Dendrite injury triggers neuroprotection in Drosophila models of neurodegenerative disease.

Dendrite defects and loss are early cellular alterations observed across neurodegenerative diseases that play a role in early disease pathogenesis. Dendrite degeneration can be modeled by expressing pathogenic polyglutamine disease transgenes in Drosophila neurons in vivo. Here, we show that we can protect against dendrite loss in neurons modeling neurodegenerative polyglutamine diseases through injury to a single primary dendrite branch.

Topical Antioxidant Cocoa Polyphenol Skin Penetration.

Background: Cocoa powder derived from the Theobroma cacao plant is rich in polyphenols, such as catechin and epicatechin. These polyphenols are strong antioxidants when consumed orally; however, their ability to enter the stratum corneum following the topical application has never been demonstrated.

Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the deposition of catechin and epicatechin in the stratum corneum following the topical application of 6% aqueous cocoa powder 1 and 2 h after application.

Shear-Sensing by C-Reactive Protein: Linking Aortic Stenosis and Inflammation.

Background: CRP (C-reactive protein) is a prototypical acute phase reactant. Upon dissociation of the pentameric isoform (pCRP [pentameric CRP]) into its monomeric subunits (mCRP [monomeric CRP]), it exhibits prothrombotic and proinflammatory activity. Pathophysiological shear rates as observed in aortic valve stenosis (AS) can influence protein conformation and function as observed with vWF (von Willebrand factor).

Age, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Health Care Utilization.

Objectives: To assess whether the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with pediatric health care utilization differs by age.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients completing primary care ACEs screening between January 2020 and September 2021. Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Events Screener Part 1 scores were categorized 0, 1 to 3, or ≥4 (none, low, and high, respectively).

In vivo micronucleus assay on sodium molybdate in rats and its impact on the overall assessment of the genotoxicity of molybdenum substances.

In this paper we present methodological and experimental details and results from an OECD Test Guideline 474 and GLP-compliant in vivo micronucleus study on sodium molybdate dihydrate in Sprague Dawley rats. Prior to the conduct of this study, there was a data-gap for reliable in vivo genotoxicity data for molybdenum substances. The presentation of the new study is complemented by a review of other available in vitro and in vivo data on the genotoxicity of molybdenum substances, focussing on substances where the contained or released molybdate ion, MoO, is considered the responsible moiety for any toxicological effect (grouping/category approach).

Steering research on mRNA splicing in cancer towards clinical translation.

Splicing factors are affected by recurrent somatic mutations and copy number variations in several types of haematologic and solid malignancies, which is often seen as prima facie evidence that splicing aberrations can drive cancer initiation and progression. However, numerous spliceosome components also 'moonlight' in DNA repair and other cellular processes, making their precise role in cancer difficult to pinpoint. Still, few would deny that dysregulated mRNA splicing is a pervasive feature of most cancers.

Facilitating effects of plant extracts on soil health and replanted Panax ginseng growth in recession soil.

Background: Plant extracts have been shown to be effective agricultural strategies for improving soil fertility and quality, and promoting plant growth in soil degradation remediation. The application of plant extracts improves the material cycle of soil microecology, such as the decomposition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while increasing plant resistance. However, there is currently no experiment to demonstrate whether plant extracts have a promoting effect on the growth of ginseng and the mechanism of action.

Health risks associated with urinary incontinence among older Korean Americans living in subsidized senior housing.

Objectives: We examined the association of urinary incontinence (UI) with physical, mental, and social health among older Korean Americans living in subsidized senior housing.

Design: Data were obtained from surveys conducted in 2023 with older Korean Americans residing in subsidized senior housing in the Los Angeles area ( = 313). UI was measured using a question about the frequency of involuntary urine loss.

Establishing the Foundations of Emotional Intelligence in Care Companion Robots to Mitigate Agitation Among High-Risk Patients With Dementia: Protocol for an Empathetic Patient-Robot Interaction Study.

Background: An estimated 6.7 million persons are living with dementia in the United States, a number expected to double by 2060. Persons experiencing moderate to severe dementia are 4 to 5 times more likely to fall than those without dementia, due to agitation and unsteady gait.

Pain Disparities Attributed to Linguistic Minoritization in Health Care Settings.

There is a paucity of understanding about how language influences pain communication and outcomes for families who speak languages other than English in the United States. This is of great importance because 21.6% (68 million) of the population speak a language other than English, with 8% (25 million) of the population speaking English "less than very well.

The University of Iowa Neuroendocrine Tumor Clinic.

The Iowa Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Clinic was founded and developed by two remarkable physicians, Thomas and Sue O'Dorisio. Tom was an Endocrinologist and close friend and colleague of Aaron Vinik. Both men were pioneers in studies of gastrointestinal hormones and the management of patients with NETs.

PKC-mediated phosphorylation governs the stability and function of CELF1 as a driver of EMT in breast epithelial cells.

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be a principal factor contributing to cancer metastasis. The post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms underlying EMT are comparatively underexplored. We previously demonstrated that the CELF1 RNA binding protein is necessary and sufficient to drive the EMT of breast epithelial cells, and that the relative protein expression of CELF1 in this context was dictated at the post-translational level.

Role of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1, a tRNA-Derived RNA Fragment-Bound Protein, in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) across all demographics, with increasing mortality and morbidity among high-risk groups such as infants under two years old, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although newly approved vaccines and treatments have substantially reduced RSV hospitalizations, accessibility remains limited, and response to treatment varies. This underscores the importance of comprehensive studies on host-RSV interactions.

Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Artificial Soil Prepared Using Red Mud and Phosphogypsum.

The preparation of artificial soil is a potential cooperative resource utilization scheme for red mud and phosphogypsum on a large scale, with a low cost and simple operation. The characteristics of the bacterial community structure and function in three artificial soils were systematically studied for the first time. Relatively rich bacterial communities were formed in the artificial soils, with relatively high abundances of bacterial phyla (e.

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Learned Clinical Skills in Pediatric Medicine Residents and Nurse Practitioner Students: A Pre-Post Design.

(1) Background/Objective: California has one of the highest rates of pediatric dental caries in the nation. One way to combat this problem is through non-dental provider training programs that focus on prevention. However, there are limited data on healthcare provider training program integration and evaluation of oral health curricula focused on prevention of early childhood caries.

Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease integrated staging system performance in PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK baseline cohorts.

The Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease (NSD) biological definition and Integrated Staging System (NSD-ISS) provide a research framework to identify individuals with Lewy body pathology and stage them based on underlying biology and increasing degree of functional impairment. Utilizing data from the PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK studies, we developed and applied biologic and clinical data-informed definitions for the NSD-ISS across the disease continuum. Individuals enrolled as Parkinson's disease, Prodromal, or Healthy Controls were defined and staged based on biological, clinical, and functional anchors at baseline.