Nutritional stress in larvae induces adaptive responses that transcend generations in males of a model insect.

The ability of organisms to cope with poor quality nutrition is essential for their persistence. For species with a short generation time, the nutritional environments can transcend generations, making it beneficial for adults to prime their offspring to particular diets. However, our understanding of adaptive generational responses, including those to diet quality, are still very limited.

Recent life events and adverse childhood experiences in predicting antenatal depression and anxiety: cross-sectional study.

Background: Antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with preterm labour, low birth weight, and postpartum depression, and can impact the emotional and mental development of the child. Both adverse childhood experiences and recent stressful events are linked to negative health outcomes. However, certain events may be more impactful than others.

Tubulin Acetylation Enhances Microtubule Stability in Trabecular Meshwork Cells Under Mechanical Stress.

Purpose: To study the roles of tubulin acetylation and cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and their impact on outflow pathway physiology and pathology.

Methods: Primary TM cell cultures were subjected to CMS (8% elongation, 24 hours), and acetylated α-tubulin at lysine 40 (Ac-TUBA4) was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Enzymes regulating tubulin acetylation were identified via siRNA-mediated knockdowns of ATAT1, HDAC6, and SIRT2.

Hawthorn carbon dots: a novel therapeutic agent for modulating body weight and hepatic lipid profiles in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Obesity, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive body weight and adipose tissue accumulation, is intricately linked to a spectrum of health complications. It is driven by a confluence of factors, including gut microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are pivotal in its pathogenesis. A multifaceted therapeutic strategy that targets these interrelated pathways is essential for effective obesity management.

Multiple physiological response analyses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to silver nanoparticles, ciprofloxacin, and their combination.

The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) can be considered an alternative to combat multidrug-resistant microbial infections. However, knowledge about their combined toxicity is scarce after being released in an aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the individual toxicity of AgNPs and CIP and their combined toxicity on the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris, evaluating cellular responses and conducting metabolomic analysis.

Complex p53 dynamics regulated by miR-125b in cellular responses to reactive oxidative stress and DNA damage.

In response to distinct cellular stresses, the p53 exhibits distinct dynamics. These p53 dynamics subsequently control cell fate. However, different stresses can generate the same p53 dynamics with different cell fate outcomes, suggesting that the integration of dynamic information from other pathways is important for cell fate regulation.

Investigating amygdala nuclei volumes in military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and adjustment disorder: A retrospective cross-sectional study using clinical routine data.

Background: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and Adjustment Disorder (AdjD) are highly prevalent among military personnel, often presenting diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms and reliance on self-reporting. The amygdala, particularly the basolateral complex involved in fear-related memory formation and extinction recall, plays a crucial role in emotional processing. Abnormalities in these amygdala nuclei are implicated in PTSD and may distinguish it from other disorders like MDD and AdjD, where these mechanisms are less central.

Mechanical feedback links cell division and dynamics in growing cell collectives.

Local stresses in a tissue, a collective property, regulate cell division and apoptosis. In turn, cell growth and division induce active stresses in the tissue. As a consequence, there is a feedback between cell growth and local stresses.

Perceived stress across population segments characterized by differing stressor profiles-A latent class analysis.

Objective: We aimed to 1) identify distinct segments within the general population characterized by various combinations of stressors (stressor profiles) and to 2) examine the socio-demographic composition of these segments and their associations with perceived stress levels.

Methods: Segmentation was carried out by latent class analysis of nine self-reported stressors in a representative sample of Danish adults (N = 32,417) aged 16+ years. Perceived stress level was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Educational Level Modifies the Relationship between Standard Deviation of NN Intervals and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Development over Two-years.

Objective: This study investigated how educational levels modify the relationship between the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) of heart rate variability and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: Participants with physical injuries were enrolled from a trauma center and monitored over two years. Initial assessments included SDNN and educational attainment, along with socio-demographic and clinical variables.

Brivaracitam Ameliorates Increased Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ischemic Mice.

Objective: Cerebral ischemia is a medical condition that occurs due to poor supply of blood in the brain. Reperfusion being savage further exaggerates the tissue injury causing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/R). CI/R is marked by an impairment in release of neurotransmitter, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis.

Effects of Epothilone D on Social Defeat Stress-induced Changes in Microtubule-related and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protein Expression.

Objective: Epothilone D (EpoD), microtubule (MT) stabilizing agent, demonstrated promising results in the animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The present study sought to investigate preventive effects of EpoD on altered changes of MT related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins induced by social defeat stress (SDS).

Methods: We measured protein expression levels of α-tubulin and its post-translational modifications, MT-associated protein 2, stathmin1 and 2 with their phosphorylated forms, and ER stress markers, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) of C57BL/6J strain mice treated with EpoD (2 mg/kg) or its vehicle, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and exposed to SDS.

Efficacy of Virtual Reality Program for Mental Health Promotion in Pregnant Women.

Objective: Recently, various mental health promotion programs using virtual reality (VR) technology have been tried in the psychiatric field. Considering the importance of mental health in pregnant women, VR-assisted mental health promotion programs for pregnant women are needed to be developed. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the efficacy of a VR-assisted mental health promotion program for pregnant women.

Psychological distress in adolescence and later economic and health outcomes in the United States population: A retrospective and modeling study.

Background: Federal policy impact analyses in the United States do not incorporate the potential economic benefits of adolescent mental health policies. Understanding the extent to which economic benefits may offset policy costs would support more effective policymaking. This study estimates the relationship between adolescent psychological distress and later health and economic outcomes and uses these estimates to determine the potential economic effects of a hypothetical policy.

Humeral Shaft Stress Fracture Completion in a Weight Lifter: A Case Report.

Case: A 34-year-old man, amateur weight lifter presented with acute worsening of right shoulder pain after 5 months of prodromal, progressive, atraumatic pain. Imaging showed a short oblique proximal third humeral shaft fracture without evidence of other osseous abnormalities. He was treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation, healed uneventfully, and returned to weight lifting within 3 months.

Reviewing the path to balance: mechanisms and management of hypertension associated with targeting vascular endothelium in cancer therapy.

Contemporary anticancer drugs are often accompanied by varying degrees of cardiovascular toxicity, with hypertension emerging as one of the most prevalent side effects, particularly linked to inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hypertension induced by cancer therapies contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in cancer patients and survivors. Given the shared common risk factors and overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms, hypertension is also a prevalent comorbidity in this patient population.

Exploring mental health symptoms in elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis on sex differences.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected elite athletes, leading to increased mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Sex differences in mental health may exist among athletes during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine sex differences in mental health symptoms among elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Higher female partner age and longer duration of marriage: key factors for less frequent sexual intercourse in infertile couples.

Background Sexual intercourse frequency (SIF) is widely known to be associated with fertility, but little is known about what predicts SIF among infertile couples trying to conceive. In this study, we examine the demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with less frequent coitus among infertile couples. Methods This cross-sectional study examined infertile couples actively trying to conceive, selecting them from patients seeking fertility treatment.

Adaptive coping mechanisms use and associated factors among adult glaucoma patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, Northwest Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: Adaptive coping mechanisms (ACMs) are effective ways to cope with stress and anxiety in patients with chronic illnesses, such as glaucoma. This study aimed to assess the proportion of ACM and associated factors among adult glaucoma patients enrolled at the tertiary eye care and training centre in Northwest Ethiopia.

Design: An institution-based cross-sectional study.

Burnout in New Zealand resident doctors: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: Burnout syndrome, characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreased personal accomplishment, is well documented in the medical workforce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout in New Zealand resident doctors (doctors who have yet to complete their specialty training).

Design: Cross-sectional survey study of resident doctors in New Zealand.

Effectiveness of a virtual reality-based sensory stimulation intervention in preventing delirium in intensive care units: a randomised-controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Delirium is a common acute cognitive impairment characterised by confusion, disorientation and attention deficits, particularly prevalent in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Given its significant impact on patients, caregivers and healthcare resources, preventing delirium in patients in the ICU is of paramount importance. This is the first randomised-controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality-based sensory stimulation intervention on preventing delirium in ICU patients.

Short- and long-term effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on autonomic cardiovascular control and arm-crank exercise capacity in individuals with a spinal cord injury (STIMEX-SCI): study protocol.

Introduction: Individuals with higher neurological levels of spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above the sixth thoracic segment (≥T6), exhibit impaired resting cardiovascular control and responses during upper-body exercise. Over time, impaired cardiovascular control predisposes individuals to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and thus a greater risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) has been shown to modulate cardiovascular responses at rest in individuals with SCI, yet its effectiveness to enhance exercise performance acutely, or promote superior physiological adaptations to exercise following an intervention, in an adequately powered cohort is unknown.