Air pollution and hippocampal atrophy in first episode schizophrenia.

Air pollution has recently been linked to central nervous system (CNS) diseases, possibly mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Hippocampal atrophy in individuals with first episode schizophrenia (FES) has also been associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, whereas hippocampal atrophy was not observed in matched healthy controls with similar biomarker levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Fine particulate matter (PM2.

Convolutional Neural Network Detection of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis Using Standard Clinical Breast MRI.

Background: Axillary lymph node status is important for breast cancer staging and treatment planning as the majority of breast cancer metastasis spreads through the axillary lymph nodes. There is currently no reliable noninvasive imaging method to detect nodal metastasis associated with breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were those from the peak contrast dynamic image from 1.

Simulation Training for Critical Care Airway Management: Assessing Translation to Clinical Practice Using a Small Video-Recording Device.

Background: Critical care airway management (CCAM) is a key skill for critical care physicians. Simulation-based training (SBT) may be an effective modality in training intensivists in CCAM.

Research Question: Is SBT of critical care fellows an effective means of providing training in CCAM, in particular in urgent endotracheal intubation?

Study Design And Methods: Thirteen first-year pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows at an academic training program underwent SBT with a computerized patient simulator (CPS) in their first month of fellowship training.

A multicenter study to define the epidemiology and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in pediatric hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplant recipients.

Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to describe the incidence of CDI in children transplanted between January 2010 and June 2013. Nested case-control substudies, matched 1:1 by transplant type, institution, patient age, and time of year (quartile) of transplant, identified CDI risk factors.

Enzymatic-based cytometry, a sensitive single-cell cytometric method to assess BCR-ABL1 activity in CML.

We developed a simple, rapid and cost-effective enzymatic-based cytometry platform to measure intracellular signaling pathway activity. Our single-cell microwell array platform quantifies protein phosphorylation using enzymatic signal amplification and exploiting Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Our method provides a two-fold increase in resolution compared to conventional flow cytometry.

Use of a steerable microcatheter during superselective angiography: impact on radiation exposure and procedural efficiency.

Background/purpose: To study steerable microcatheter (SM) use in moderate and highly difficult vessel selection compared to conventional pre-shaped microcatheter (CM) use.

Material And Methods: An IRB approved, single institution analysis of 40 complex angiographic procedures with and without superselective microcatheter use during an eight-month period in 2017 was performed. Target vessels were deemed moderate or highly difficult to select based on vessel size, tortuosity, and/or angulation during non-selective initial angiography.

Development of Predictive Equations for Nocturnal Hypertension and Nondipping Systolic Blood Pressure.

Background Nocturnal hypertension, defined by a mean asleep systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥120/70 mm Hg, and nondipping SBP, defined by an awake-to-asleep decline in SBP <10%, are each associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results We developed predictive equations to identify adults with a high probability of having nocturnal hypertension or nondipping SBP using data from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study (n=787), JHS (Jackson Heart Study) (n=1063), IDH (Improving the Detection of Hypertension) study (n=395), and MHT (Masked Hypertension) study (n=772) who underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Participants were randomized to derivation (n=2511) or validation (n=506) data sets.

Training by the Numbers: A Survey-Based Analysis of the Number of Positions Available in New Interventional Radiology Training Pathways.

Objective: As of June 30, 2020, interventional radiology (IR) fellowships will cease to exist and will be replaced by the integrated IR, independent IR, and early specialization in IR (ESIR) pathways. The objective of this study is to determine the alignment in the number of available positions between the ESIR and independent IR pathways.

Methods: An analysis was performed of 150 residency programs offering at least 1 of the 3 IR training pathways.

Acute Kidney Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Neonates Born Less than 32 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born <32 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Study Design: Present study is a secondary analysis of premature infants born at <32 weeks of GA in the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort ( = 546). We stratified by gestational age and used logistic regression to determine association between AKI and moderate or severe BPD/mortality.

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on the Role of Neuromonitoring in Perioperative Outcomes: Electroencephalography.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring to indicate brain state during anesthesia has become widely available. It remains unclear whether EEG-guided anesthesia influences perioperative outcomes. The sixth Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI-6) brought together an international team of multidisciplinary experts from anesthesiology, biomedical engineering, neurology, and surgery to review the current literature and to develop consensus recommendations on the utility of EEG monitoring during anesthesia.

Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Poor Lung Outcomes in Infants Born ≥32 Weeks of Gestational Age.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and lung outcomes in infants born ≥32 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Study Design: Secondary analysis of infants ≥32 weeks of GA in the assessment of worldwide acute kidney injury epidemiology in neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort ( = 1,348). We used logistic regression to assess association between AKI and a composite outcome of chronic lung disease (CLD) or death at 28 days of age and linear regression to evaluate association between AKI and duration of respiratory support.

Out-of-Hospital 30-day Deaths After Cardiac Surgery Are Often Underreported.

Background: Operative mortality (in-hospital during the index admission or within 30 days of the procedure after discharge) is commonly used as a quality of care measure for public reporting of cardiac surgery outcomes, but the ability to capture out-of-hospital deaths accurately remains undetermined. The objective of the study was to estimate the impact of incomplete reporting of out-of-hospital deaths on hospital risk-adjusted mortality and outlier status.

Methods: New York State's 2014 to 2016 cardiac registry data were used to compare the capture of 30-day postprocedure deaths after discharge with and without the use of national and state-level vital statistics data for all 54,442 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft, cardiac valve surgery, or both.

Prevalence and Impact of Treatment Crossover in Cardiac Surgery Randomized Trials: A Meta-Epidemiologic Study.

Background Crossover dilutes treatment effect and reduces statistical power of intention-to-treat analysis. We examined incidence and impact on cardiac surgery randomized controlled trial (RCT) outcomes of crossover from experimental to control interventions, or vice versa. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched, and RCTs (≥100 patients) comparing ≥2 adult cardiac surgical interventions were included.

An omnidirectional visualization model of personalized gene regulatory networks.

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) have been widely used as a fundamental tool to reveal the genomic mechanisms that underlie the individual's response to environmental and developmental cues. Standard approaches infer GRNs as holistic graphs of gene co-expression, but such graphs cannot quantify how gene-gene interactions vary among individuals and how they alter structurally across spatiotemporal gradients. Here, we develop a general framework for inferring informative, dynamic, omnidirectional, and personalized networks (idopNetworks) from routine transcriptional experiments.

Effect of Native Type I Collagen with Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Antimicrobial on Wounds: Interim Registry Results.

Background: Biofilm can impair wound healing by maintaining an elevated, but ineffective, inflammatory state. This article describes interim results from the prospective RESPOND postmarketing registry evaluating the use of a native type 1, porcine collagen matrix with the embedded antimicrobial polyhexamethylene biguanide (PCMP) in the management of chronic wounds.

Methods: Adults ≥18 years of age with ≥1 appropriate wound were eligible for inclusion.

The Gypsy Endogenous Retrovirus Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Propagation in a Drosophila TDP-43 Model of Neurodegeneration.

A hallmark of neurodegenerative disease is focal onset of pathological protein aggregation, followed by progressive spread of pathology to connected brain regions. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pathology is often associated with aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Although aggregated TDP-43 protein moves between cells, it is not clear whether and how this movement propagates the degeneration.

Multiple Versus Single Arterial Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery for Multivessel Disease.

Background: Despite recent guideline statements, there is still wide practice variation in the use of multiple arterial grafts (MAGs) versus single arterial grafts (SAGs) for patients with multivessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This may be related to differences in findings between observational and randomized controlled studies.

Objectives: This study sought to compare intermediate-term MAG and SAG outcomes with enhanced matching to reduce selection bias.

MTA1-Dependent Anticancer Activity of Gnetin C in Prostate Cancer.

The overexpression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. We have reported the inhibition of MTA1 by resveratrol and its potent analog pterostilbene in vitro and in vivo. We have demonstrated that pterostilbene treatment blocks the progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma in mouse models by inhibiting MTA1 expression and signaling.

Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in adult patients: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to conduct comprehensive appraisal and synthesis of evidence on risk factors for hypertensive crisis and, specifically, hypertensive emergencies among adult patients with hypertension.

Introduction: Hypertensive crisis is the most extreme form of poorly controlled hypertension that may lead to acute target organ damage (hypertensive emergency). Hypertensive crisis is associated with increased mortality, high utilization of health care and escalated healthcare costs.

An international multicenter retrospective study to survey the landscape of thrombectomy in the treatment of anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: outcomes with respect to age.

Background: Thrombectomy is an efficacious treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, relatively few studies to date have specifically examined the impact and clinical implications of age on outcomes for thrombectomy in anterior AIS.

Objective: To provide a snapshot of patient metrics and outcomes with respect to age following thrombectomy for anterior AIS to supplement the current body of data for predictors of clinical outcomes in a real-world setting.