7,119 results match your criteria: "Stroke Motor Impairment"

Background: This research aims to improve the control of assistive devices for individuals with hemiparesis after stroke by providing intuitive and proportional motor control. Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States, with 80% of stroke-related disability coming in the form of hemiparesis, presented as weakness or paresis on half of the body. Current assistive exoskeletonscontrolled via electromyography do not allow for fine force regulation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Encouraging arm use in stroke survivors: the impact of smart reminders during a home-based intervention.

J Neuroeng Rehabil

December 2024

Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: Upper limb impairment post-stroke often leads to a predominant use of the less affected arm and consequent learned disuse of the affected side, hindering upper limb outcome. Wearable sensors such as accelerometers, combined with smart reminders (i.e.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Upper extremity function and disability recovery with vibration therapy after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

J Neuroeng Rehabil

December 2024

National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 8, Xuefu W. Rd., Huwei Township, Yunlin County, 63247, Taiwan (R.O.C.).

Background: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of vibration therapy for improving upper extremity motor impairment, function, and disability recovery in people with stroke.

Design: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to May 31, 2024.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Compensatory movements frequently emerge in the process of motor recovery after a stroke. Given their potential for unfavorable long-term effects, it is crucial to assess and document compensatory movements throughout rehabilitation. However, clinically applicable assessment tools are currently limited.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Connectome-based prediction of functional impairment in experimental stroke models.

PLoS One

December 2024

Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.

Experimental rat models of stroke and hemorrhage are important tools to investigate cerebrovascular disease pathophysiology mechanisms, yet how significant patterns of functional impairment induced in various models of stroke are related to changes in connectivity at the level of neuronal populations and mesoscopic parcellations of rat brains remain unresolved. To address this gap in knowledge, we employed two middle cerebral artery occlusion models and one intracerebral hemorrhage model with variant extent and location of neuronal dysfunction. Motor and spatial memory function was assessed and the level of hippocampal activation via Fos immunohistochemistry.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Acute cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and disability, particularly among old adults. The narrow therapeutic window and risk of hemorrhagic transformation largely limit patient eligibility for the current treatment. The neuroinflammatory signaling pathway involving the prostaglandin E2 (PGE) receptor subtype EP2 has now been clarified to contribute to the secondary neurotoxicity following ischemic stroke.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Identifying eloquent regions associated with poor outcomes based on CT perfusion (CTP) may help inform personalized decisions on selection for endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke. This study aimed to characterize the relationship between CTP-defined hypoperfusion and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) subitem deficits.

Methods: Patients with anterior circulation LVO, baseline CTP, itemized NIHSS at presentation and 24 hours were included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate if task-specific training (TST) preceded by bilateral upper limb motor priming (BUMP) reduces upper limb impairment more than TST preceded by control priming ([CP], sham electrical stimulation) in people with chronic stroke.

Methods: In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 76 adults with moderate to severe upper limb hemiparesis ≥6 months post-stroke were stratified by baseline impairment and randomized to receive either BUMP or CP prior to receiving the same TST protocol. Participants completed 30 h of treatment in 15 days over 6 weeks.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

: Patients with stroke usually have long-term residual gait disability. However, temporal changes in factors associated with gait independence in these patients at the time of hospital discharge have not been clarified. This study aimed to determine changes over time in factors associated with gait independence in patients with stroke at the time of hospital discharge.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Stroke is a serious condition often resulting in mortality or long-term disability, causing cognitive, memory, and motor impairments. A reduction in cerebral blood flow below critical levels defines the ischemic core and penumbra: the core undergoes irreversible damage, while the penumbra remains viable but functionally impaired. This functional impairment activates complex cell signaling pathways that determine cell survival or death, making the penumbra a key target for therapeutic interventions to prevent further damage.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Robot-assisted gait training in stroke.

Turk J Phys Med Rehabil

September 2024

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye.

Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Most of the patients cannot regain their walking ability after a stroke. Impaired gait and mobility negatively affect the activities of daily living and quality of life of stroke survivors.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Acute brainstem infarction is associated with high morbidity and mortality, the integrity of corticospinal tract (CST) detected via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can assist in predicting the motor recovery of the patients. In addition to the damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion, sterile inflammation also contributes to the brain injury after stroke. However, the changes in CST integrity detected by DTI in acute brainstem infarction have yet to be fully elucidated, and it is still unclear whether sterile inflammation can cause damage to the CST.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation therapy improved motor status compared to rehabilitation alone in the phase III VNS-REHAB stroke trial, but treatment response was variable and not associated with any clinical measures acquired at baseline, such as age or side of paresis. We hypothesized that neuroimaging measures would be associated with treatment-related gains, examining performance of regional injury measures versus global brain health measures in parallel with clinical measures.

Methods: Baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in the VNS-REHAB trial were used to derive regional injury measures (extent of injury to corticospinal tract, the primary regional measure; plus extent of injury to precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus; lesion volume; and lesion topography) and global brain health measures (degree of white matter hyperintensities, the primary global brain measure; plus volumes of cerebrospinal fluid, cortical gray matter, white matter, each thalamus, and total brain).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: One aspect that is often impaired in people living with stroke is the motor function of the upper limb.

Purpose: To explore the reasons behind the low focus on upper limb rehabilitation after stroke and to understand the views of rehabilitation professionals (RPs) on the use of upper limb rehabilitation technologies for self-management of stroke.

Study Design: A qualitative descriptive design that employs a one-on-one semistructured interview method.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The ability to regulate finger forces is critical for manipulating objects during everyday tasks but is impaired after damage to white matter tracts that transmit motor commands into the spinal cord. This study examines cortico-spinal connectivity required for force control by the digits after neurological injury. We report on a unique case of a stroke survivor who retained the ability to control finger forces at a level comparable to neurologically intact adults despite extensive loss of white matter volume and severely compromised transmission from cortical motor areas onto the final common pathway.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To determine the effects of guitar lessons (intervention group) in comparison to conventional occupational therapy (OT) sessions (control group) on hand function of chronic stroke patients with unilateral hand impairment.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 34 chronic stroke patients with unilateral hand impairment. Participants were grouped randomly into intervention (guitar lessons) and control (conventional occupational therapy) groups.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Stroke is a major neurovascular disorder that leads to high rates of death and disability, necessitating interventions like thrombectomy and tPA to restore blood flow, but these methods often do not help patients regain lost functions.
  • Recent advancements in treatment have introduced the use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) for stroke rehabilitation and monitoring, leveraging their ability to influence immune responses and cell signaling.
  • This review examines the principles and mechanisms of various therapeutic EMFs, highlights their applications in research and clinical settings, discusses related side effects, and acknowledges the technical and ethical challenges tied to their use, while also considering future opportunities in stroke care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The efficacy of lower limb orthoses on quality of life, well-being, and participation following stroke: A systematic review.

Prosthet Orthot Int

December 2024

National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Curran Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Stroke is the main cause of acquired adult disability globally, with motor impairment affecting 80% of people after stroke. To regain mobility, diminish falls, and improve quality of life (QoL), after a stroke, orthoses are recommended. Most studies, to date, have focused on the positive impact of ankle-foot orthoses on spatial-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: This study was to investigate alterations in contractile properties of the ankle plantar- and dorsiflexors in post-stroke individuals. The correlation between muscle architecture parameters and contractile properties was also evaluated.

Methods: Eight post-stroke individuals and eight age-matched healthy subjects participated in the study.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bloodletting at the ear apex for acute stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Medicine (Baltimore)

December 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University WISE Campus, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite innovative developments in acute stroke treatment techniques in modern society, many stroke survivors still experience complications, leading to a demand for complementary and alternative medicines, including traditional medicine. Bloodletting at the ear apex (BLEA) is a nonpharmacological intervention used for various diseases, including acute stroke, in traditional medicine in East Asian countries, including China and Korea.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Motor impairments are common after childhood arterial ischemic stroke (C-AIS), affecting the understanding of how these impairments relate to intellectual abilities in children.
  • A study of 34 children with C-AIS found that motor functioning in early recovery significantly correlates with various intellectual skills, including verbal and perceptual reasoning abilities.
  • The results suggest that early motor deficits may influence intellectual development due to neuroplastic changes after injury, while motor functions assessed closer to testing reflect recovery and improvement potentially aided by interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Studying turn performance, trunk control, and mobility in acute stroke subjects: a cross-sectional study.

PeerJ

December 2024

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Background: Stroke leads to various impairments like motor deficits, impaired trunk control and restricted mobility. However, rehabilitation professionals often underestimate the fundamental function of turning, which is essential for daily living activities like walking, cooking, or performing household chores. Impaired turning can be attributed to motor deficits post-stroke, resulting in restricted mobility and impaired trunk movement.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on arm function and daily living compared with conventional rehabilitation in stroke patients with hemiplegia. We searched three international electronic databases-MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library-for relevant studies. The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane's Risk of Bias version 1.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Gangliocapsular stroke is a specific type of hemorrhagic stroke that primarily affects the basal ganglia and internal capsule due to rupture of the lenticulostriate perforating arteries. Patients afflicted with this condition often present with contralateral motor deficits, particularly affecting the upper extremity. Additionally, these individuals may experience challenges in coordination and stability, largely due to the involvement of the shoulder and scapular girdle.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: We investigated the therapeutic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with routine physiotherapy on the neurological and upper limb motor function in ischemic stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods: In a Randomized double-blind controlled trial study, 52 eligible stroke patients were assigned to real tDCS receiving bihemispheric electrical current with 1.5 mA for 30 minutes over the primary motor cortex, and sham tDCS with a current intensity of 0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF