Overlooked Role of Photogenerated Holes in Persistent Free Radical Formation on Hematite.

Persistent free radicals (PFRs) have garnered considerable attention due to their long lifetime and high reactivity. However, the roles of photogenerated carriers in PFR formation remain underexplored. We compared and analyzed the PFR formation on hematite-SiO loaded catechol, combining experimental and theoretical investigations.

A global estimate of multiecosystem photosynthesis losses under microplastic pollution.

Understanding how ecosystems respond to ubiquitous microplastic (MP) pollution is crucial for ensuring global food security. Here, we conduct a multiecosystem meta-analysis of 3,286 data points and reveal that MP exposure leads to a global reduction in photosynthesis of 7.05 to 12.

A deep insight into the sialome of the house fly, Musca domestica, infected with the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV).

The house fly, Musca domestica, serves as a mechanical vector for numerous pathogens, posing a significant risk to human and animal health. More than two decades ago, the Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) was discovered, infecting both males and females flies and disrupting mating and the reproductive process. While MdSGHV can infect various tissues, its primary replication site is the house fly salivary gland.

First report of causing stem blight in hop plants in Massachusetts.

Humulus lupulus L., the common hop plant, is a commercially cultivated crop used as a beer flavoring agent that has been grown in Massachusetts since the 1600s (Machado et al., 2019 ; Rumney, 1998).

Biodegradation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials by Neutrophils.

The biodegradation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomaterials by neutrophils was investigated. After incubation for 36 h, h-BN nanosheets are taken up by neutrophils, and their structure is highly disrupted, as observed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and confocal Raman imaging. Among the three degradation pathways, the release of neutrophil extracellular traps from neutrophils is the dominant, with myeloperoxidase (MPO) playing an important role.

Induces Strong Defense and Increases Resistance in Tomato to .

Pre-stimulation of plants can change their resistance mechanisms, thereby enhancing their defense responses. , a broad-spectrum entomogenous fungi, can also induce plant defenses, but it received little attention. Here, we show that can act as a stimulus to prime tomato defense responses, improving resistance in the plant to herbivore stress.

Metalloid Nanomaterials Alleviate Arsenic Phytotoxicity and Grain Accumulation in Rice: Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Rhizosphere Behavior.

Nanoenabled agriculture technology exhibits potential in reducing arsenic uptake in rice; however, a systematic understanding of the rice-soil-microorganism process of nanomaterials (NMs) is lacking. Soil amendment of metalloid NMs, including SiO, hydroxyapatite, S, and Se at 10-100 (0.1-5.

Intergenerational transfer of micro(nano)plastics in different organisms.

Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), widely distributed in the environment, can be ingested and accumulated by various organisms. Recently, the transgenerational transport of MNPs from parental organisms to their offspring has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the patterns, specific pathways, and related mechanisms of intergenerational transfer of MNPs in plants, non-mammals (zooplankton and fish) and mammals.

Distribution and Biological Response of Nanoplastics in Constructed Wetland Microcosms: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Photoaging.

Concern over nanoplastic contamination of wetland ecosystems has been increasing. However, little is known about the effect of photoaging on the distribution and biological response of the nanoplastics. Here, palladium-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-Pd NPs) at 0.

Safe Production of Rice ( L.) in Arsenic-Contaminated Soil: a Remedial Strategy using Micro-Nanostructured Bone Biochar.

This study investigated the effects of fine-sized pork bone biochar particles on remediating As-contaminated soil and alleviating associated phytotoxicity to rice in 50-day short-term and 120-day full-life-cycle pot experiments. The addition of micro-nanostructured pork bone biochar (BC) pyrolyzed at 400 and 600 °C (BC400 and BC600) significantly increased the As-treated shoot and root fresh weight by 24.4-77.

Mechanistic evaluation of enhanced graphene toxicity to Bacillus induced by humic acid adsorption.

The extensive application of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has raised concerns over risks to sensitive species in the aquatic environment. The humic acid (HA) corona is traditionally considered to reduce GNSs toxicity. Here, we evaluate the effect of sorbed HA (GNSs-HA) on the toxicity of GNSs to Gram positive Bacillus tropicus.

Adsorption behaviors of microplastics from packaging materials subjected to ultraviolet irradiation and microbial colonization.

Microplastics (MPs) in nature inevitably undergo various aging processes and may exhibit varied interfacial interactions with the coexisted contaminants. Here several discarded disposable polyethylene and polypropylene plastic packaging materials were collected and employed as the raw materials of MPs, and the effects of stimulated UV irradiation and microbial colonization on the variations of surface physicochemical characteristics, including biofilm content, oxygen-containing functional groups, oxygen/carbon ratio, hydrophilicity and surface charge properties were explored. Simultaneously, the adsorption behavior of each MPs on the representative cationic dye crystal violet (CV), as well as the influences of salinity and pH of CV solution, was investigated.

Microplastics Generate Less Mineral Protection of Soil Carbon and More CO Emissions.

Microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems threatens to destabilize large soil carbon stocks that help to mitigate climate change. Carbon-based substrates can release from microplastics and contribute to terrestrial carbon pools, but how these emerging organic compounds influence carbon mineralization and sequestration remains unknown. Here, microcosm experiments are conducted to determine the bioavailability of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) in soils and its contribution to mineral-associated carbon pool.

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒ), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification.

Mitigating toxic metals contamination in foods: Bridging knowledge gaps for addressing food safety.

Background: Reducing exposure to harmful substances in food is highly desired, especially for infants, young children, and pregnant women. A workshop focused on understanding and reducing toxic metal contamination in food was conducted involving leading scientists, educators, practitioners, and key stakeholders in conjunction with the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Scope And Approach: The goal of this review and the workshop was to advance the current knowledge of major toxic metals concerning food safety, .

Quantification of saliva production in L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and the impact of MdSGHV infection.

salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) affects house flies by enlarging salivary glands, impeding ovary development in females, and mating behavior in both males and females. It is not known if this virus impacts the quantity of saliva produced by house flies. This study aimed to establish baseline saliva quantities in healthy across sexes and ages and examine how MdSGHV infection influences saliva output in 5-day-old males.

Dynamic formation mechanism of persistent free radicals driven by water-phase oxidation-dependent heterogeneity of the carbon-silicon coupling structure in biochar.

The formation of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar (BC) is closely related to the structural characteristics and reactivity of BC, which have toxic effects on the environment. However, the mechanisms driving PFRs formation through structural evolution during oxidative aging of BC remain unclear. Herein, we propose a novel dynamic mechanism for BC-PFRs formation driven by oxidation-dependent heterogeneity in carbon-silicon coupling structures by evaluating their heterogeneous correlations, sequential responses, and synergistic relations.

Mask Wearers at Risk of Inhaling Respirable Hazards from Leave-On Facial Cosmetics.

Previous research has widely overlooked the respiratory risks associated with cosmetic powder, a type of mixed particulate matter with intricate chemical compositions, especially in the context of wearing masks. This study investigated the inhalation risks posed by five face powders, focusing on both particulate matter (minerals and primary microplastics) and soluble components (preservatives and organic UV filters). Wearing masks significantly increased the inhalation risk of face powders, with exposure levels influenced by factors such as particle size, density, and composition.

The NanoSIMS-HR: The Next Generation of High Spatial Resolution Dynamic SIMS.

The high lateral resolution and sensitivity of the NanoSIMS 50 and 50L series of dynamic SIMS instruments have enabled numerous scientific advances over the past 25 years. Here, we report on the NanoSIMS-HR, the first major upgrade to the series, and analytical tests in a suite of sample types, including an aluminum sample containing silicon crystals, microalgae, and plant roots colonized with a symbiotic fungus. Significant improvements have been made in the Cs ion source, high voltage (HV) control, stage reproducibility, and other aspects of the instrument that affect performance.

Molecular Evidence of CeO Nanoparticle Modulation of ABA and Genes Containing ABA-Responsive Cis-Elements to Promote Rice Drought Resistance.

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) have enzyme-like properties and scavenge excess ROS induced by stressors such as drought. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which CeO NPs enhance drought resistance are unknown. In this work, both foliar application and soil injection of CeO NPs were used to rice seedlings under a 30 day moderate drought (40% soil relative moisture).

Contrasting environmental impacts of nano-biochar and conventional biochar on various organisms.

The environmental hazards of nanobiochar (n-BC) require attention due to limited knowledge. This study is the first to explore the effects of biochar size reduction across various organisms, including bacteria (Allivibrio fischeri), plants (Lemna minor, Lepidium sativum), and invertebrates (Daphnia magna, Folsomia candida). Bulk biochar (b-BC) and n-BC were applied in both liquid and solid-phase tests to assess their ecotoxicity.

imaging of microplastics in living organisms based on mass spectrometry technology.

Plastic pollution is widely present in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and microplastics (MPs) can be detected in organisms. detection methods for MPs in organisms have attracted widespread attention. Traditional imaging characterization methods of MPs, including stereo microscopes and fluorescence microscopy, are typically used to image artificially added microsphere standards under laboratory conditions.