Reliability and validity of the multiple sclerosis quality of life inventory in older individuals.

Purpose: Despite the increasing number of older individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a paucity of research on this subpopulation. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has received extensive attention in MS; however samples tend to be young. The present study assesses the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the MS Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI), a widely employed measure of HRQOL, in older individuals.

In vitro cytotoxicity to human cells in culture of some phenolics from olive oil.

The neutral red in vitro cytotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the comparative responses of human cells isolated from tissues of the oral cavity to olive oil phenolics. The cell lines used included normal gingival fibroblasts, immortalized, nontumorigenic gingival epithelial cells, and carcinoma cells from the salivary gland. No differences in the relative sensitivities to the phenolics amongst the three cell types were noted.

In vitro cytotoxicity of protocatechuic acid to cultured human cells from oral tissue: involvement in oxidative stress.

Data on the biologic activity of protocatechuic acid are contradictory; some studies have shown that it acts as an antioxidant and suppresses chemical-induced carcinogenesis and others that it induces oxidative stress and promotes tumour formation. The anticarcinogenicity of protocatechuic acid was postulated to be related, in part, to its specific suppression of neoplastic hyperproliferation. To determine whether protocatechuic acid was preferentially antiproliferative to malignant cells, non-malignant and carcinoma cells were exposed for 24 hr to protocatechuic acid (2.

In vitro response of human gingival epithelioid S-G cells to minocycline.

Minocycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of acne and periodontal disease and to control inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, has recently been shown to induce a spectrum of adverse health effects. In the light of these contradictory data, this research was directed to provide basic information on the toxicology of minocycline, using in vitro cell culture models, and to evaluate its efficacy in periodontal therapies, particularly for wound healing. The human gingival epithelioid S-G cell line was used as the bioindicator.

In vitro cytotoxicity of glyco-S-nitrosothiols. a novel class of nitric oxide donors.

The cytotoxicities of the nitric oxide (NO) donors, S-nitroso-N-acetylpencillamine (SNAP) and three glyco-SNAPs, glucose-1-SNAP, glucose-2-SNAP, and fructose-1-SNAP, towards the human gingival epithelioid S-G cell line and three human carcinoma cell lines derived from tissues of the oral cavity were compared using the neutral red (NR) assay. In general, the glucose-SNAPs were more cytotoxic than SNAP, which, in turn, was more cytotoxic than fructose-1-SNAP. Further studies focused on the response of S-G cells to glucose-2-SNAP.

Indirect cytotoxicity of dental materials: a study with Transwell inserts and the neutral red uptake assay.

A modification of the Transwell insert methodology was evaluated by using the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in a cytotoxicity test. The Transwell insert methodology was developed to assess the biocompatibility of solid materials used in dentistry and, when initially designed, used the release of radiochromium ((51)Cr) in the cytotoxicity assay. Another aim of this study was to evaluate different exposure regimes with which to assess cytotoxicity.

In vitro response of human gingival epithelial S-G cells to resveratrol.

WST-1 (mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities). Arrest of cell growth, due to inhibition of DNA synthesis, may explain the leveling of toxicity between day 2 and 3 for a 3-day continuous exposure to resveratrol. Irreversible damage to cell proliferation was noted in S-G cells exposed to 75-150 microM resveratrol for 2 days and then subsequently maintained for another 3 days in resveratrol-free medium.

In vitro cytotoxicity of the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, towards cells from human oral tissue.

The cytotoxicity of the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), towards cultured human cells from oral tissue was evaluated. The toxicity of SNAP to Smulow-Glickman gingival epithelial cells was correlated with the liberation of nitric oxide, as N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, the SNAP metabolites, N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine disulfide and nitrite, and preincubated (denitrosylated) SNAP did not affect viability. Comparing equimolar concentrations of various nitric oxide donors, cytotoxicity appeared to be inversely related to the relative stability (i.

Triclosan: cytotoxicity, mode of action, and induction of apoptosis in human gingival cells in vitro.

The in vitro cytotoxicology of triclosan, the active ingredient in some mouthrinses and dentifrices used in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis and plaque, was studied using the Smulow-Glickman (S-G) human gingival epithelial cell line. The 24 h midpoint cytotoxicity value was 0.05-0.

In vitro toxicity of sodium nitroprusside to human endothelial ECV304 cells.

The cytotoxicity of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to the human endothelial cell line, ECV304, was studied. The cytotoxicity of SNP was primarily related to the liberation of nitric oxide (NO). S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, was highly toxic.

Sodium lauryl sulfate and triclosan: in vitro cytotoxicity studies with gingival cells.

Triclosan and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) are antimicrobial agents used, both singularly and in combination, in dentifrices and mouth-rinses. Studies by Waaler et al. (Scand.

Cytotoxicity of sanguinarine chloride to cultured human cells from oral tissue.

The in vitro cytotoxicity of sanguinarine chloride, a dental product used in the treatment of gingivitis and plaque, was compared using cell lines and primary cells from oral human tissues. For the established cell lines, sanguinarine chloride exhibited similar potencies to S-G gingival epithelial cells and to KB carcinoma cells, whereas HGF-1 gingival fibroblasts were more tolerant. However, a gingival primary cell culture was more sensitive to sanguinarine chloride than were the established cell lines.

Benzoyl peroxide cytotoxicity evaluated in vitro with the human keratinocyte cell line, RHEK-1.

The human keratinocyte cell line, RHEK-1, was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benzoyl peroxide (BZP). As determined with the neutral red (NR) cytotoxicity assay, the 24-h midpoint (NR50) toxicity values, in mM, were 0.11 for BZP and 29.

An in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to human gingival cells.

Chlorhexidine digluconate is the active ingredient in mouthrinses used to prevent dental plaque and gingivitis. The in vitro cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine was evaluated with the Smulow-Glickman (S-G) gingival epithelial cell line. The potency of chlorhexidine was dependent on the length of exposure and composition of the exposure medium.

In vitro cytotoxicity of the chlorinated naphthoquinone dichlone to human endothelial ECV304 cells.

The cytotoxicity of the pro-oxidant fungicide dichlone (2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone), to the human endothelial cell line, ECV304, was evaluated. The sensitivity of these cells to dichlone was intermediate between that of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells (least sensitive) and that of human GMO5757 fibroblasts. The midpoint cytotoxicity values for a 24-hr exposure to dichlone was about 0.

Naphthoquinone cytotoxicity to bluegill sunfish BF-2 cells.

Bluegill sunfish BF-2 fibroblasts were used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicities of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-NQ, and 2,3-dichloro-1, 4-NQ (dichlone); comparisons were made with previously obtained data on the response of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. For both cell types, the sequence of potency was 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-NQ > 1,4-NQ > dichlone. Dichlone, and, although to a lesser extent, 1,4-NQ and 5,8-dihydroxy-1-4-NQ, induced endoreduplication in the BF-2 cells; for the HepG2 cells, endoreduplication was induced only with dichlone.

In vitro cytotoxicities of 1,4-naphthoquinone and hydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinones to replicating cells.

Using the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and the BALB/c mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3, as the bioindicators in the neutral red cytotoxicity assay, the effect of hydroxyl substitution on the toxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone was studied. The sequence of potency for the quinones was 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone > 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone > 1,4-naphthoquinone >> 2-hydroxyl-1,4- naphthoquinone. Pretreatment of the cells with dicoumarol, an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase, enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone but not of the hydroxylated naphthoquinones.

Eugenol cytotoxicity evaluated with continuous cell lines.

The cytotoxicity of eugenol to replicating cells, as mediated by the intracellular level of glutathione and by metabolic activation, was evaluated with the neutral red (NR) assay. The cytotoxicity of eugenol to human HFF fibroblasts and human HepG2 hepatoma cells was increased somewhat in the presence of a hepatic S-9 microsomal fraction from Aroclor-induced rats or hamsters. Exposure of human HepG2 hepatoma cells to eugenol depleted the level of intracellular glutathione.

Oxidative stress in fish cells: in vitro studies.

Bluegill sunfish BF-2 fibroblasts were used in the neutral red (NR) cytotoxicity assay to discern the toxicities of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat as indicated by their abilities to induce oxidative stress. The toxicity of H2O2 was markedly enhanced in BF-2 cells treated with the glutathione depleting agents, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), maleic acid, and chlorodinitrobenzene; similar treatments did not sensitize the BF-2 cells to paraquat, a redox cycling xenobiotic. BSO treated BF-2 cells, however, were sensitized to nitrofurantoin, also a redox cycling chemical.