Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis by Immunological Features Using Machine Learning.

Despite the achievements of modern medicine, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The difficulties in differential diagnosis have particular relevance in the case of suspicion of tuberculosis with other granulomatous diseases. The most similar clinical and radiologic changes are sarcoidosis.

Correction: Morzhin, O.V.; Pechen, A.N. Control of the von Neumann Entropy for an Open Two-Qubit System Using Coherent and Incoherent Drives. 2024, , 36.

In the published article [...

Control of the von Neumann Entropy for an Open Two-Qubit System Using Coherent and Incoherent Drives.

This article is devoted to developing an approach for manipulating the von Neumann entropy S(ρ(t)) of an open two-qubit system with coherent control and incoherent control inducing time-dependent decoherence rates. The following goals are considered: (a) minimizing or maximizing the final entropy S(ρ(T)); (b) steering S(ρ(T)) to a given target value; (c) steering S(ρ(T)) to a target value and satisfying the pointwise state constraint S(ρ(t))≤S¯ for a given S¯; (d) keeping S(ρ(t)) constant at a given time interval. Under the Markovian dynamics determined by a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad type master equation, which contains coherent and incoherent controls, one- and two-step gradient projection methods and genetic algorithm have been adapted, taking into account the specifics of the objective functionals.

Superoperator Master Equations and Effective Dynamics.

We developed the projection method to derive an analog of the quantum master equation for propagators rather than density matrices themselves. As these propagators are superoperators, we call them superoperator master equations. Furthermore, as the projector maps superoperators to superoperators, we call it a hyperprojector.

Assessment of Comorbidity in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

A wide range of comorbidities, especially in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients, markedly complicates selecting effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and preventing the development of adverse events. At present, it is impossible to assess the severity of comorbid pathologies and develop indications for the administration of accompanying therapy in TB patients. The aim of this study was to identify the difference in the range of comorbidities between patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB and assess the impact of comorbidities on TB treatment.

On Constructing Informationally Complete Covariant Positive Operator-Valued Measures.

We study a projective unitary representation of the product G=G˜×G, where is a locally compact Abelian group and G^ is its dual consisting of characters on . It is proven that the representation is irreducible, which allows us to define a covariant positive operator-valued measure (covariant POVM) generated by orbits of projective unitary representations of G. The quantum tomography associated with the representation is discussed.

Learning by Population Genetics and Matrix Riccati Equation.

A model of learning as a generalization of the Eigen's quasispecies model in population genetics is introduced. Eigen's model is considered as a matrix Riccati equation. The error catastrophe in the Eigen's model (when the purifying selection becomes ineffective) is discussed as the divergence of the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of the Riccati model in the limit of large matrices.

Efficacy of Tuberculosis Treatment in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis with the Use of Bedaquiline: The Experience of the Russian Federation.

Unlabelled: In the conditions of the continued growth of multiple- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, use of the new highly effective anti-tuberculosis drugs in this patient category is of great relevance. The aim of the study was determination the efficacy of treatment in patients with multidrug- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis using bedaquiline based on studies published in the Russian Federation.

Materials And Methods: The authors analyzed data published in studies from 2014 to 2022; 41 publications were included in total and 17 articles corresponded to the study design.

nablaDFT: Large-Scale Conformational Energy and Hamiltonian Prediction benchmark and dataset.

Electronic wave function calculation is a fundamental task of computational quantum chemistry. Knowledge of the wave function parameters allows one to compute physical and chemical properties of molecules and materials. Unfortunately, it is infeasible to compute the wave functions analytically even for simple molecules.

Effective Gibbs State for Averaged Observables.

We introduce the effective Gibbs state for the observables averaged with respect to fast free dynamics. We prove that the information loss due to the restriction of our measurement capabilities to such averaged observables is non-negative and discuss a thermodynamic role of it. We show that there are a lot of similarities between this effective Hamiltonian and the mean force Hamiltonian, which suggests a generalization of quantum thermodynamics including both cases.

Multipartite Correlations in Quantum Collision Models.

Quantum collision models have proved to be useful for a clear and concise description of many physical phenomena in the field of open quantum systems: thermalization, decoherence, homogenization, nonequilibrium steady state, entanglement generation, simulation of many-body dynamics, and quantum thermometry. A challenge in the standard collision model, where the system and many ancillas are all initially uncorrelated, is how to describe quantum correlations among ancillas induced by successive system-ancilla interactions. Another challenge is how to deal with initially correlated ancillas.

Dynamical Quantum Cherenkov Transition of Fast Impurities in Quantum Liquids.

The challenge of understanding the dynamics of a mobile impurity in an interacting quantum many-body medium comes from the necessity of including entanglement between the impurity and excited states of the environment in a wide range of energy scales. In this Letter, we investigate the motion of a finite mass impurity injected into a three-dimensional quantum Bose fluid as it starts shedding Bogoliubov excitations. We uncover a transition in the dynamics as the impurity's velocity crosses a critical value that depends on the strength of the interaction between the impurity and bosons as well as the impurity's recoil energy.

Filtration mapping as complete Bell state analyzer for bosonic particles.

In this paper, we present the approach to complete Bell state analysis based on filtering mapping. The key distinctive feature of this appoach is that it avoids complications related to using either hyperentanglement or representation of the Bell states as concatenated Greenber-Horne-Zeilinger (C-GHZ) state to perform discrimination procedure. We describe two techniques developed within the suggested approach and based on two-step algorithms with two different types of filtration mapping which can be called the non-demolition and semi-demolition filtrations.

Patient-specific fluid-structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms.

Gallbladder disease is one of the most spread pathologies in the world. Despite the number of operations dealing with biliary surgery increases, the number of postoperative complications is also high. The aim of this study is to show the influence of the biliary system pathology on bile flow character and to numerically assess the effect of surgical operation (cholecystectomy) on the fluid dynamics in the extrahepatic biliary tree, and also to reveal the difference between 1-way and 2-way FSI algorithms on the results.

The Influence of Signal Polarization on Quantum Bit Error Rate for Subcarrier Wave Quantum Key Distribution Protocol.

In this paper, we consider the influence of a divergence of polarization of a quantum signal transmitted through an optical fiber channel on the quantum bit error rate of the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution protocol. Firstly, we investigate the dependence of the optical power of the signal on the modulation indices' difference after the second phase modulation of the signal. Then we consider the Liouville equation with regard to relaxation in order to develop expressions of the dynamics of the Stokes parameters.

Two-Qubit Entanglement Generation through Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians Induced by Repeated Measurements on an Ancilla.

In contrast to classical systems, actual implementation of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian dynamics for quantum systems is a challenge because the processes of energy gain and dissipation are based on the underlying Hermitian system-environment dynamics, which are trace preserving. Recently, a scheme for engineering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians as a result of repetitive measurements on an ancillary qubit has been proposed. The induced conditional dynamics of the main system is described by the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian arising from the procedure.

Specifying the Unitary Evolution of a Qudit for a General Nonstationary Hamiltonian via the Generalized Gell-Mann Representation.

Optimal realizations of quantum technology tasks lead to the necessity of a detailed analytical study of the behavior of a -level quantum system (qudit) under a time-dependent Hamiltonian. In the present article, we introduce a new general formalism describing the unitary evolution of a qudit ( d ≥ 2 ) in terms of the Bloch-like vector space and specify how, in a general case, this formalism is related to finding time-dependent parameters in the exponential representation of the evolution operator under an arbitrary time-dependent Hamiltonian. Applying this new general formalism to a qubit case ( d = 2 ) , we specify the unitary evolution of a qubit via the evolution of a unit vector in R 4 , and this allows us to derive the precise analytical expression of the qubit unitary evolution operator for a wide class of nonstationary Hamiltonians.

p-Adic mathematics and theoretical biology.

The principal objective of this article is a brief overview of the main parts of p-adic mathematics, which have already had valuable applications and may have a significant impact in the near future on the further development of some fields of theoretical and mathematical biology. In particular, we present the basics of ultrametrics, p-adic numbers and p-adic analysis, as well as insight into their applications for modeling some cognitive processes, genetic code and protein dynamics. We also argue that ultrametric concepts and p-adic mathematics are natural tools for the viable description of biological systems and phenomena with a hierarchical structure.

Machine Learning Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics.

Machine learning methods have proved to be useful for the recognition of patterns in statistical data. The measurement outcomes are intrinsically random in quantum physics, however, they do have a pattern when the measurements are performed successively on an open quantum system. This pattern is due to the system-environment interaction and contains information about the relaxation rates as well as non-Markovian memory effects.

Effect of a small loss or gain in the periodic nonlinear Schrödinger anomalous wave dynamics.

The focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is the simplest universal model describing the modulation instability of quasimonochromatic waves in weakly nonlinear media, the main physical mechanism for the appearance of anomalous (rogue) waves (AWs) in nature. In this paper, concentrating on the simplest case of a single unstable mode, we study the special Cauchy problem for the NLS equation perturbed by a linear loss or gain term, corresponding to periodic initial perturbations of the unstable background solution of the NLS. Using the finite gap method and the theory of perturbations of soliton partial differential equations, we construct the proper analytic model describing quantitatively how the solution evolves after a suitable transient into slowly varying lower dimensional patterns (attractors) on the (x,t) plane, characterized by ΔX=L/2 in the case of loss and by ΔX=0 in the case of gain, where ΔX is the x shift of the position of the AW during the recurrence, and L is the period.

Uncomputability and complexity of quantum control.

In laboratory and numerical experiments, physical quantities are known with a finite precision and described by rational numbers. Based on this, we deduce that quantum control problems both for open and closed systems are in general not algorithmically solvable, i.e.

Calculation of coherences in Förster and modified Redfield theories of excitation energy transfer.

Förster and modified Redfield theories play one of the central roles in the description of excitation energy transfer in molecular systems. However, in the present state, these theories describe only the dynamics of populations of local electronic excitations or delocalized exciton eigenstates, respectively, i.e.

Entropy nonconservation and boundary conditions for Hamiltonian dynamical systems.

Applying the theory of self-adjoint extensions of Hermitian operators to Koopman von Neumann classical mechanics, the most general set of probability distributions is found for which entropy is conserved by Hamiltonian evolution. A new dynamical phase associated with such a construction is identified. By choosing distributions not belonging to this class, we produce explicit examples of both free particles and harmonic systems evolving in a bounded phase-space in such a way that entropy is nonconserved.

Simulation Complexity of Open Quantum Dynamics: Connection with Tensor Networks.

The difficulty to simulate the dynamics of open quantum systems resides in their coupling to many-body reservoirs with exponentially large Hilbert space. Applying a tensor network approach in the time domain, we demonstrate that effective small reservoirs can be defined and used for modeling open quantum dynamics. The key element of our technique is the timeline reservoir network (TRN), which contains all the information on the reservoir's characteristics, in particular, the memory effects timescale.

Impact of the Injection Protocol on an Impurity's Stationary State.

We examine stationary-state properties of an impurity particle injected into a one-dimensional quantum gas. We show that the value of the impurity's end velocity lies between zero and the speed of sound in the gas and is determined by the injection protocol. This way, the impurity's constant motion is a dynamically emergent phenomenon whose description goes beyond accounting for the kinematic constraints of the Landau approach to superfluidity.