A wearable gait lab powered by sensor-driven digital twins for quantitative biomechanical analysis post-stroke.

Commonly, quantitative gait analysis post-stroke is performed in fully equipped laboratories housing costly technologies for quantitative evaluation of a patient's movement capacity. Combining such technologies with an electromyography (EMG)-driven musculoskeletal model can estimate muscle force properties non-invasively, offering clinicians insights into motor impairment mechanisms. However, lab-constrained areas and time-demanding sensor setup and data processing limit the practicality of these technologies in routine clinical care.

Neuroprotective role of CHCHD2 in Parkinson's disease: Insights into the GPX4-related ferroptosis pathway.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, characterized by pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective interventions to slow down the progression of PD. The mitochondrial protein coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2), which is implicated in neurodegeneration and serves as a biomarker for PD, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, but the potential molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive.

A Rapid Cognitive and Motor Decline: A Case of Misdiagnosed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to rapid cognitive decline, dementia, and neurological deterioration. CJD has several forms, including sporadic CJD (sCJD), which accounts for most cases, and variant CJD (vCJD), linked to exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease). The disease is caused by abnormal prion proteins, which damage the brain and lead to death.

Purkinje cell ablation and Purkinje cell-specific deletion of Tsc1 in the developing cerebellum strengthen cerebellothalamic synapses.

Cerebellar damage early in life often causes long-lasting motor, social and cognitive impairments, suggesting the roles of the cerebellum in developing a broad spectrum of behaviours. This recent finding has promoted research on how cerebellar damage affects the development of the cerebral cortex, the brain region responsible for higher-order control of all behaviours. However, the cerebral cortex is not directly connected to the cerebellum.

Apraxia: From Neuroanatomical Pathways to Clinical Manifestations.

Purpose Of Review: Apraxia typically involves impairments in gesture production and tool use, affecting daily life activities. This article reviews current conceptualizations and developments in diagnostic and therapy.

Recent Findings: Apraxia has been studied in various neurological conditions, particularly stroke and dementia, but recent studies show gesturing deficits in psychiatric populations as well.

Effects of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain functional mechanisms: a synchronized study using fNIRS and sEMG.

Background: Robot-assisted hand function therapy is pivotal in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke; however, its therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. Currently, research examining the impact of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain function in patients with stroke is scarce, and there is a lack of studies investigating the correlation between muscle activity and alterations in brain function.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between forearm muscle movement and brain functional activation by employing the synchronized use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography methods.

Crossed Wernicke's Aphasia With Focal Clonic Cluster Seizures With Secondary Generalization Mimicking Faciobrachial Seizures Following a Right Middle-Cerebral-Artery Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Phenotypic Presentation.

Crossed Wernicke's aphasia (CWA) following a stroke is a rare clinical phenomenon, particularly when associated with seizures. This case report presents a unique instance of crossed CWA accompanied by focal clonic cluster seizures affecting the left arm and face, with secondary generalization, in a monolingual Bengali-speaking patient following a right middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. The patient, a 70-year-old male from rural India, presented with acute behavioral abnormalities and language impairment.

Characteristics of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in patients with acute cerebellar stroke and its impact on outcome.

Purpose: To evaluate the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale (CCAS-S) in patients with acute cerebellar stroke (ACS) and examine its relationship with the discharge destination.

Methods: Patients with first-time ACS admitted to our hospital between April 2021 and April 2023 were included. The CCAS-S, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) were evaluated 1 week after stroke onset, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)/Barthel Index (BI) at discharge, duration of hospitalization, and discharge destination were evaluated.

Action observation therapy impact on mirror neurons combined with acupuncture for upper limb motor impairment rehabilitation in stroke patients.

Objective: Upper limb (UL) dysfunction rehabilitation in stroke patients is complicated in the clinic. Action observation therapy's (AOT) impact on mirror neurons (MNs) has been observed and made applications in related brain disease treatment. Acupuncture mentioned in the present study mainly stimulates peripheral nerves for neuronal plasticity.

How the Somatosensory System Adapts to the Motor Change in Stroke: A Hemispheric Shift?

Previous studies found that post-stroke motor impairments are associated with damage to the lesioned corticospinal tract and a maladaptive increase in indirect contralesional motor pathways. How the somatosensory system adapts to the change in the use of motor pathways and the role of adaptive sensory feedback to the abnormal movement control of the paretic arm remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that following a unilateral stroke, there is an adaptive hemispheric shift of somatosensory processing toward the contralesional sensorimotor areas to provide sensory feedback support to the contralesional indirect motor pathways.

Body ownership alterations in stroke emerge from reduced proprioceptive precision and damage to the frontoparietal network.

Background: Stroke patients often experience alterations in their subjective feeling of ownership for the affected limb, which can hinder motor function and interfere with rehabilitation. In this study, we aimed at disentangling the complex relationship between sensory impairment, body ownership (BO), and motor control in stroke patients.

Methods: We recruited 20 stroke patients with unilateral upper limb sensory deficits and 35 age-matched controls.

Minimally Invasive Syringe-Injectable Hydrogel with Angiogenic Factors for Ischemic Stroke Treatment.

Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for most stroke incidents and causes intractable damage to brain tissue. This condition manifests as diverse aftereffects, such as motor impairment, emotional disturbances, and dementia. However, a fundamental approach to curing IS remains unclear.

Effectiveness of Robotic Devices for Medical Rehabilitation: An Umbrella Review.

Clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of rehabilitation robotics for various pathological conditions, but the overall impact on rehabilitation practice remains unclear. We comprehensively examined and analyzed systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating rehabilitative interventions with robotic devices. Four databases were searched using term combinations of keywords related to robotic devices, rehabilitation, and SRs.

Sensor-Acquired Reachable Workspace (RWS) Correlates with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Function in Stroke as Measured by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Self-Care.

Optimal upper extremity motor control and range of motion are necessary to achieve even the basic activities of daily living (ADL) function. Stroke, with resulting hemiparesis, can significantly and negatively impact an individual's ADL function. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) self-care score can provide an assessment of what aspects and to what degree ADL functions are impaired.