Gender differences in central obesity: Implications for cardiometabolic health in South Asians.

This study estimates the prevalence of central obesity in South Asian adults and examines gender differences in central obesity across cardiometabolic determinants. An urban community-based survey was conducted using multi-stage random sampling. Asia-Pacific criterion for waist circumference (WC) was used to measure central obesity.

Prevalence and RIsk factors for Silent Myocardial ischemia (PRISM): A clinico observational study in patients of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and to identify potential risk factors of silent myocardial ischemia in a cohort of patients with asymptomatic type 2 Diabetes (diabetes) for early detection of coronary risk by employing objective noninvasive clinical screening tools for Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

Methods: The study is a clinic-based observational study on 338 consecutive diabetes patients attending an urban health center from Eastern India. The response rate was 96.

Subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of a clinico-observational study.

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant modifiable complication in patients with diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis is considered a surrogate marker of future vascular events. The clustering of cardiometabolic-risk factors in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is increasingly being recognised. Recent evidence indicates that 20-50% of asymptomatic patients with diabetes may have silent coronary heart disease.

Effect of obesity on cardiometabolic risk factors in Asian Indians.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative sample of urban population in Eastern India.

Materials And Methods: A population-based survey was conducted among a randomly selected study population aged 20-80 years in an urban population of Berhampur city of Eastern India. Both anthropometric and biochemical information were collected, in addition to detailed information on classical cardiometabolic risk factors.

Appropriate anthropometric indices to identify cardiometabolic risk in South Asians.

Background: South Asians show an elevated cardiometabolic risk compared to Caucasians. They are clinically metabolically obese but are considered normal weight based on current international cut-off levels of several anthropometric indices. This study has two main objectives: (i) to predict the most sensitive anthropometric measures for commonly studied cardiometabolic risk factors, and (ii) to determine optimal cut-off levels of each of the anthropometric indices in relation to these cardiometabolic risk factors in South Asians.

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Asian Indians: a community survey from urban eastern India.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to identify risk factors for the same specific to an underdeveloped urban locale of Eastern India.

Methods: Study design. Population based cross-sectional study, with multistage random sampling technique.

Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians: A community study from urban Eastern India.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to identify predictors for the same, specific to an underdeveloped urban locale of Eastern India.

Study Design: Population-based cross-sectional study, with multistage random sampling technique.

Setting: Urban city-dwellers in Orissa one of the poorest states of Eastern India bordering a prosperous state of Andhra Pradesh of Southern India.

Prevalence and predictors of adult hypertension in an urban eastern Indian population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and to identify predictors of adult hypertension specifically in an underdeveloped urban region of eastern India.

Study Design: Population-based cross-sectional study, with multi-stage random sampling technique.

Settings: A main urban city located in South Orissa in eastern India.

Abdominal obesity, an independent cardiovascular risk factor in Indian subcontinent: A clinico epidemiological evidence summary.

Evidence is emerging that obesity-associated cardiovascular disorders (CVD) show variations across regions and ethnicities. However, it is unclear if there are distinctive patterns of abdominal obesity contributing to an increased CVD risk in South Asians. Also, potential underlying mechanistic pathways of such unique patterns are not comprehensively reported in South Asians.

Childhood cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: A cause of concern for adult cardiovascular disease epidemic.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children are increasing at an alarming rate in the western world. However, there is limited information regarding these in the South Asian children. This review attempts at summarizing such evidence.

Smoking and cardiovascular health: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control of tobacco.

The causal associations between cigarette smoking and human diseases are irrefutable. In this review, we focus on the epidemiological pattern of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular risk, the underlying mechanistic process of such a causal link, how to prevent premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality particularly through smoking cessation, and the health benefits of such cessation measures. Finally, we conclude our review summarizing a few of the proven evidence-based tobacco control strategies and policies from across the globe.

Physical inactivity: a cardiovascular risk factor.

Evidence regarding health benefits of physical activity is overwhelming and plays a critical role in both the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological investigations show approximately half the incidence of CAD in active compared to sedentary persons. A sedentary lifestyle is considered by various national and international organizations to be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.