14,669 results match your criteria: "Stellenbosch University[Affiliation]"
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
December 2024
Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA.
Sexual and/or injecting partners of people who inject drugs (PWID) may have an elevated risk of HIV infection either from sharing a transmission network or an epidemiological environment. We estimated the degree of similarity between HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) sequences from PWID and their partners to assess whether partner-based recruitment identifies sexual or injecting partners within transmission networks. We used assisted partner services (APS) to recruit sexual and injecting partners of PWID living with HIV in Kenya and evaluated trends in the TN93 distances (an adjusted measure of sequence similarity) of the HIV-1 and HCV sequences from partner pairs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Microbiol
December 2024
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
December 2024
University of Cape Town Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Observatory, South Africa.
Ann Am Thorac Soc
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital, Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev
December 2024
Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
A high-fat, low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet has already appealed to athletes for a long time due to its purported ability to improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. The availability of ketone supplements has further sparked such interest. The review therefore focuses on the potential beneficial impact of exogenous and endogenous ketosis in the context of ultra-endurance exercise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
December 2024
Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA.
Int J Cancer
December 2024
Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is an established carcinogen to the nasal cavity, lip, and oropharynx, however, few studies have examined cancer risks in older African women among whom SLT use is common. We investigated snuff use and the risk of site-specific cancers among 15,336 newly diagnosed female cancer patients in the Johannesburg Cancer Study, South Africa. We designed case-control comparisons across multiple cancer outcomes: (a) known SLT-associated cancers; (b) other tobacco-related cancers and (c) genital cancers owing to intravaginal snuff use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Educ Health Promot
September 2024
Department of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Background: The calls for curricula review to adequately prepare nursing graduates have increased over the last decade. In response, many nursing education institutions across the world have considered ways to review and renew their curricula. Part of these renewal processes seeks to prepare nursing graduates to function within highly dynamic and challenging environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Evol
November 2024
Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 500 5th Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
Although recent modeling suggests that needle-syringe programs (NSPs) have reduced parenteral HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kenya, the prevalence in this population remains high (∼14-20%, compared to ∼4% in the larger population). Reducing transmission or acquisition requires understanding historic and modern transmission trends, but the relationship between the PWID HIV-1 sub-epidemic and the general epidemic in Kenya is not well understood. We incorporated 303 new (2018-21) HIV-1 sequences from PWID and their sexual and injecting partners with 2666 previously published Kenyan HIV-1 sequences to quantify relative rates and direction of HIV-1 transmissions involving PWID from the coast and Nairobi regions of Kenya.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
December 2024
Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya.
Introduction: HPV self-sampling is a relatively new, cost-effective and widely accepted method, however, uptake in LMICs remains limited. We aimed to map out the evidence and identify gaps in accuracy, acceptability, cost, equity and uptake of self-sampling vs. provider-sampling in LMICs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Glob Health
December 2024
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Mid Sweden University, Kunskapens väg 8, SE-831 25 Östersund, Sweden.
Metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are increasingly recognized as not just medical issues, but as complex conditions influenced by various factors. This study aimed to explore the association between food insecurity (FI) and hypertension and diabetes and how socioeconomic status influences this relationship. Based on a cross‑sectional study of 1,820 participants conducted in Maputo City, FI was measured using a modified version of the US Department of Agriculture scale; metabolic diseases were assessed using self‑reports of the actual diagnoses, and data were analyzed through multinomial regression and interaction terms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFN Biotechnol
December 2024
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro 35020, Italy; Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, South Africa 7602, South Africa. Electronic address:
Lignocellulosic biomass holds significant promise as a substrate for bioethanol production, yet the financial viability of lignocellulosic fermentation poses challenges. The pre-treatment step needed for lignocellulosic substrates generates inhibitors that impede Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth, affecting the fermentation process and overall yield. In modern sugarcane-to-ethanol plants, a rapid succession of yeast strains occurs, with dominant strains prevailing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Teach
December 2024
Institute of Health Sciences Education and Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Background: There is wide variation in how faculty development (FD) is practiced globally and described in the literature. This scoping review aims to clarify how FD is conceptualised and practiced in health professions education.
Methodology: Using a systematic search strategy, 418 papers, published between 2015-2023, were included for full text review.
Lancet Planet Health
December 2024
Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Electronic address:
Background: Dengue is a significant global public health concern that poses a threat in Africa. Particularly, African countries are at risk of viral introductions through air travel connectivity with areas of South America and Asia in which explosive dengue outbreaks frequently occur. Limited reporting and diagnostic capacity hinder a comprehensive assessment of continent-wide transmission dynamics and deployment of surveillance strategies in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTAR Protoc
December 2024
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. Electronic address:
Alveolar macrophages and other myeloid cells in the human airways are the primary cell types responding to respiratory pathogens. Here, we present a protocol for in vitro stimulation of cryopreserved human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells with mycobacterial antigens for phenotyping and quantifying proinflammatory cytokine responses in myeloid cells by mass cytometry. We demonstrate that the measure of markers of myeloid lineage and function is stable after freezing stained cells thereby allowing for batched analyses and/or machine downtime.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokine
December 2024
DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address:
Even though anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment is readily available, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection continues to be a global threat with a high death rate recorded from a single infectious agent. This highlights the significance of developing new strategies to curb the growing Mtb infection cases. Host-directed therapies (HDT) offer a promising approach that includes both drug discovery and drug repurposing, aimed at identifying host targets and promoting immune cell populations that can lead to better infection outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteins
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Plasmodium falciparum expresses four heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) members. Among these, one, glucose-regulated protein 94 (PfGrp94), is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both the cytosolic and ER-based Hsp90s are essential for parasite survival under all growth conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Lang
December 2024
Stellenbosch University, Department of General Linguistics, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Research shows that children's home environment (e.g., the composition of their household and the resources available in it) has an impact on children's language development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIJID Reg
December 2024
Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Objectives: We characterized the molecular and mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant strains in Botswana.
Methods: We performed genomic, phylogenetic, and immunoinformatic analyses of 5254 near-complete genomes from 2020 to 2023. We assessed the presence of mutations of interested (MutOI) that may be associated with immune escape .
Ecol Evol
December 2024
Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa.
Globally, hammerhead sharks have experienced severe declines owing to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change. The smooth hammerhead shark remains understudied compared to other members of the family Sphyrnidae. Despite its vulnerable status, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic landscape remains lacking in many regions worldwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Dis Primers
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Ectopic pregnancy, defined as the implantation of a developing pregnancy outside of the endometrial cavity of the uterus, is the leading cause of early-pregnancy maternal mortality. The majority of ectopic pregnancies implant in a fallopian tube. Acute complications may include rupture of the fallopian tube or rupture of ectopic pregnancy, haemorrhage and hypovolaemic shock, or occur secondary to treatments such as emergency surgery or blood transfusions, and ultimately increase the risk of maternal death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Evol
December 2024
UMR 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, Paris, France.
Sex chromosomes of some closely related species are not homologous, and sex chromosome turnover is often attributed to mechanisms that involve linkage to or recombination arrest around sex-determining loci. We examined sex chromosome turnover and recombination landscapes in African clawed frogs (genus Xenopus) with reduced representation genome sequences from 929 individuals from 19 species. We recovered extensive variation in sex chromosomes, including at least eight nonhomologous sex-associated regions-five newly reported here, with most maintaining female heterogamety, but two independent origins of Y chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJBJS Essent Surg Tech
December 2024
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Temporary ankle-spanning circular fixation aims to provide osseous stability while (1) allowing access to and recovery of the traumatized soft-tissue envelope and (2) facilitating safe, comfortable, and clinically relevant cross-sectional imaging for surgical planning. It is most commonly utilized in a "span-scan-plan" treatment strategy in cases of peri-articular fractures around the ankle. Conventional monolateral fixators are prone to morbidity at the half-pin sites in the foot and variation in construct stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Reprod Health
November 2024
Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Clin Case Rep
December 2024
Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa.
A 16-year-old male with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was referred to a clinical exercise physiologist (CEP) by their pediatric rheumatologist. The patient presented with arthralgia in the left knee and shoulder. Specifically, the left knee presented discomfort during activities of daily living (ADL), and the left shoulder had a reduced range of motion resulting from pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF