DEK::AFF2 Fusion Sinonasal and Skull Base Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical Outcome Study Compared With Conventional Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

DEK::AFF2 fusion nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is an emerging entity in the sinonasal tract, temporal bone, and skull base. However, the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been well studied. Here, we report the largest cohort of DEK::AFF2 carcinomas to determine if morphology, mitotic rate, and/or Ki-67 IHC are associated with patient outcomes, including a comparison with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and independent patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020.

Background: While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.

Aim: To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.

Methods: Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States.

Impact of syndemic heavy drinking, smoking, and depression on mortality among MSM with and without HIV: A longitudinal study.

Background: Heavy drinking, smoking, and depression are common among men who have sex with men (MSM). The association of co-occurring longitudinal patterns of these conditions and mortality among MSM were tested, applying a syndemic framework - the interaction of two or more conditions that contribute to poor health outcomes.

Methods: Longitudinal data from 1999 to 2018 from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study of 3046 MSM were analyzed.

EXPOSURE EFFECTS ON COUNT OUTCOMES WITH OBSERVATIONAL DATA, WITH APPLICATION TO INCARCERATED WOMEN.

Causal inference methods can be applied to estimate the effect of a point exposure or treatment on an outcome of interest using data from observational studies. For example, in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, it is of interest to understand the effects of incarceration on the number of sexual partners and the number of cigarettes smoked after incarceration. In settings like this where the outcome is a count, the estimand is often the causal mean ratio, i.

The burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease in the middle east and North Africa (MENA) region over three decades.

Background: Cirrhosis comprises a significant health challenge in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region impacting healthcare systems and communities. This study sought to investigate trends in the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease, different etiologies, deaths, and the disability burden utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database.

Methods: Analyzing epidemiological trends from 1990 to 2021 across 21 MENA countries, this research utilized data on age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to evaluate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease.

"They're not feeling the love they need to feel": HIV stigma and other intersecting stigmas among Black gay and bisexual men and transgender women in House and Ball Communities.

Introduction: Stigma negatively influences engagement in HIV prevention and care. This study explores how young Black gay and bisexual men and transgender women (GBT) in the House and Ball Community (HBC) experience HIV and other intersecting stigmas.

Method: We conducted phenomenological analysis of interviews with 60 young Black GBT HBC members and 30 older leaders of the HBC.

Association Between Social Vulnerability and Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States Counties.

Background And Aims: Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer mortality between individuals in the US. Their effects on count-level mortality rates remain uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between county social vulnerability and GI cancer mortality.

The impact of liver cirrhosis on in-hospital outcomes among patients hospitalized for cardiogenic shock: A propensity score matched retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiogenic shock poses a critical challenge characterized by diminished cardiac output and organ perfusion. Timely recognition and risk stratification are essential for effective intervention. Liver cirrhosis adds complexity due to its diverse systemic manifestations.

Theory and quantitative assessment of pH-responsive polyzwitterion-polyelectrolyte complexation.

We introduce a theoretical framework to describe the pH-sensitive phase behavior of polyzwitterion-polyelectrolyte complex coacervates that reasonably captures the phenomenon from recent experimental observations. The polyzwitterion is described by a combinatorial sequence of the four states in which each zwitterionic monomer can occupy: dipolar, quasi-cationic, quasi-anionic, and fully neutralized. We explore the effects of various modifiable chemical and physical properties of the polymers-such as, p of the pH-active charged group on the zwitterion, equilibrium constant of salt condensation on the permanently charged group on the zwitterion, degrees of polymerization, hydrophobicity ( the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter), and dipole lengths-on the window of complexation across many stoichiometric mixing ratios of polyzwitterion and polyelectrolyte.

Perspectives and Factors Related to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Role of History of PrEP Use.

This study quantitatively examined factors related to young men who have sex with men (YMSM)'s decisions to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by their history of PrEP use and qualitatively elicited their perspectives on PrEP options. Higher proportions of YMSM who had never used (vs. ever used) PrEP considered the following factors as important in their decisions to use PrEP: (a) Returning to PrEP follow-up visits ( p = .

Comparison of in-hospital outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with cardiogenic shock receiving left ventricular mechanical circulatory support devices based on transfer status.

Background: We aimed to compare outcomes in patients who receive on-site left ventricular mechanical support versus those transferred to other facilities for mechanical support in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with cardiogenic shock.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from the 2016 to 2020 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. We identified patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock who received Impella and LVAD placement during their hospital stay.

Preparations of Students for Enrollment in Medical Schools.

Improving medical education is an important process that changes from time to time based on the development of medical science and practice, society's need for a certain number of quality doctors, better preparations, and better selection of candidates for admission into medical schools. In most European countries, partial preparation of students for admission is done in secondary schools, and additional preparation is achieved in the first year of medical school. Such preparations enabled more than 60% of students to complete their studies, before the German Federal Ministry of Science and Education implemented the .