Strain-release enables access to carbonyl conjugated allylic diborons and alkenyl boronates having multiple contiguous stereocenters in a one-pot process.

Allylic diboronates are highly valuable reagents in organic synthesis. Existing methods predominantly yield alkyl-substituted allylic diboronates, while the incorporation of electrophilic carbonyl groups conjugated to these allylic systems remains unknown. We present a strain-release promoted cycloaddition-based strategy that enabled access to unprecedented carbonyl conjugated secondary allylic diborons.

Metabolic regulation of intestinal homeostasis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and diseases.

Metabolism serves not only as the organism's energy source but also yields metabolites crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis and overall health. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain intestinal homeostasis through continuous self-renewal and differentiation divisions. The intricate relationship between metabolic pathways and intestinal homeostasis underscores their crucial interplay.

Lifting and Transport of Martian Dust by the Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Downwash as Observed by High-Speed Imaging From the Perseverance Rover.

Martian atmospheric dust is a major driver of weather, with feedback between atmospheric dust distribution, circulation changes from radiative heating and cooling driven by this dust, and winds that mobilize surface dust and distribute it in the atmosphere. Wind-driven mobilization of surface dust is a poorly understood process due to significant uncertainty about minimum wind stress and whether the saltation of sand particles is required. This study utilizes video of six Ingenuity helicopter flights to measure dust lifting during helicopter ascents, traverses, and descents.

Sound-guided assessment and localization of pulmonary air leak.

Pulmonary air leak is the most common complication of lung surgery, with air leaks that persist longer than 5 days representing a major source of post-surgery morbidity. Clinical management of air leaks is challenging due to limited methods to precisely locate and assess leaks. Here, we present a sound-guided methodology that enables rapid quantitative assessment and precise localization of air leaks by analyzing the distinct sounds generated as the air escapes through defective lung tissue.

Reducing ageism toward older adults and highlighting older adults as contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated ageism (stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination) toward older adults in the United States, highlighting the belief that older adults are a burden. Prior to the pandemic, a growing body of research sought to reduce ageism using the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model. Extending that research, participants were randomly assigned to watch three videos (less than 10 min total) that challenged stereotypes about aging and older adults, depicted positive intergenerational contact, and highlighted older adults as contributors to society (experimental condition) or three videos on wallpaper (control condition).

SERDs: a case study in targeted protein degradation.

Endocrine therapies for breast cancer target ERα which is found in more than 70% of breast cancers. Unfortunately, endocrine resistance typically occurs, in which case Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs) represent the last line of treatment for metastatic breast cancer patients. Fulvestrant, the only currently approved SERD and one of the first targeted protein degradation therapies, presents poor drug-like properties which has led to the development of a new generation of oral SERDs.

Integrating County-Level Socioeconomic Data for COVID-19 Forecasting in the United States.

The United States (US) is currently one of the countries hardest-hit by the novel SARS-CoV-19 virus. One key difficulty in managing the outbreak at the national level is that due to the US' diversity, geographic spread, and economic inequality, the COVID-19 pandemic in the US acts more as a series of diverse regional outbreaks rather than a synchronized homogeneous one. In order to determine how to assess regional risk related to COVID-19, a two-phase modeling approach is developed while considering demographic and economic criteria.

Acrylic boronate: a multifunctional C3 building block for catalytic synthesis of rare organoborons and chemoselective heterobifunctional ligations.

A novel C3 acylboron building block; acrylic boronate was successfully prepared and its versatility for catalytic synthesis of several previously inaccessible organoborons is described. Cross-metathesis and Pd-catalyzed coupling of acrylic boronate enabled two complementary routes to highly functionalized α,β-unsaturated acylborons and two new types of conjugated borylated products: α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated and bis-α,β unsaturated acylborons. The synthetic application of α,β-unsaturated acylborons was demonstrated for the first time, thereby providing a general and highly regioselective route to medicinally important 3-boryl pyrazoles.

Analytical Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy of Hydrated Polymers and Microgels.

Despite the fact that scanning electron microscopes (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) has been commercially available for more than a half-century, SEM/EDS continues to develop and open new opportunities to study the morphology of advanced materials. This is particularly true in applications to hydrated soft matter. Developments in field-emission electron sources that enable low-voltage imaging of uncoated polymers, silicon-drift detectors that enable high-efficiency collection of X-rays characteristic of light elements, and cryogenic methods to effectively cryo-fix hydrated samples have opened new opportunities to apply techniques relatively well established in hard-materials applications to challenging new problems involving synthetic polymers.

Anomalously Suppressed Thermal Conduction by Electron-Phonon Coupling in Charge-Density-Wave Tantalum Disulfide.

Charge and thermal transport in a crystal is carried by free electrons and phonons (quantized lattice vibration), the two most fundamental quasiparticles. Above the Debye temperature of the crystal, phonon-mediated thermal conductivity ( ) is typically limited by mutual scattering of phonons, which results in decreasing with inverse temperature, whereas free electrons play a negligible role in . Here, an unusual case in charge-density-wave tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS) is reported, in which is limited instead by phonon scattering with free electrons, resulting in a temperature-independent .

Solvation in Ionic Liquids with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles.

Polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilized in ionic liquid (IL)-solvent mixtures are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity of IL-solvent mixtures with the polymer-grafted nanoparticles is found to be higher than that of nanoparticles in the IL. These particles offer additional interactions between polymer and IL, which can mitigate solvation in ILs with solvents.

A 3D-Printed Hybrid Nasal Cartilage with Functional Electronic Olfaction.

Advances in biomanufacturing techniques have opened the doors to recapitulate human sensory organs such as the nose and ear in vitro with adequate levels of functionality. Such advancements have enabled simultaneous targeting of two challenges in engineered sensory organs, especially the nose: i) mechanically robust reconstruction of the nasal cartilage with high precision and ii) replication of the nose functionality: odor perception. Hybrid nasal organs can be equipped with remarkable capabilities such as augmented olfactory perception.

Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerators in the Era of the Internet of Things.

Since their debut in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attained high performance in terms of both energy density and instantaneous conversion, reaching up to 500 W m and 85%, respectively, synchronous with multiple energy sources and hybridized designs. Here, a comprehensive review of the design guidelines of TENGs, their performance, and their designs in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) applications is presented. The development stages of TENGs in large-scale self-powered systems and technological applications enabled by harvesting energy from water waves or wind energy sources are also reviewed.

High-performance thermoelectric silver selenide thin films cation exchanged from a copper selenide template.

Over the past decade, AgSe has attracted increasing attention due to its potentially excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance as an n-type semiconductor. It has been considered a promising alternative to Bi-Te alloys and other commonly used yet toxic and/or expensive TE materials. To optimize the TE performance of AgSe, recent research has focused on fabricating nanosized AgSe.

Service supply chains for population health: Overcoming fragmentation of service delivery ecosystems.

Introduction: Population health involves integration of health, education, and social services to keep a defined population healthy, to address health challenges holistically, and to assist with the realities of being mortal. The fragmentation of the US population health delivery system is addressed. The impacts of this fragmentation on the treatment of substance abuse in the United States are considered.

Weaving nanostructures with site-specific ion induced bidirectional bending.

Site-specific ion-irradiation is a promising tool fostering strain-engineering of freestanding nanostructures to realize 3D-configurations towards various functionalities. We first develop a novel approach of fabricating freestanding 3D silicon nanostructures by low dose ion-implantation followed by chemical-etching. The fabricated nanostructures can then be deformed bidirectionally by varying the local irradiation of kiloelectronvolt gallium ions.

Proteomic profiling of vetiver grass () under 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) stress.

Vetiver grass is an ideal plant for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) phytoremediation, due to its ability to tolerate and metabolize TNT as previously reported. The current study is the first attempt to investigate the changes in the proteomic profile of a plant under TNT stress. Vetiver plants were grown in nutrient media with varying concentrations of TNT (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L) for 10 days.

Learning in the health care enterprise.

Introduction: The overall enterprise of health care delivery is considered. The 4 levels of the enterprise include clinical practices, processes that provide capabilities and information, structure that includes the business entities involved, and ecosystem that includes Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Congress, as well as societal values and norms. It is argued that the enterprise of health care delivery needs to be transformed to enable high-quality, affordable care for everyone.

Bioregeneration of spent anion exchange resin for treatment of nitrate in water.

Anion exchange resin treatment is a commonly used technique for removal of nitrate from water. However, spent anion exchange resins are themselves regenerated using brine solution, which produces spent solution containing a high concentration of nitrate and salt. The present study developed a bioregeneration technique for conversion of nitrate on the spent resins to nitrogen gas while eliminating the use of brine solutions.