yet to be fully deciphered. Proteomics-an established complementary tool to genomics is at its infancy in sugarcane as compared to the other monocots.

Erianthus arundinaceus HSP70 (EaHSP70) overexpression increases drought and salinity tolerance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid).

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have a major role in stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. Our studies have shown that the expression of HSP70 is enhanced under water stress in Erianthus arundinaceus. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of overexpression of EaHSP70 driven by Port Ubi 2.

Overexpression of EaDREB2 and pyramiding of EaDREB2 with the pea DNA helicase gene (PDH45) enhance drought and salinity tolerance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid).

EaDREB2 overexpressed in sugarcane enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity. When co-transformed with plant DNA helicase gene, DREB2 showed greater level of salinity tolerance than in single-gene transgenics. Drought is one of the most challenging agricultural issues limiting sustainable sugarcane production and can potentially cause up to 50 % yield loss.

Molecular characterization of Indian Sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolates reveals recombination and negative selection in the P1 gene.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), a member of the genus Poacevirus is an important viral pathogen affecting sugarcane production in India. The P1 gene of ten Indian isolates was sequenced and compared with previously reported SCSMV isolates. Comparative sequence analysis revealed a high level of diversity in the P1 gene (83-98% nucleotide sequence identity; 87-100% amino acid sequence identity), and the Indian SCSMV isolates were found to be the most variable (up to 9% diversity at the amino acid level).

Expression profiling of sucrose metabolizing genes in Saccharum, Sorghum and their hybrids.

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.

Plant proteomics in India and Nepal: current status and challenges ahead.

Plant proteomics has made tremendous contributions in understanding the complex processes of plant biology. Here, its current status in India and Nepal is discussed. Gel-based proteomics is predominantly utilized on crops and non-crops to analyze majorly abiotic (49 %) and biotic (18 %) stress, development (11 %) and post-translational modifications (7 %).

Mature embryo-derived wheat transformation for tolerance to moisture stress.

We have developed marker-free transgenic wheat using a transcription factor, AtDREB1A cloned from Arabidopsis. Southern hybridization confirmed a transgenic event with a single copy insertion. PCR analysis of the T1 plants showed four were positive only for AtDREB1A.

A simple and sensitive single-step method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of fipronil and its metabolites in sugarcane juice, jaggery and sugar.

A simple and sensitive single-step method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of fipronil and its metabolites viz., fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulphide and fipronil sulphone in sugarcane juice, jaggery and sugar has been developed. Acetonitrile was superior to ethyl acetate in terms of selectivity, though they were on par with each other in terms of recoveries.

An alignment-free domain architecture similarity search (ADASS) algorithm for inferring homology between multi-domain proteins.

Annotations of the genes and their products are largely guided by inferring homology. Sequence similarity is the primary measure used for annotation purpose however, the domain content and order were given less importance albeit the fact that domain insertion, deletion, positional changes can bring in functional varieties. Of late, several methods developed quantify domain architecture similarity depending on alignments of their sequences and are focused on only homologous proteins.

Differential regulation of defense-related gene expression in response to red rot pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum infection in sugarcane.

Red rot is a serious disease of sugarcane caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum imposing a considerable economic loss annually in all sugarcane-producing countries. In this study, we analyzed the early resistance response of sugarcane to red rot fungus by comparing the differences between control and inoculated stalk tissues. Differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD-RT-PCR) was employed to identify altered expression of genes in disease-resistant cv Co 93009, in response to pathogen infection.

5' Regulatory region of ubiquitin 2 gene from Porteresia coarctata makes efficient promoters for transgene expression in monocots and dicots.

Porteresia ubiquitin 5' regulatory region drives transgene expression in monocots and dicots. Ubiquitin promoters are promising candidates for constitutive transgene expression in plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel 5' regulatory sequence of a ubiquitin gene from Porteresia coarctata, a stress-tolerant wild grass species.

Genetic diversity of Sugarcane bacilliform virus isolates infecting Saccharum spp. in India.

Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV), which causes leaf freckle in sugarcane, is a member of the genus Badnavirus. Studies were conducted to characterize SCBV in Saccharum officinarum germplasm and cultivated varieties in India by sequencing the complete genomes of five isolates. Genome lengths ranged from 7,553 to 7,884 nucleotides.

In vivo interactions of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae with selected opportunistic soil fungi of sugarcane ecosystem.

In the present study, the interactions of entomopathogenic fungi viz., Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae among themselves and three other opportunistic soil fungi from the sugarcane ecosystem namely, Fusarium saachari, Aspergillus sp. and Penecillium sp.

Myosinome: a database of myosins from select eukaryotic genomes to facilitate analysis of sequence-structure-function relationships.

Myosins are one of the largest protein superfamilies with 24 classes. They have conserved structural features and catalytic domains yet show huge variation at different domains resulting in a variety of functions. Myosins are molecules driving various kinds of cellular processes and motility until the level of organisms.

Dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole in soils of sugarcane ecosystem.

Dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole was studied in sandy loam soils of sugarcane ecosystem by adopting a rapid analytical method. The recovery of chlorantraniliprole was 91.67 % when extracted with ethyl acetate as against only 65.

Molecular characterization of Indian sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolate.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), a member of the genus Poacevirus, family Potyviridae, is an important viral pathogen affecting sugarcane cultivation in India. The complete nucleotide sequence of a SCSMV isolate from India (SCSMV-IND) was determined. The linear, assembled, single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of SCSMV-IND was 9,786 nucleotides in length (excluding the poly (A) tail) and encoded a polyprotein of 3,131 amino acid residues.

Duganella sacchari sp. nov. and Duganella radicis sp. nov., two novel species isolated from rhizosphere of field-grown sugar cane.

Two strains, designated Sac-22(T) and Sac-41(T), were isolated from rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane of field-grown sugar cane clone Co86032. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed a clear affiliation of these two bacteria with the class Betaproteobacteria, their closest relatives being Pseudoduganella violaceinigra and Duganella zoogloeoides with 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarities of 96.4-97.

Genetic variability and potential recombination events in the HC-Pro gene of sugarcane streak mosaic virus.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, is an important viral pathogen affecting sugarcane production in India. The variability in the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of SCSMV isolates from India was investigated and compared with those of previously published virus isolates from different Asian countries. Comparison of all of the sequenced virus isolates revealed a high level of diversity in the HC-Pro gene (72-97% nt sequence identity; 83-99% aa sequence identity), and the Indian isolates were found to be the most divergent (up to 12% variation at the amino acid level).

Sugarcane proteomics: establishment of a protein extraction method for 2-DE in stalk tissues and initiation of sugarcane proteome reference map.

Sugarcane is an important commercial crop cultivated for its stalks and sugar is a prized commodity essential in human nutrition. Proteomics of sugarcane is in its infancy, especially when dealing with the stalk tissues, where there is no study to date. A systematic proteome analysis of stalk tissue yet remains to be investigated in sugarcane, wherein the stalk tissue is well known for its rigidity, fibrous nature, and the presence of oxidative enzymes, phenolic compounds and extreme levels of carbohydrates, thus making the protein extraction complicated.

Genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1Ab for shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus) resistance.

We evaluated the insecticidal toxicity of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins against neonate larvae of sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in vitro on diet surface. With the lowest LC(50) value, Cry1Ab emerged as the most effective among the three toxins. Sugarcane cultivars Co 86032 and CoJ 64 were transformed with cry1Ab gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter through particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems.